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Lanikel orthography: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
![[w:nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wň, ṽ'''
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|w̃]] '''wǹ, ṽ'''
|
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''lň, ł'''
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|l̃]] '''lǹ, ł'''
|
|
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yň,''' '''ỹ'''
|[[w:nasalized_consonant|j̃]] '''yǹ,''' '''ỹ'''
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:dental_nasal_click|ŋ͡ʇ]] '''cn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''clň, ċn'''
|[[w:nasal_alveolar_click|ŋ͡ǃ¡]] '''cǹ'''
|
|
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cñ, ĉn'''
|[[w:nasal_palatal_click|ŋ͡ǂ]] '''cň'''
|
|
|
|
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![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
![[w:tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
|
|
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''c'''
|[[w:tenuis_dental_click|k͡ʇ]] '''ct'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl, ċ'''
|[[w:tenuis_alveolar_click|k͡ǃ¡]] '''cl'''
|
|
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy, ĉ'''
|[[w:tenuis_palatal_click|k͡ǂ]] '''cy'''
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
!Nasal
!Nasal
|w̩̃˥ '''ẃň'''
|w̩̃˥ '''ẃǹ'''
|w̩̃˧ '''ẇň'''
|w̩̃˧ '''ẇǹ'''
|w̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉň'''
|w̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẉǹ'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|l̩̃˥ '''ĺň'''
|l̩̃˥ '''ĺǹ'''
|l̩̃˧ '''ŀň'''
|l̩̃˧ '''ŀǹ'''
|l̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷň'''
|l̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ḷǹ'''
|j̩̃˥ '''ýň'''
|j̩̃˥ '''ýǹ'''
|j̩̃˧ '''ÿň'''
|j̩̃˧ '''ÿǹ'''
|j̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏň'''
|j̩̃˩ '''<nowiki/>'ẏǹ'''
|
|
|
|
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=== Gemination ===
=== Gemination ===
Long vowels are written with a macron over the first letter. Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphic oral clicks and affricates are written by doubling their first letter, and the other geminated digraphic consonants are written by doubling their last letter.  
Long vowels are written with a macron over the first letter. Geminated single-letter consonants are written by doubling their letter. Geminated digraphs are written by doubling their first letter.  


Geminated syllabic consonants are marked by doubling the letter with the syllabic or tone diacritic. The syllabic geminate consonant /ʀ̩ː/ is only written with two marked ⟨r⟩s instead of two marked ⟨r⟩s and an unmarked one.  
Geminated syllabic consonants are marked by doubling the letter with the syllabic or tone diacritic. The syllabic geminate consonant /ʀ̩ː/ is only written with two marked ⟨r⟩s instead of two marked ⟨r⟩s and an unmarked one.  
Line 403: Line 403:
|''mm''
|''mm''
|''nn''
|''nn''
|''nyy''
|''nny''
|''ngg''
|''nng''
|''pp''
|''pp''
|''tt''
|''tt''
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|''jj''
|''jj''
|''gg''
|''gg''
|''cnn''
|''ccn''
|''clňň''
|''ccǹ''
|''cññ''
|''ccñ''
|''cc''
|''cct''
|''ccl''
|''ccl''
|''ccy''
|''ccy''
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|''jj''
|''jj''
|''gg''
|''gg''
|''cnn''
|''ccn''
|''ċnn''
|''ccǹ''
|''ĉnn''
|''ccñ''
|''cc''
|''cct''
|''ċċ''
|''ccl''
|''ĉĉ''
|''ccy''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Continuant
! rowspan="3" |Continuant
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|''thh''
|''thh''
|''ss''
|''ss''
|''shh''
|''ssh''
|''lhh''
|''llh''
|''xx''
|''xx''
|''hh''
|''hh''
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|''dd''
|''dd''
|''zz''
|''zz''
|''zhh''
|''zzh''
|''ww''
|''ww''
|''ll''
|''ll''
|''yy''
|''yy''
|''wwň''
|''wwǹ''
|''llň''
|''llǹ''
|''yyň''
|''yyǹ''
|''rrr''
|''rrr''
|-
|-
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|''ḷḷ''
