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{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ŋɑ], also splled as '''Ŋa''', is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.
{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ngɑ] is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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=== Vowel Harmony ===
=== Vowel Harmony ===
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /u ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.  


=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
/u/ becomes [ᵿ] before /i/ in across a syllable boundary.
/ʉ/ becomes [u] if there are other harmonic back vowels in the word (excluding /ʉ ui̯/) unless immediately followed by /i/.
 
[ʉ] ranges between central [ʉ] and near-back [ü].


Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
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=== Morphology ===
=== Morphology ===
==== Tense ====
==== Tense ====
Past Tense: -''ltu/-ltü'' [-ltu, -lty]
Past Tense: -''ltu/-ltü'' [-ltʉ~ltu, -lty]


Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯]
Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯]
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Irrealis: Ø
Irrealis: Ø


* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltu-]
* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltʉ~oltu-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
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There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.
There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.


Motile subject: ''-msu/-msü'' [-msu, -msy]
Motile subject: ''-msu/-msü'' [-msʉ~msu, -msy]


Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
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|-
|-
!ku
!ku
|[ku]
|[kʉ]
|alone
|alone
| -
| -
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| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋe
!nge
|[ŋe]
|[nge]
|clean
|clean
| -
| -
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|-
|-
!vu
!vu
|[βu]
|[βʉ]
|down
|down
| -
| -
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|-
|-
!tsu
!tsu
|[t͡su]
|[t͡sʉ]
|lightning
|lightning
| -
| -
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| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋa
!nga
|[ŋɑ]
|[ngɑ]
|speak
|speak
| -
| -
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|-
|-
!mu
!mu
|[mu]
|[mʉ]
|together
|together
| -
| -
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The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.
The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.


Italicized compound components are themselves compounds.
==== Double-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="5" |Nga
! colspan="4" |Nga
! colspan="5" |English
! colspan="4" |English
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! colspan="2" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! colspan="2" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
|-
!1
!1
!2
!2
!3
!1
!1
!2
!2
!3
|-
|-
!ćevü
!ćevü
|će
|će
|vu
|vu
|
|[t͡ɕeβy]
|[t͡ɕeβy]
!ice melting
!ice melting
|ice
|ice
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|fü
|fü
|vu
|vu
|
|[ɸyβy]
|[ɸyβy]
!snow melting
!snow melting
|snow
|snow
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
!füvvüqa
|fü
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
!snow cave-in
|snow
| colspan="2" |''tumble''
|Snow that is caving in.
|-
|-
!kuôi
!kuôi
|ku
|ku
|ôi
|ôi
|
|[kuɔi̯]
|[kuɔi̯]
!island
!island
|alone
|alone
|sea
|sea
|
| -
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[kutt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
| colspan="2" |''electric''
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|ku
|ku
|yü
|yü
|
|[kʉjʉ]
|[kuju]
!light
!light
|alone
|alone
|light
|light
|
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|-
!kuyyui
|ku
| colspan="2" |yü-i
|[kujjʉi]
!photon
|alone
| colspan="2" |''glint''
| -
|-
|-
!miće
!miće
|mi
|mi
|će
|će
|
|[mit͡ɕe]
|[mit͡ɕe]
!glass
!glass
|blank
|blank
|ice
|ice
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|mi
|mi
|xo
|xo
|
|[mixø]
|[mixø]
!paper
!paper
|blank
|blank
|wood
|wood
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
!miŋe
!minge
|mi
|mi
|ŋe
|nge
|
|[minge]
|[miŋe]
!new
!new
|blank
|blank
|clean
|clean
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|mo
|mo
|maa
|maa
|
|[momɑː]
|[momɑː]
!take
!take
|hold
|hold
|go
|go
|
|Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
|-
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|mo
|mo
|ńi
|ńi
|
|[moɲi]
|[moɲi]
!bring
!bring
|hold
|hold
|come
|come
|
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
|-
!mottsui
!muou
|mo
|mu
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ou
|[mott͡sʉi]
|[muou̯]
!mobile device
!community
|hold
|together
| colspan="2" |''electric''
|person
| -
|-
!nati
|na
|ti
|[nɑti]
!tree
|plant
|tall
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋattsui
!ńiôi
|ŋa
|ńi
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ôi
|[ŋɑtt͡sʉi]
|[ɲiɔi̯]
!phone
!flood
|speak
|come
| colspan="2" |''electric''
|sea
| Also means phone call.
| -
|-
|-
!ŋekü
!ngekü
|ŋe
|nge
|ku
|ku
|
|[ngeky]
|[ŋeky]
!clean
!clean
|clean
|clean
|alone
|alone
|
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|-
!oumu
|ou
|mu
|[ou̯mu]
!crowd
|person
|together
| -
|-
!ôimaa
|ôi
|maa
|[ɔi̯mɑː]
!current
|sea
|go
|A current in a body of water.
|-
!ôińi
|ôi
|ńi
|[ɔi̯ɲi]
!wave
|sea
|come
|A moving disturbance in a body of water.
|-
!ôiti
|ôi
|ti
|[ɔi̯ti]
!tsunami
|sea
|tall
| -
|-
|-
!pôi
!pôi
|pô
|pô
|i
|i
|
|[pɔi]
|[pɔi]
!grow
!grow
|big
|big
|small
|small
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|pô
|pô
|mu
|mu
|
|[pɔmu]
|[pɔmu]
!all
!all
|big
|big
|together
|together
|
| -
|-
!pômu'ou
| colspan="2" |pô-mu
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
| colspan="2" |''all''
|person
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|qa
|qa
|vu
|vu
|
|[qɑβʉ]
|[qɑβu]
!slam
!slam
|hit
|hit
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|qui
|qui
|vu
|vu
|
|[qui̯βʉ]
|[qui̯βu]
!downstroke
!downstroke
|ink
|ink
|down
|down
|
|A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
|A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
|-
|-
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|qui
|qui
|xo
|xo
|
|[qui̯xo]
|[qui̯xo]
!page
!page
|ink
|ink
|wood
|wood
|
|A page with writing or image(s).
|A page with writing or image(s).
|-
!tina
|ti
|na
|[tinɑ]
!tree trunk
|tall
|plant
| -
|-
!tsui
|tsu
|i
|[t͡sʉi]
!electric
|lightning
|small
| -
|-
|-
!vućë
!vućë
|vu
|vu
|će
|će
|
|[βut͡ɕɜ]
|[βut͡ɕɜ]
!hail
!hail
|down
|down
|ice
|ice
|
| Also means sleet.
| Also means sleet.
|-
|-
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|vu
|vu
|fü
|fü
|
|[βʉɸʉ]
|[βuɸu]
!snowing
!snowing
|down
|down
|snow
|snow
|
|Snow that is falling from the sky.
|Snow that is falling from the sky.
|-
|-
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|vu
|vu
|qa
|qa
|
|[βʉqɑ]
|[βuqɑ]
!tumble
!tumble
|down
|down
|hit
|hit
|
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|-
!vuqaffu
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|fü
|[βuqɑɸɸu]
!avalanche
| colspan="2" |''tumble''
|snow
| -
|-
|-
!vuqui
!vuqui
|vu
|vu
|qui
|qui
|
|[βʉqui̯]
|[βuqui̯]
!ink drop
!ink drop
|down
|down
|ink
|ink
|
| -
|-
!yüiôi
|yü
|i
|ôi
|[jyiɔi̯]
!photon field
|light
|small
|sea
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|yü
|yü
|maa
|maa
|
|[jymɑː]
|[jymɑː]
!EM radiation
!EM radiation
|light
|light
|go
|go
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 500: Line 467:
|yü
|yü
|ńi
|ńi
|
|[jyɲi]
|[jyɲi]
!color
!color
|light
|light
|come
|come
|
|Also refers to visible light.
|Refers to the process of experiencing color, from light emission to brain processing, not only brain processing.
|}
 
