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| =====Diphtongues===== | | =====Diphtongues===== |
| They have been described as diphtongues, but should rather be analyzed as combinations of vowels and approximants. There are three different approximants : /j/, /w/ and /ɥ/, which only appear in a limited number of cases. | | They have been described as diphtongues, but should rather be analyzed as combinations of vowels and approximants. There are three different approximants : /j/, /w/ and /ɥ/, which only appear in a limited number of cases. |
| *Diphtongues /j/ + vowel : | | *Diphtongues /j/ + vowel are written with a <I, i> followed by a vowel. |
| They are usually written with a <I, i> followed by a vowel. There is a list of accepted spellings where <I, i> stands for /j/ :
| | *Diphtongues vowel + /j/ are written with a <Ü, ü> preceded by a vowel. |
| <poem>
| | *Diphtongues with /w/ are usually with a <O, o>, either followed or preceded by a vowel. |
| <Ia, ia> [ja]
| | *Diphtongues with /ɥ/ are written with a <U, u>, either followed or preceded by a vowel. |
| <Ie, ie> [jə]
| | |
| <Iç, iç> [je]
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| <Iù, iù> [jœ]
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| <Iÿ, iÿ> [jɛ]
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| <Io, io> [jo] or [jɔ]
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| <Iu, iu> [jy]
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| <Iô, iô> [jo]
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| <Iä, iä> [jɑ̃]
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| <Ià, ià> [jɔ̃]
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| <Ié, ié> [jɛ̃]
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| <Iè, iè> [jœ̃]
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| <Ii, ii> [ji]
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| <Iou, iou> [ju]
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| <Ieu, ieu> [jø]
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| </poem>
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| However, there are a few exceptions :
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| <poem>
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| ÜÃ, üã [ja]
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| ÜÕ, üõ [jo]
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| </poem>
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| *Diphtongues vowel + /j/ : | |
| They are usually written with a <Ü, ü> preceded by a vowel. There is a list of accepted spellings where <Ü, ü> stands for /j/ (minus the exceptions above) :
| |
| <poem>
| |
| <AÜ, aü> [aj]
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| <EÜ, eü> [əj]
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| <EÜ, çü> [ej]
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| <EÜ, ùü> [œj]
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| <EÜ, ÿü> [ɛj]
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| <OÜ, oü> [oj] or [ɔj]
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| <UÜ, uü> [yj]
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| <ÔÜ, ôü> [oj]
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| <ÄÜ, äü> [aɑ̃j]
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| <ÄÜ, àü> [ɔ̃j]
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| <ÄÜ, éü> [ɛ̃j]
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| <ÄÜ, èü> [œ̃j]
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| <ÃÜ, ãü> [aj]
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| <ÕÜ, õü> [oj]
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| <EUÜ, euü> [øj]
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| </poem>
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| There are also a few exceptions :
| |
| <poem>
| |
| EÎ, eî [əj]
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| EÎ, çî [ej]
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| EÎ, ùî [œj]
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| EÎ, ÿî [ɛj]
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| IÎ, iî [ij]
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| </poem>
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| *Diphtongues with /w/ : | |
| These are usually written with a <O, o>, either followed or preceded by a vowel. There is a list of accepted spellings where <O, o> stands for /w/ :
| |
| <poem>
| |
| <Oa, oa> [wa]
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| <Oe, oe> [wə]
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| <Oç, oç> [we]
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| <Où, où> [wœ]
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| <Oÿ, oÿ> [wɛ]
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| <Oo, oo> [wo] or [wɔ]
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| <Oy, oy> [wy]
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| <Oô, oô> [wo]
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| <Oä, oä> [wɑ̃]
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| <Oà, oà> [wɔ̃]
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| <Oé, oé> [wɛ̃]
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| <Oè, oè> [wœ̃] (This one was described as [wœ̃] already in the original documentation (instead of expected [wæ̃] and has therefore cast some doubt on the identification of vowels /ø/, /œ/ and /œ̃/.)
| |
| <Oi, oi> [wi]
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| <Oeu, oeu> [wø]
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| And reciprocally (<Ao, ao> [aw]... etc).
| |
| </poem>
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| There are however a few exceptions :
| |
| <poem> | |
| <Io, io> is ambiguous and can denote either /iw/ or /jo/
| |
| <Oi, oi> is ambiguous and can denote either /i/ or /wi/
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| <Oe, oe> is ambiguous and can denote either /wə/ or /ø/
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| <OU/Ou, ou> always denotes /u/ (/wy/ is denoted <Oy, oy> instead).
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| </poem>
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| *Diphtongues with /ɥ/ :
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| <poem>
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| UÎ, uî [ɥi]
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| Ui, ui [ɥi]
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| Ua, ua [ɥa]
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| Uç, uç [ɥe]
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| Uÿ, uÿ [ɥɛ]
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| </poem>
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| =====Triphtongues===== | | =====Triphtongues===== |
| They should also be analyzed as combinations of approximant + vowel + approximant. Besides using <I, i> and <O, o> or even <Ü, ü> and <U, u>, there is a handful of special spellings that denote such "triphtongues" : | | They should also be analyzed as combinations of approximant + vowel + approximant. Besides using <I, i> and <O, o> or even <Ü, ü> and <U, u>, there is a handful of special spellings that denote such "triphtongues" : |