Middle Wiebian: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the ancestor language of [[Reber Wiebian|Reber]], [[Zwehrer]] and [[Gaufian|Gauf Wiebian]] lects.
==Introduction==
==Orthography==
Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.
:''See also: [[Wiebian/Script]].''


==Historical phonology==
==Sound changes==
===AW inventory===
AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/
<poem>
Ancient Wiebian:
i iː ʉ ʉː u uː
e eː ə ɵː o oː
ɛ ɔː
ɐ aː
aʊ ɵɪ aɪ iɐ ʉɐ uɐ


</poem>
æ, ä, ɒ, i, y, u, ɪ, ʏ, ʊ, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æʊ, ɔɪ, ɛɪ, œʏ, ɔʊ, iɻ, yɻ, uɻ, ɛɻ/œɻ, ɔɻ, äɻ > jæ, æ, ɑ, ji, ju, u, je, jə, wə, jə, ə, ə, jɑ, we, e, jwe, ow, jiə, jwa, wa, jow, ow, ɑ
 
===Sound changes===
====AW > Pre-OZw====
*Vʀɐ > Vɐ
*ɪɐ iːɐ > iɐ, ʏɐ yːɐ > yɐ, ʊɐ uːɐ > uɐ, aɐ a:ɐ > aɐ
Some Philly-style changes:
*ai > əi / _(voiceless) (after AV)
*au >  əʊ / _(voiceless)
*ɔʏ >  əʏ / _(voiceless)
*əl > ʊ in unstressed syllables
 
====Initial changes====
*ts > s
*Cv > Cw
*Pr Br Fr r > ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ
=====Aspiration=====
*sp/pf sb st sd sʈ sɖ s! sg! sk sg > pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ ʈʰ ɖʰ !ʰ g!ʰ kʰ gʰ
*sv sz > wʰ s
*sm sn > mʰ nʰ
 
=====Séimhiú=====
*Vp Vb Vt Vd Vʈ Vɖ V! Vg! Vk Vg > f v θ ð ʂ ʐ ɧ ɧ̬ x ɣ
*Vf Vv Vs Vz > ʔ ɦ h ɦ
*Vm Vl > v j
*aspirated consonants mutate the same as non-aspirated ones, except: mʰ > wʰ, nʰ > nʰ, lʰ > wʰ, wʰ > wʰ
 
=====Urú=====
*np nb nt nd nʈ nɖ n! ng! nk ng > b m d n ɖ ɳ g! ŋ! g ŋ
*nf ns nɧ > v z ɧ̬
*nsm nsn > m n
*nsp nst nsʈ ns! (nsk) > mʰ nʰ ɳʰ ŋʰ! ŋʰ
*nsl > l
=====Pharyngealization split=====
*Cl, Cʀ > Cˁ
*s-ʀ > hˁ, ʀ > ʔˁ
 
=====Other changes=====
*v > w
 
====Pre-OZw > OZw====
*a aː > æ æː
*ɛ i ɔ u œ y > æ e ɑ o æ ø / _Cɐ
*ɛː eː iː ɔː oː øː uː yː > ɛː eː ɔː œː oː øː / _Cɐ
*a e i ø y > ɔ ø y o u / _Cʊ
*aː ɛː eː iː ɔː øː yː> ɔː œː øː yː oː oː uː / _Cʊ
*final ɐ, ʊ lost
*ai aw ay > eː oː øː
*iɐ̯ > iːa
*uɐ̯ > uːa
*yɐ̯ > yːa
*œɐ̯ > œː
*aɐ̯ > æː
*ˁæ ˁe ˁi ˁo ˁø ˁu ˁy > ˁɑ ˁæ ˁe ˁɑ ˁæ ˁo ˁø
*ˁæː ˁeː ˁiː ˁoː ˁøː ˁuː ˁyː > ˁɑː ˁay ˁey ˁaw ˁoy ˁow ˁoy
*ˁaɐ̯ > ˁaː > ˁɑː
*eː iː oː uː øː yː > iː ai uː aw yː oy (GVS)
*əa > əː
*əi əu əy (both pharyngealized and unpharyngealized) > iː uː yː
 
====AW > OZw finals====
*cluster ending in fricative > breathy tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
*cluster ending in plosive > glottalized tone, cluster lost w/ compensatory lengthening
*-w results from the first consonant in the final being a labial (unless final is single /-p/)
*-j results from /ç, ɧ/ as the first consonant