==== Triple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="5" |Nga
! colspan="5" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!1
!2
!3
|-
!füvvüqa
|fü
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
!snow cave-in
|snow
| colspan="2" |tumble
|Snow that is caving in.
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[kʉtt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!kuyyui
|ku
| colspan="2" |yü-i
|[kʉjjʉi]
!photon
|alone
| colspan="2" |glint
| -
|-
!mottsui
|mo
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[mott͡sʉi]
!mobile device
|hold
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!mupôou
|mu
|pô
|ou
|[mupɔou̯]
!state
|together
|big
|person
|A self-governing political entity.
|-
!muouggo
| colspan="2" |mu-ou
|go
|[muou̯ŋɡo]
!territory
| colspan="2" |community
|land
|An area of land associated with a particular group of people.
|-
!natiggo
| colspan="2" |na-ti
|go
|[nɑtiŋɡo]
!forest
| colspan="2" |tree
|land
| -
|-
!ngattsui
|nga
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[ngɑtt͡sʉi]
!phone
|speak
| colspan="2" |electric
| Also means phone call.
|-
!ôińi'i
| colspan="2" |ôi-ńi
|i
|[ɔi̯ɲiʔi]
!small wave
| colspan="2" |wave
|small
|A moving disturbance in a small volume of liquid.
|-
!pômu'ou
| colspan="2" |pô-mu
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
| colspan="2" |all
|person
| -
|-
!tsuikku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ku
|[t͡sʉikkʉ]
!volt
| colspan="2" |electric
|small
| -
|-
!vuqaffu
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|fü
|[βʉqɑɸɸʉ]
!avalanche
| colspan="2" |tumble
|snow
| -
|-
!yüiôi
|yü
|i
|ôi
|[jyiɔi̯]
!photon field
|light
|small
|sea
| -
|}
 
==== Quadruple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="6" |Nga
! colspan="6" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!4
!1
!2
!3
!4
|-
!natiggo'i
| colspan="2" |na-ti
|go
|i
|[nɑtiŋɡoʔi]
!grove
| colspan="2" |forest
|land
|small
| -
|-
!mummupôou
|mu
| colspan="3" |mu-pô-ou
|[mummupɔou̯]
!union
|together
| colspan="3" |state
| A union of states.
|}
|}
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