Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Húsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red). | These following examples will serve to illustrate sentence construction in Húsnorsk. (subject in yellow, verb in blue, object in red). | ||
:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d"> | :'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpjǫudīn</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">wą</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090"> 1.500</span> </span>'''''—''The population was 1,500'' | ||
In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see " | In this example, the word order matches English relatively well, and we see "wą" ("was") in the second position. | ||
In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position. | In this next example, we see it break away from English order, with the verb still occupying V2 position. | ||
:'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5"> | :'''''<span style="color:black"><span style="background-color:#90ff90">árit 2000</span> <span style="background-color:#abd5f5">wą</span> <span style="background-color:#fad67d">mānpjǫudīn</span> <span style="background-color:#ff9090">1.500</span></span>'''''—''In 2000, the population was 1,500'' (lit. ''The year 2000 was the population 1,500'') | ||
The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''. | The prepositional phrase "árit 2000" (in green) counts as a single unit, thus the verb must come after ''2000'' rather than ''árit''. | ||
Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking: | Unlike Icelandic, V2 order has no exceptions, as SV inversion isn't used for yes/no questions. In the following example, you'll see one method of question marking: | ||
:'''''Ari havi | :'''''Ari havi soutīn''''' — ''Ari is hungry'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry'') | ||
and as a question: | and as a question: | ||
:'''''Ari havi | :'''''Ari havi soutīn?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Ari has hungry?'') | ||
Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing). | Here you see the most common form of question, one without grammatical change, these use a rising vocal intonation as their marking (or a question mark in writing). | ||
Another method is SO inversion, as in: | Another method is SO inversion, as in: | ||
:''''' | :'''''soutīn havi Ari?''''' — ''Is Ari hungry?'' (lit. ''Hungry has Ari?'') | ||
Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus: | Something important you'll notice here is the use of "to have" where "to be" is used in other Germanic languages, this is a feature of Húsnorsk where permanent attributes use "to be" while temporary states use "to have", thus: | ||
:'''''Ari er | :'''''Ari er sę́u''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is ''always'' happy) | ||
:'''''Ari havi | :'''''Ari havi sę́u''''' — ''Ari is happy'' (Ari is happy right now) | ||
While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi | While "hava" can generally only take a noun, when used this way, "hava" takes an adjective just like "vera". When both an adjective and a noun exist, there is a semantic difference in meaning between the two, so saying '''''Ari havi sę́u''''' is the English "Ari is happy", but saying '''''Ari havi sę́ud''''' means she's possessing happiness, "having happiness" is roughly equivalent to saying "withholding/denying happiness". | ||
This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas. | This hava vs vera copula system is, in a way, similar to Spanish's two copulas. | ||