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Ka'mpang: Difference between revisions

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==== Phonetic ====
==== Phonetic ====
The phonetic inventory is much more useful in understanding the pronunciation of the language.
The phonetic inventory is much more useful in understanding the pronunciation of the language.
===== Consonants =====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! rowspan="2" |[[w:labial_consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" |(Pre-)alveolar
! colspan="2" |([[w:Dental_consonant|Pre]]-)[[w:Alveolar_consonant|alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Uvular_consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Glottal_consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|-
!Plain
!Plain
!Labial
![[w:Labial-alveolar_consonant|Labial]]
!Plain
!Plain
!Labial
![[w:Labial-velar_consonant|Labial]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|m
|[[w:IPA_m|m]]
|n
|[[w:IPA_n|n]]
|
|
|
|
|ŋ
|[[w:IPA_ŋ|ŋ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Plosive
! colspan="2" |[[w:Plosive_consonant|Plosive]]
|p
|[[w:IPA_p|p]]
|t d
|[[w:IPA_t|t]] [[w:IPA_d|d]]
|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p
|[[w:voiceless_labial-alveolar_plosive|ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p]]
|
|
|k ɡ
|[[w:IPA_k|k]] [[w:IPA_g|ɡ]]
|ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p
|[[w:Voiceless_labial-velar_plosive|ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p]]
|
|
|ʔ
|[[w:glottal_stop|ʔ]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Glottalic
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glottalic_airstream|Glottalic]]
|ɓ
|[[Tłkaw|ɓ]]
|
|
|ɗ͡ɓ
|[[w:labial-alveolar_consonant|ɗ͡ɓ]]
|
|
|kʼ
|[[w:velar_ejective|kʼ]]
|ɠ͡ɓ
|[[w:Voiced_labial-velar_implosibe|ɠ͡ɓ]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Click_consonant|Click]]
!Tenuis
![[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|ᵏʘ
|[[w:Tenuis_bilabial_click|ᵏʘ]]
|ᵏǀ
|[[w:Tenuis_dental_click|ᵏǀ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!Glottalized
![[w:Glottalized_consonant|Glottalized]]
|ᵏʘˀ
|[[w:Glottalized_click|ᵏʘˀ]]
|ᵏǀˀ
|[[w:Glottalized_click|ᵏǀˀ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
! colspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
|v
|[[w:IPA_v|v]]
|s
|[[w:IPA_s|s]]
|
|
|ç
|[[w:voiceless_palatal_fricative|ç]]
|x
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|
|
|χ
|[[w:voiceless_uvular_fricative|χ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Glide
! colspan="2" |[[w:Glide_consonant|Glide]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|j
|[[w:IPA_j|j]]
|
|
|w
|[[w:IPA_w|w]]
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.
 
===== Vowels =====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[w:front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="3" |Center
! colspan="3" |[[w:central_vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Back
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[w:back_vowel|Back]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Unround
! colspan="2" |[[w:unrounded_vowel|Unround]]
! rowspan="2" |Round
! rowspan="2" |[[w:rounded_vowel|Round]]
|-
|-
!Oral
![[w:oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasalized_vowel|Nasal]]
!Oral
![[w:oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasalized_vowel|Nasal]]
!Oral
![[w:oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasalized_vowel|Nasal]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Close
! colspan="2" |[[w:close_vowel|Close]]
|i
|[[w:IPA_i|i]]
|
|
|ɨ
|[[w:close_central_unrounded_vowel|ɨ]]
|
|
|ʉ
|[[w:close_central_rounded_vowel|ʉ]]
|u
|[[w:close_back_rounded_vowel|u]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid
! rowspan="2" |[[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
!Short
![[w:vowel_length|Short]]
|e
|[[w:IPA_e|e]]
|ẽ
|[[w:nasalized_vowel|ẽ]]
|ə
|[[w:mid_central_vowel|ə]]
|ə̃
|[[w:nasalized_vowel|ə̃]]
|ɵ
|[[w:close-mid_central_rounded_vowel|ɵ]]
|o
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|õ
|[[w:nasalized_vowel|õ]]
|-
|-
!Long
![[w:vowel_length|Long]]
|eː
|[[w:vowel_length|eː]]
|ẽː
|[[w:vowel_length|ẽː]]
|əː
|[[w:vowel_length|əː]]
|ə̃ː
|[[w:vowel_length|ə̃ː]]
|
|
|oː
|[[w:vowel_length|oː]]
|õː
|[[w:vowel_length|õː]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Open
! rowspan="2" |[[w:open_vowel|Open]]
!Short
![[w:vowel_length|Short]]
|
|
|
|
|a
|[[w:IPA_a|a]]
|ã
|[[w:nasalized_vowel|ã]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!Long
![[w:vowel_length|Long]]
|
|
|
|
|aː
|[[w:vowel_length|aː]]
|ãː
|[[w:vowel_length|ãː]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
Nasalization is not written in the phonetic romanization since it can easily be predicted to occur before any nasal. The vowels are [i ɨ ʉ u e ə ɵ o eː əː oː a aː] ⟨i î û u e a ô o ē ā ō â á⟩.
 
=== Romanization ===
A phonetic romanization is more common for Ka'mpang. Nasalization is not written in the phonetic romanization since it can easily be predicted to occur before any nasal.  
{| class="wikitable"
!Allophone
!Romanization
!Allophone
!Romanization
|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
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!
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|-
!
|
!
|
|}
The consonants are [m n ŋ p t d ⁿ͡ᵐt͡p k ɡ ᵑ͡ᵐk͡p ʔ ɓ ɗ͡ɓ kʼ ɠ͡ɓ ᵏʘ ᵏǀ ᵏʘˀ ᵏǀˀ v s ç x χ j w] ⟨m n ng p t d np k g ngp ’ b db f c f’ c’ v s ch x q y w⟩. Like in the phonemic romanization, /ʔʔ/ and /ʔʔʔ/ are written ⟨-⟩ and ⟨’-⟩, respectively.
 
The vowels are [i ɨ ʉ u e ə ɵ o eː əː oː a aː] ⟨i î û u e a ô o ē ā ō â á⟩.


=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Ka%27mpang"