Jugsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===

==Development==

Jugsnorsk's phonological history is largely extremely well understood. The exact mechnism through which the laudative and pejorative forms developed is not understood well though.

The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Varhúsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized.

*/iu, eu/ > /ju/

*coda geminates shorten

*''The laudative and pejorative forms must have developed prior to diphthong flattening, while coda /l/ still existed as the allophone [u̯]''

*nasals to nasalization before fricatives, seemingly only when place of articulation is the same, but always before ð (/mun.ðʀ/ > /mũðj/, but /bloːm.stʀ/ > /bloːmsj/ )

*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, øy, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, œː, yː, oː, uː/

**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" (Eastern "alʀ") becomes "œ" /œː/)

*/r̥, l̥/ to /r, l/

*''Original genitives are lost, and get reformed as dative + -s''

*/Cj/ > /Cʲ/ (/k, g, x, n, l/ to palatal)

*/ɣ/ to /g/

*/w, v/ merge to /ʋ/ except word initially

*Vowel shifts:

**Overlong to plain long

**Mid-highs and mid-lows merge (affects nasals), /ɛ, ɛː/ to /a, ai̯/ though.

**Unstressed shifts:

***Short: /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/ > /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/

***Long: /iː, eː, yː, øː, uː, oː, aː/ > /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/

**Stressed long splitting: /iː, eː, uː, oː, yː, øː, aː/ > /ɪi, e̞i, ʊu, o̞u, ʏy, ø̞y, ɐu/

**Nasal vowels to long, long nasals to overlong. (nasals unaffected by the other vowel shifts)

*/Cf, Cs/ to /Cʰ/

*/Vbl̩, Vdl̩, Vgl̩/ to /u̯l, l, i̯l/, [ʎ] ("lj") is still treated as /lj/, so "ablj" [a.bʎ̩] becomes [au̯ʎ]

*initial jV-/wV- assimilation.

**Not all speakers have wV- assimilation, those that don't finish the w/v merger.

*/sC/ to /Cʰ/, likely through intermediate /ʰC/

*(not all speakers) in some of the more common verbs, geminates are reduced to approximates/fricatives

**"-pp-, -bb-" > "-v-"

**"-tt-, -dd-" > "-ð-"

**"-kk-, -gg-" > "-j-"

==Phonology==

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ===Modern Jugsnorsk (1850AD~Today)===
+==Development==
+Jugsnorsk's phonological history is largely extremely well understood. The exact mechnism through which the laudative and pejorative forms developed is not understood well though.
+The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Varhúsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized.
+*/iu, eu/ > /ju/
+*coda geminates shorten
+*''The laudative and pejorative forms must have developed prior to diphthong flattening, while coda /l/ still existed as the allophone [u̯]''
+*nasals to nasalization before fricatives, seemingly only when place of articulation is the same, but always before ð (/mun.ðʀ/ > /mũðj/, but /bloːm.stʀ/ > /bloːmsj/ )
+*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, øy, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, œː, yː, oː, uː/
+**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" (Eastern "alʀ") becomes "œ" /œː/)
+*/r̥, l̥/ to /r, l/
+*''Original genitives are lost, and get reformed as dative + -s''
+*/Cj/ > /Cʲ/ (/k, g, x, n, l/ to palatal)
+*/ɣ/ to /g/
+*/w, v/ merge to /ʋ/ except word initially
+*Vowel shifts:
+**Overlong to plain long
+**Mid-highs and mid-lows merge (affects nasals), /ɛ, ɛː/ to /a, ai̯/ though.
+**Unstressed shifts:
+***Short: /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/ > /ɪ, ɛ, ʏ, œ, ʊ, ɔ, ɐ/
+***Long: /iː, eː, yː, øː, uː, oː, aː/ > /i, e, y, ø, u, o, a/
+**Stressed long splitting: /iː, eː, uː, oː, yː, øː, aː/ > /ɪi, e̞i, ʊu, o̞u, ʏy, ø̞y, ɐu/
+**Nasal vowels to long, long nasals to overlong. (nasals unaffected by the other vowel shifts)
+*/Cf, Cs/ to /Cʰ/
+*/Vbl̩, Vdl̩, Vgl̩/ to /u̯l, l, i̯l/, [ʎ] ("lj") is still treated as /lj/, so "ablj" [a.bʎ̩] becomes [au̯ʎ]
+*initial jV-/wV- assimilation.
+**Not all speakers have wV- assimilation, those that don't finish the w/v merger.
+*/sC/ to /Cʰ/, likely through intermediate /ʰC/
+*(not all speakers) in some of the more common verbs, geminates are reduced to approximates/fricatives
+**"-pp-, -bb-" > "-v-"
+**"-tt-, -dd-" > "-ð-"
+**"-kk-, -gg-" > "-j-"
 ==Phonology==