|
|
| Line 130: |
Line 130: |
| ==Morphology== | | ==Morphology== |
| ===Nouns=== | | ===Nouns=== |
| A major development in nouns is the complete loss of the definite forms, being replaced by the independent "hinn", which precedes the noun, triggering nasal mutation in some forms.
| | ====Masculines==== |
| ====Strong nouns====
| | ====Feminines==== |
| There are two strong neuter, three masculine, and three feminine declensions. The masculine and feminine each have an A, an I, and an R stem, after the defining difference in the nominative singular of the Proto-Germanic form.
| |
| | |
| Though the masculine a-stems tend for an -s genitive singular, and the i- and r-stems tend for -ar, there are many words that don't follow.
| |
| | |
| First to be shown will be the masculine patterns, then the feminines, and lastly the neuters, with several examples for each pattern. Take notice of how the case system is starting to collapse.
| |
| | |
| =====Masculines=====
| |
| =====Feminines=====
| |
| =====Neuters=====
| |
| ===Adjectives=== | | ===Adjectives=== |
| As with nouns, the definiteness distinction has been lost in adjectives, though it was lost far earlier than in nouns, this is attributed to the increasing reliance on the noun for definiteness. (Which itself too eventually fell to the use of "hi")
| |
|
| |
| ===Prepositions=== | | ===Prepositions=== |
| ===Verbs=== | | ===Verbs=== |
| Many significant changes have happened to the verb system since Old Norse, notably both the mood and voice distinctions have been lost. The active indicative has descended into the present and past tense, while the active subjunctive was lost entirely. The oppositive happened in the mediopassive, with the subjunctive becoming the future and stative, while the indicative was lost.
| |
|
| |
| The stative doesn't exist for every verb, but the forms are still displayed for convenience's sake.
| |
|
| |
| The original mediopassive indicative only remains in a small set of verbs acting as a reciprocal, typically physical actions taken towards others, like {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to fight"), {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to hit"), {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to embrace"), as well as a few abstract verbs, such as {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}} ("to love"). Otherwise it's been replaced by {{lang|snon|{{term|}}}}
| |
| ====Strong verbs====
| |
| Strong verbs have survived rather well into Scots Norse, at times weak verbs have been made strong (though the opposite has also happened).
| |
| =====Class 1=====
| |
| =====Class 2=====
| |
| =====Class 3=====
| |
| =====Class 4=====
| |
| =====Class 5=====
| |
| =====Class 6=====
| |
| =====Class 7=====
| |
| ====Weak verbs====
| |
| =====Class 1=====
| |
| The original distinction between "heavy" and "light" stems has long been lost in Scots Norse, the distinction between them having either been leveled out or sound changes led to its loss.
| |
|
| |
| =====Class 2=====
| |
| =====Class 3=====
| |
| ====Suppletive verbs====
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Syntax== | | ==Syntax== |