Vindamal: Difference between revisions

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 ==Syntax==
-===Constituent order===
+== Syntax ==
+=== Overview ===
+Vindamal exhibits a verb-second (V2) word order in main clauses, combined with relatively flexible constituent ordering. Word order is used to indicate topic and focus, while morphological marking provides grammatical structure.
+=== Constituent Order ===
+Vindamal main clauses follow a verb-second (V2) structure.
+General structure:
+'''[First constituent] + [Finite verb] + [Subject + Object + Other elements]'''
+Only one constituent may precede the finite verb.
+The first position may be occupied by:
+* subject
+* object
+* adverb
+* locative phrase
+* subordinate clause
+Examples:
+* ''ja bul mana'' — I drink water
+* ''mana bul ja'' — Water, I drink
+=== Default Order ===
+When the subject is not fronted, the default order following the verb is:
+'''Subject → Object → Other elements'''
+=== Adverbs ===
+Adverbs may appear in two positions:
+* In first position, for emphasis:
+  * ''hala mal ja'' — Differently, I speak
+* After the verb, in neutral position:
+  * ''ja mal hala'' — I speak differently
+Adverbs appear before the verb only when occupying the first constituent position.
+=== Locative Phrases ===
+Locative phrases have two functions:
+* Attributive (within a noun phrase):
+  * ''manin vinda'' — man in the water
+* Adverbial (at the clause level):
+  * ''vinda mol manin'' — the man speaks in the water
+Locative phrases preceding a noun form part of the noun phrase. Locative phrases occurring outside the noun phrase function as clause-level modifiers.
+=== Compound Verbs ===
+In compound verbal constructions, the finite verb appears in second position, while the main verb may appear later in the clause.
+The main verb may appear:
+* immediately after core arguments, or
+* at the end of the clause
+Examples:
+* ''ja har mola'' — I will speak
+* ''manan har ja bola'' — Water, I will drink
+=== Subordinate Clauses ===
+Subordinate clauses do not follow V2 word order.
+They follow a more regular structure in which the verb appears later in the clause.
+Example:
+* ''ja ken etta vinda mol'' — I know that the man speaks
 === Noun Phrase ===