|''ḷḷ''
|''ẏẏ''
|''ẏẏ''
|''ẉẉň''
|''ẉẉǹ''
|''ḷḷň''
|''ḷḷǹ''
|''ẏẏň''
|''ẏẏǹ''
|''ṛṛ''
|''ṛṛ''
|-
|-
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|''ĺĺ''
|''ĺĺ''
|''ýý''
|''ýý''
|''ẃẃň''
|''ẃẃǹ''
|''ĺĺň''
|''ĺĺǹ''
|''ýýň''
|''ýýǹ''
|''ŕŕ''
|''ŕŕ''
|-
|-
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|''ŀŀ''
|''ŀŀ''
|''ÿÿ''
|''ÿÿ''
|''ẇẇň''
|''ẇẇǹ''
|''ŀŀň''
|''ŀŀǹ''
|''ÿÿň''
|''ÿÿǹ''
|''ṙṙ''
|''ṙṙ''
|-
|-
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|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷ''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẉẉň''
|''<nowiki/>'ẉẉǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷň''
|''<nowiki/>'ḷḷǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏň''
|''<nowiki/>'ẏẏǹ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛṛ''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛṛ''
|-
|-
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!Distinction
!Distinction
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |cl
! rowspan="2" |ch
|''cl''
|''ch''
|/k͡!¡/
|/t͡ʃ/
! rowspan="3" |ccl
! rowspan="3" |chh
|''ccl''
|''chh''
|/k͡!¡/
|/t͡ʃː/
! rowspan="2" |ṇy
! rowspan="2" |ṇy
|''ṇy''
|''ṇy''
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|/ɪː/
|/ɪː/
|-
|-
|''c'l''
|''c'h''
|/k͡ʇl/
|/k͡ʇh/
|''c'cl''
|''ch'h''
|/k͡ʇk͡!¡/
|/t͡ʃh/
|''ṇ'y''
|''ṇ'y''
|/n̩j/
|/n̩j/
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|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|''cc'l''
|''c'hh''
|/k͡ʇːl/
|/k͡ʇhː/
! rowspan="2" |ńy
! rowspan="2" |ńy
|''ńy''
|''ńy''
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| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ch
! rowspan="2" |dz
|''ch''
|''dz''
|/t͡ʃ/
|/d͡z/
! rowspan="3" |chh
! rowspan="3" |
|''chh''
|
|/t͡ʃː/
|
|''ń'y''
|''ń'y''
|/n̩˥j/
|/n̩˥j/
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|/ʊː/
|/ʊː/
|-
|-
|''c'h''
|''d'z''
|/k͡ʇh/
|/ðz/
|''ch'h''
|
|/t͡ʃh/
|
! rowspan="2" |ṅy
! rowspan="2" |ṅy
|''ṅy''
|''ṅy''
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|-
|-
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|''c'hh''
|
|/k͡ʇhː/
|
|''ṅ'y''
|''ṅ'y''
|/n̩˧j/
|/n̩˧j/
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| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |cn
! rowspan="2" |lh
|''cn''
|lh
|/ŋ͡ʇ/
|/ʎ̝̊/
! rowspan="2" |ccn
! rowspan="2" |
|''ccn''
|
|/k͡ʇːn/
|
! rowspan="2" |'ṇy'''<nowiki/>'''
! rowspan="2" |'ṇy'''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇy'''''<nowiki/>'''
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|/əː/
|/əː/
|-
|-
|''c'n''
|''l'h''
|/k͡ʇn/
|/lh/
|''c'cn''
|
|/k͡ʇŋ͡ʇ/
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'y'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'y'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/n̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''j/
|/n̩˩'''<nowiki/>'''j/
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|/eː.o/
|/eː.o/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |cñ
!
|''cñ''
|
|/ŋ͡ǂ/
|
! rowspan="2" |ccñ
! rowspan="2" |
|''ccñ''
|
|/k͡ʇːɲ/
|
! rowspan="2" |ṇg
! rowspan="2" |ṇg
|''ṇg''
|''ṇg''
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| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|-
|-
|''c'ñ''
!
|/k͡ʇɲ/
|
|''c'cñ''
|
|/k͡ʇŋ͡ǂ/
|
|
|''ṇ'g''
|''ṇ'g''
|/n̩ɡ/
|/n̩ɡ/
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|/ʌː/
|/ʌː/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |clň
!
|''clň''
|
|/ŋ͡!¡/
|
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |ńg
! rowspan="2" |ńg
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|/oː.e/
|/oː.e/
|-
|-
|''c'lň''
!
|/k͡ʇl̃/
|
|
|''ń'g''
|''ń'g''
|/n̩˥ɡ/
|/n̩˥ɡ/
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| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |cy
!
|''cy''
|
|/k͡ǂ/
|
! rowspan="3" |ccy
! rowspan="3" |
|''ccy''
|
|/k͡ǂː/
|
! rowspan="2" |ṅg
! rowspan="2" |ṅg
|''ṅg''
|''ṅg''
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|/ɑː/
|/ɑː/
|-
|-
|''c'y''
!
