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Luthic: Difference between revisions
→Possessive pronouns
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====Demonstrative pronouns==== | |||
The Luthic demonstrative system distinguishes three degrees of distance: proximal, referring to entities near the speaker; medial, for entities closer to the listener; and distal, for entities far from both speaker and listener. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:35%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Proximal | |||
! style="width:25%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:25%;" | m. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | f. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | n. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Singular | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| este || esta || esto | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| esti || este || esti | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| esto || esta || esto | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| esta || este || esta | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| esti || este || esta | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| esti || esto || esti | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| esti || este || esta | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| esta || esto || esta | |||
|} | |||
The proximal refers to entities near the speaker. In temporal contexts, it refers to the present. | |||
* (space) este è so minu buocu. → This (the book the speaker holds) is my book. | |||
* (time) esta veca è folla. → This (current) week is packed. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:35%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Medial | |||
! style="width:25%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:25%;" | m. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | f. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | n. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Singular | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| esse || essa || esso | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| essi || esse || essi | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| esso || essa || esso | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| essa || esse || essa | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| essi || esse || essa | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| essi || esso || essi | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| essi || esse || essa | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| essa || esso || essa | |||
|} | |||
The medial refers to entities near the listener. In temporal contexts, it refers to the near past or near future. | |||
* (space) essa tazza è þina? → Is that cup (near the listener) yours? | |||
* (time) esso domnico garraggio. → I’m going this Sunday. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:35%; table-layout:fixed;" | |||
|+ Distal | |||
! style="width:25%;" | Case | |||
! style="width:25%;" | m. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | f. | |||
! style="width:25%;" | n. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Singular | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| gienu || giena || gieno | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| gieni || giene || gieni | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| gieno || giena || gieno | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| giena || giene || giena | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! nom. | |||
| gieni || giene || giena | |||
|- | |||
! gen. | |||
| gieni || gieno || gieni | |||
|- | |||
! acc. | |||
| giene || giene || giena | |||
|- | |||
! dat. | |||
| giena || gieno || giena | |||
|} | |||
The distal refers to entities far from the speaker and the listener. In temporal contexts, it refers to the distant past and distant future. | |||
* (space) sevisti gieno ondo? → Did you see that dog? | |||
* (time) gieno attomo giero fú buono. → This last year was good. | |||
====Relative pronouns==== | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||