Esilien: Difference between revisions

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 ==Verbs==
+Esilienskú verbs are divided into two major classes: '''strong verbs''' and '''weak verbs'''. The distinction is primarily morphological and phonological rather than syntactic. Verbs do not agree with their subject in person or number, and pronouns remain invariant across verbal constructions.
+A small set of verbs is classified as weak and exhibits limited irregular morphology. All remaining verbs are considered strong.
+===Strong verbs===
+Strong verbs form the productive verbal class in Esilienskú. They are typically characterized by consonant-final roots and do not take a dedicated past tense suffix. Instead, tense is indicated through internal vowel change and auxiliary constructions.
+'''Phonological constraints:'''
+* Strong verbs typically begin and end in a consonant
+* Primary stress falls on the first vowel of the root
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Conjugation
+! Tense !! Form
+|-
+! Present
+| root
+|-
+! Progressive
+| root + '''-an'''
+|-
+! Past
+| vowel mutation (first stressed vowel → '''ö''')
+|-
+! Future
+| '''mun''' + root
+|-
+! Participle
+| root + '''-ur'''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Example conjugation: strák (“to kick”)
+! Tense !! Form !! Translation
+|-
+! Present
+| Es strák || “I kick”
+|-
+! Progressive
+| Es er strákan || “I am kicking”
+|-
+! Past
+| Es strök || “I kicked”
+|-
+! Future
+| Es mun strák || “I will kick”
+|-
+! Participle
+| Strákur || “kicked / kicking (formative)”
+|}
+===Weak verbs===
+Weak verbs form a closed and limited class in Esilienskú. They are typically stative in meaning and always end in a vowel in their root form.
+'''Phonological constraints:'''
+* Weak verbs always end in a vowel
+* Many express states, existence, possession, or perception
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Conjugation
+! Tense !! Form
+|-
+! Present
+| root
+|-
+! Past
+| root + '''-t'''
+|-
+! Future
+| '''mun''' + root
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Example conjugation: lífa (“to live”)
+! Tense !! Form !! Translation
+|-
+! Present
+| Es lífa hérnar || “I live here”
+|-
+! Past
+| Es lífat hérnar || “I lived here”
+|-
+! Future
+| Es mun lífa hér || “I will live here”
+|-
+! Participle
+| lífað lífi || “lived life”
+|}
+'''Weak verb inventory (closed class)'''
+The following verbs are classified as weak:
+* '''áð lífa''' — to live
+* '''áð vera''' — to be
+* '''áð hafa''' — to have
+* '''áð úrniðí''' — to consist of / be made of
+* '''áð veita''' — to know
+* '''áð viðfasti''' — to appear as / seem
+All other verbs in Esilienskú are considered strong by default.
+===Mood===
+Esilienskú distinguishes a conditional mood through the use of the auxiliary '''mundí''', historically related to the future auxiliary mun. The conditional is formed analytically and does not require modification of the lexical verb.
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Mood constructions
+! Mood !! Construction
+|-
+! Future
+| '''mun''' + root
+|-
+! Conditional
+| '''mundí''' + root
+|}
+'''Examples:'''
+*'''Es mun strák.''' ("I will kick.")
+*'''Es mundí strák.''' ("I would kick.")
+*'''Es mundí lífa hérnar''' ("I would live here.")
+The conditional construction is used for hypothetical, counterfactual, and polite speculative statements.
+===Modal verbs===
+Esilienskú employs a small set of modal verbs which precede the lexical verb and remain uninflected for person and number.
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
+|+ Modal verbs
+! Modal !! Meaning
+|-
+! get
+| can
+|-
+! gaittí
+| could, may, might
+|-
+! stavandí
+| must
+|-
+! skalka
+| shall
+|-
+! skaittí
+| should
+|-
+! mun
+| will
+|-
+! mundí
+| would
+|}
+'''Examples:'''
+*'''Es get strák.''' ("I can kick.")
+*'''Es gaittí strák.''' ("I could kick.")
+*'''Es gaittí lífa hérnar.''' ("I may live here.")
+*'''Es stavandí fara.''' ("I must go.")
+*'''Es skalka fara.''' ("I shall go.")
+*'''Es skaittí fara.''' ("I should go.")
+*'''Es mun fara.''' ("I will go.")
+*'''Es mundí fara.''' ("I would go.")
 ==Pronouns==
 ==Compounding==