|/k͡ʇj/
|
|''c'cy''
|
|/k͡ʇk͡ǂ/
|
|
|''ṅ'g''
|''ṅ'g''
|/n̩˧ɡ/
|/n̩˧ɡ/
Line 1,006: Line 1,009:
|/aː.o/
|/aː.o/
|-
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="7" |
|
|''cc'y''
|
|/k͡ʇːj/
|
|
|
! rowspan="2" |'ṇg'''<nowiki/>'''
! rowspan="2" |'ṇg'''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇg'''''<nowiki/>'''
Line 1,016: Line 1,021:
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |cnn
|
|''cnn''
|
|/ŋ͡ʇː/
|
! rowspan="3" |
|
|
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'g'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṇ'g'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/n̩ɡ/
|/n̩ɡ/
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! colspan="3" rowspan="40" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="40" |
|-
|-
|''cn'n''
|
|/ŋ͡ʇn/
|
|
|
|
! rowspan="2" |ẓh
! rowspan="2" |ẓh
|''ẓh''
|''ẓh''
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|/iə̯/
|/iə̯/
|-
|-
|''c'nn''
|
|/k͡ʇnː/
|
|
|
|
|''ẓ'h''
|''ẓ'h''
|/z̩h/
|/z̩h/
Line 1,041: Line 1,055:
|/ɪo̯/
|/ɪo̯/
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |cññ
|
|''cññ''
|
|/ŋ͡ǂː/
|
! rowspan="3" |
|
|
! rowspan="2" |źh
! rowspan="2" |źh
|''źh''
|''źh''
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|/i.ə/
|/i.ə/
|-
|-
|''cñ'ñ''
|
|/ŋ͡ǂɲ/
|
|
|
|
|''ź'h''
|''ź'h''
|/z̩˥h/
|/z̩˥h/
Line 1,057: Line 1,077:
|/ɪ.o/
|/ɪ.o/
|-
|-
|''c'ññ''
|
|/k͡ǂɲː/
|
|
|
|
! rowspan="2" |żh
! rowspan="2" |żh
|''żh''
|''żh''
Line 1,065: Line 1,088:
|/i.e.o/
|/i.e.o/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ċn
! rowspan="2" |
|''ċn''
|
|/ŋ͡ʇ/
|
! rowspan="2" |ċċn
! rowspan="2" |
|''ċċn''
|
|/k͡!¡ːn/
|
|''ż'h''
|''ż'h''
|/z̩˧h/
|/z̩˧h/
Line 1,076: Line 1,099:
|/i.eo̯/
|/i.eo̯/
|-
|-
|''ċ'n''
|
|/k͡ʇn/
|
|''ċ'ċn''
|
|/k͡!¡ŋ͡!¡/
|
! rowspan="2" |'ẓh'''<nowiki/>'''
! rowspan="2" |'ẓh'''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓh'''''<nowiki/>'''
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|-
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |ċnn
! rowspan="3" |
|''ċnn''
|
|/ŋ͡!¡ː/
|
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ'h'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ẓ'h'''''<nowiki/>'''
|/z̩˩h/
|/z̩˩h/
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|/ou̯a̯/
|/ou̯a̯/
|-
|-
|''ċn'n''
|
|/ŋ͡!¡n/
|
! rowspan="2" |ṛr
! rowspan="2" |ṛr
|''ṛr''
|''ṛr''
Line 1,104: Line 1,127:
|/o.ua̯/
|/o.ua̯/
|-
|-
|''ċ'nn''
|
|/k͡!¡nː/
|
|''ṛ'r''
|''ṛ'r''
|/ɾ̩ɾ/
|/ɾ̩ɾ/
Line 1,111: Line 1,134:
|/ou̯.a/
|/ou̯.a/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ĉn
! rowspan="2" |
|''ĉn''
|
|/ŋ͡ʇ/
|
! rowspan="2" |ĉĉn
! rowspan="2" |
|''ĉĉn''
|
|/k͡ǂːn/
|
! rowspan="2" |ŕr
! rowspan="2" |ŕr
|''ŕr''
|''ŕr''
Line 1,123: Line 1,146:
|/o.u.a/
|/o.u.a/
|-
|-
|''ĉ'n''
|
|/k͡ʇn/
|
|''ĉ'ĉn''
|
|/k͡ǂŋ͡ǂ/
|
|''ŕ'r''
|''ŕ'r''
|/ɾ̩˥ɾ/
|/ɾ̩˥ɾ/
Line 1,132: Line 1,155:
|-
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |ĉnn
! rowspan="3" |
|''ĉnn''
|
|/ŋ͡ǂː/
|
! rowspan="2" |ṙr
! rowspan="2" |ṙr
|''ṙr''
|''ṙr''
|/ʀ̩˧/
|/ʀ̩˧/
|-
|-
|''ĉn'n''
|
|/ŋ͡ǂn/
|
|''ṙ'r''
|''ṙ'r''
|/ɾ̩˧ɾ/
|/ɾ̩˧ɾ/
|-
|-
|''ĉ'nn''
|
|/k͡ǂnː/
|
! rowspan="2" |'ṛr'''<nowiki/>'''
! rowspan="2" |'ṛr'''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛr'''''<nowiki/>'''
|''<nowiki/>'ṛr'''''<nowiki/>'''
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Lanikel_orthography"