Oseliska: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs have four stems: the root, present stem, past stem, and the supine stem. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| 3|| laulap|| laulavat || lauli|| laulit || laulaksi || laulaksit | | 3|| laulap|| laulavat || lauli|| laulit || laulaksi || laulaksit | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Non-finite forms==== | |||
* Present active participle: [PRES]-va/-vä | |||
* Past active participle: [ROOT]-nut/-nüt | |||
* Past passive participle: [ROOT]-tu/-tü | |||
* Supine: [SUP]-ma/mä | |||
* Action noun: [SUP]-minën (gen. stem -misë-, part. -mista/-mistä, part. plur. stem -mis-) | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 13:28, 5 April 2016
L-Norwegian is a Finnic language spoken in User:IlL/Lõis's Norway.
Introduction
Phonology
All letters are pronounced as in Finnish except d which is pronounced /ð/, ë pronounced /ə/, ü pronounced /y/ and ie, uo, üö pronounced /iə, uə, yə/.
Stress is always on the first syllable.
Vowel harmony
a, o, u are back; ä, ö, ü, e are front; ë, i are neutral.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
L-Norwegian has 14 cases. Nouns have five stems, the nominative, genitive, partitive, dative and partitive plural.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | [NOM] | [GEN]-t |
| Genitive | [GEN]-n | [PARTPL]-tën |
| Partitive | [PART] | [PARTPL]-ta/tä |
| Illative | [GEN]-ssën, [DAT]-n | [PARTPL]-ihën |
| Inessive | [GEN]-ssa/-ssä | [PARTPL]-issa/issä |
| Elative | [GEN]-sta/-stä | [PARTPL]-ista/istä |
| Allative | [GEN]-llë | [PARTPL]-illë |
| Adessive | [GEN]-lla/-llä | [PARTPL]-illa/illä |
| Ablative | [GEN]-lta/-ltä | [PARTPL]-ilta/iltä |
| Translative | [GEN]-ksi | [PARTPL]-iksi |
| Essive | [GEN]-na/-nä | [PARTPL]-ina/-inä |
| Abessive | [GEN]-hta/-htä | [PARTPL]-ihta/-ihtä |
| Comitative | [GEN]-në | [PARTPL]-inë |
| Instructive | [GEN]-n | [PARTPL]-in |
Example:
| käsi 'hand, arm' | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | käsi | kädët |
| Genitive | kädën | kästën |
| Partitive | kättä | kästä |
| Illative | kädëssën, kätën | käsihën |
| Inessive | kädëssä | käsissä |
| Elative | kädëstä | käsistä |
| Allative | kädëllë | käsillë |
| Adessive | kädëllä | käsillä |
| Ablative | kädëltä | käsiltä |
| Translative | kädëksi | käsiksi |
| Essive | kädënä | käsinä |
| Abessive | kädëhtä | käsihtä |
| Comitative | kädënë | käsinë |
| Instructive | kädën | käsin |
Verbs
Verbs have four stems: the root, present stem, past stem, and the supine stem.
| Present | Past | Present Conditional | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | [PRES]-n | [PRES]-hmë | [PAST]-n | [PAST]-më | [PRES]-ksin | [PRES]-ksimë |
| 2 | [PRES]-t | [PRES]-htë | [PAST]-t | [PAST]-të | [PRES]-ksit | [PRES]-ksitë |
| 3 | [PRES]-p | [PRES]-vat/vät | [PAST] | [PAST]-t | [PRES]-ksi | [PRES]-ksit |
Example:
| laulla 'to sing' | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Past | Present Conditional | ||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | laulan | laulahmë | laulin | laulimë | laulaksin | laulaksimë |
| 2 | laulat | laulahtë | laulit | laulitë | laulaksit | laulaksitë |
| 3 | laulap | laulavat | lauli | laulit | laulaksi | laulaksit |
Non-finite forms
- Present active participle: [PRES]-va/-vä
- Past active participle: [ROOT]-nut/-nüt
- Past passive participle: [ROOT]-tu/-tü
- Supine: [SUP]-ma/mä
- Action noun: [SUP]-minën (gen. stem -misë-, part. -mista/-mistä, part. plur. stem -mis-)