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TolsienO: Difference between revisions

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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
===Nouns===
====Gender====
There are two genders : masculine and feminine. Canonically, a neuter gender also existed, but has been absorbed by the masculine and the feminine. Gender is usually indicated with so-called thematic vowels, in the ending of a noun : the masculine has the thematic vowels -o- and -e-, although the latter is mostly found in adjectives (which agree in number and gender with the noun they qualify) ; the feminine has the thematic vowel -a-.


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
====Number====
There are two numbers : singular and plural. The plural of a noun is usally built by adding the suffix -c, pronounced /s/ after a vowel but with no phonetic realization after a consonant.


Nouns
===Adjectives===
Adjectives
Adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they qualify. However, most adjectives also have a plural neuter form with thematic vowel -i- when qualifying several nouns of different genders.
Verbs
Adverbs
Particles
Derivational morphology


-->
===Verbs===
There are three verbal groups in TolsienO : group A includes verbs whose stem form ends in a consonant, group B those whose stem ends in a vowel, and group C verbs that are inherited from Latin. Verbs from groups A and B have an infinitive in -ƃ, while the infinitive of verbs from the group C is usually in -ar or -ir. Verbs are conjugated for mood, tense, and person. There are seven persons : first, second and third person, in both the singular and the plural, as well as a second person of politeness. There are four moods : indicative, absolute (gnomic), conditional and subjunctive.
 
====Indicative Mood====
The indicative mood has four tenses : present, imperfect past, perfect past and future.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Present
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -a || - || -a
|-
| 2SG || -ac || -c || -ac
|-
| 3SG || -at || -t || -at
|-
| 1PL || -amw || -m || -mwc
|-
| 2PL || -atc || -tc || -tic
|-
| 3PL || -an || -n || -na
|-
| 2POL || -e || -e || -e
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Imperfect past
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -ta || -t || -ta
|-
| 2SG || -tac || -tc || -tac
|-
| 3SG || -tat || -ŧ || -tat
|-
| 1PL || -tamw || -tm || -tamo
|-
| 2PL || -tatc || -ŧc || -tati
|-
| 3PL || -tan || -tn || -tana
|-
| 2POL || -te || -te || -te
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Perfect past
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -fa || -f || -fa
|-
| 2SG || -fac || -fc || -fac
|-
| 3SG || -fat || -ft || -fat
|-
| 1PL || -famw || -fmw || -famo
|-
| 2PL || -fatc || -ftc || -fati
|-
| 3PL || -fan || -fn || -fana
|-
| 2POL || -fe || -fe || -fe
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Future
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -ra || -r || -ra
|-
| 2SG || -rac || -rc || -rac
|-
| 3SG || -rat || -rt || -rat
|-
| 1PL || -ramw || -rm || -ramo
|-
| 2PL || -ratc || -rtc || -rati
|-
| 3PL || -ran || -rn  || -rana
|-
| 2POL || -re || -re || -re
|}
 
====Absolute (gnomic)====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Absolute
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -yh || -yh || -y
|-
| 2SG || -ys || -ys || -yc
|-
| 3SG || -yŧ || -yŧ || -yt
|-
| 1PL || -yƥ || -yƥ || -yf
|-
| 2PL || -yƶ̆<sup>1</sup> || -yƶ̆<sup>1</sup> || -yz
|-
| 3PL || -yƿ || -yƿ || -yn
|-
| 2POL || -yƶ || -yƶ || -yœ
|}
====Conditional====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Present
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -o || -o || -o
|-
| 2SG || -oc || -oc || -oc
|-
| 3SG || -ot || -ot || -ot
|-
| 1PL || -omw || -omwc || -omwc
|-
| 2PL || -otc || -otic || -otic
|-
| 3PL || -on || -ona || -ona
|-
| 2POL || -o͠e || -o͠e || -o͠e
|}
====Subjunctive====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Present
|-
! Person !! Group A !! Group B !! Group C
|-
| 1SG || -ko || -ko || -ko
|-
| 2SG || -koc || -kc || -koc
|-
| 3SG || -kot || -kt || -kot
|-
| 1PL || -komw || -km || -komwc
|-
| 2PL || -kotc  || -ktc || -kotic
|-
| 3PL || -kon || -kn || -kona
|-
| 2POL || -ke || -ke || -ke
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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