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Initials===
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|-
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials'''
! colspan="2"|
!colspan="2" |  
!Labial
! | Labial
!Alveolar
! | Coronal
!Click
! | Coarticulated
!Velar
! | Velar
!Uvular
! | Glottal
!Glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Nasal
!rowspan="2"| Nasal
! | <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
|/m̊/
| /m̊/  
|/n̊/
| /n̊/  
|/ŋ̊!/
| /ŋ̊!/  
|/ŋ̊/
| (/ŋ̊/)
|/ɴ̊/
|
|  
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
|/m/
| /m/  
|/n/
| /n/  
|/ŋǃ/
| /ŋ!/  
|/ŋ/
| /ŋ/  
|/ɴ/
|
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"|Stop
!rowspan="4" | Stop
! | <small>tenuis</small>
!<small>tenuis</small>
|/p/
| /p/  
|/t/
| /t/  
|/ǃ/
| /!/  
|/k/
| /k/  
|/q/  
| /ʔ/
|/ʔ/
|-
|-
! | <small>aspirated</small>
!<small>aspirated</small>
|/pʰ/
| /pʰ/  
|/tʰ/
| /tʰ/  
|/ǃʰ/
| /!ʰ/  
|/kʰ/
| /kʰ/  
|/qʰ/
|  
|
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
|/b/
| /b/  
|/d/
| /d/  
|/ɡǃ/
| /g!/  
|/ɡ/
| /g/  
|/ɢ/
|  
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Spirants
!<small>breathy voiced</small>
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| /bʱ/  
|/f/
| /dʱ/  
|/θ/
| /g!ʱ/
|/ɧ/
| /gʱ/  
|/x/
|  
|/χ/
|/h/
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
|
!<small>voiceless</small>
|/ð/
| /f/
|/ɧ̬/
| /s/  
|/ɣ/
| /ɧ/  
|/ʁ/
| /x/  
|
| /h/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Sibilants
!<small>voiced</small>
! | <small>voiceless</small>
|  
|
| /z/  
|/s/
| /ɧ̬/
|
| /ɣ/
|
|  
|
|
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
!colspan=2| Trill
|
|  
|/z/
| /r/  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"|Approximant
!colspan=2| Approximant
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| /w/, /ɥ/
|/ʍ/
| /l/
|/l̥/
|  
|
| /j/
|
|  
|
|
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
|/w/
|/l/
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "|
! &nbsp;
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front
! Front
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
! Central
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
! Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! Close
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
| /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/
|-
|  
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! Close-mid
| /i/
| /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/
| /iː/
| /y/
| /yː/
|
|
| /u/
| /uː/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| /e/
| /ɛː/
| /ø/
| /øː/
|  
|  
| /əː/
| /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/
| /o/
| /ɔː/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! Open
| /æ/
| /æː/
|
|
|  
|  
| /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/
|  
|  
| /ɑ/
| /ɑː/
|}
|}


Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa wa wo uːa ɥa ɥø yːa aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>


===Tones (allophonic)===
===Finals===
*(-p m)
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/
*(-p b)
 
*(-p g)
===Suprasegmentals===
*(+p m)
Each syllable could have two registers: plain (''a á'') and breathy (''à â'').
*(+p b)
*(+p g)


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
For ordinal numerals: ''Schmielke'' 'order' e.g. ''wahm Schmielke Hauer'' 'the first king' (or ''Zwind''? any relation to ''zweid'' 'walk'?)
===Mutations===
 
*/pʰ/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
==Phrasebook==
*/b/ <''b''> > /w/ /m/ /b/
''wahm, discher, narg, đauf, sälisch, stuhm, raut, lerz, pfarb, kier'':
*/p/ <''sp''> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
 
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
we:m (-p m), dej (-p b), ne:k (-p g), g!u: (-p b), zi: (-p b), tʰaum (-p m), ʔaut (+p g), lja: (-p b), pʰe:p (-p g), kaiɐ̯ (-p m)
*/m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
 
*/m̊/ <''sm''>
*/tʰ/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
*/t/ <''st''> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
*/s/ <''z''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/n/ <''n''> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
*/n̊/ <''sn''>
*/l/ <''l''>
*/l̥/ <''sl''>
*/r/ <''sr''>
*/r̥/ <''sr''>
*/!ʰ/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
*/!/ <''sŧ''> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/ŋ!/ <''nđ''> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊!/ <''snđ''> (in loanwords)
*/kʰ/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /k/
*/g/ <''g''> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <''n-g''> /gʰ/
*/ŋ/ <''ng''> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
*/ŋ̊/ <''sng''> (in loanwords)


{{List subpages|caption=Related pages with more information}}
===Tenses===
*Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
*Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O


[[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]]

Revision as of 22:10, 30 June 2016

Middle Wiebian
Wieb-Muts
Created byIlL
Quihum
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.

Sound changes

AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/

æ, ä, ɒ, i, y, u, ɪ, ʏ, ʊ, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æʊ, ɔɪ, ɛɪ, œʏ, ɔʊ, iɻ, yɻ, uɻ, ɛɻ/œɻ, ɔɻ, äɻ > jæ, æ, ɑ, ji, ju, u, je, jə, wə, jə, ə, ə, jɑ, we, e, jwe, ow, jiə, jwa, wa, jow, ow, ɑ

Phonology

Initials

Middle Wiebian initials
Labial Coronal Coarticulated Velar Glottal
Nasal voiceless /m̊/ /n̊/ /ŋ̊!/ (/ŋ̊/)
voiced /m/ /n/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ/
Stop tenuis /p/ /t/ /!/ /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /!ʰ/ /kʰ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /g!/ /g/
breathy voiced /bʱ/ /dʱ/ /g!ʱ/ /gʱ/
Fricative voiceless /f/ /s/ /ɧ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /z/ /ɧ̬/ /ɣ/
Trill /r/
Approximant /w/, /ɥ/ /l/ /j/

broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/

Vowels

  Front Central Back
Close /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/ /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/
Close-mid /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/ /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/
Open /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/

Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>

Finals

Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/

Suprasegmentals

Each syllable could have two registers: plain (a á) and breathy (à â).

Grammar

Mutations

  • /pʰ/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
  • /b/ <b> > /w/ /m/ /b/
  • /p/ <sp> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
  • /f/ <f> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
  • /m/ <m> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
  • /m̊/ <sm>
  • /tʰ/ <t> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
  • /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
  • /t/ <st> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
  • /s/ <z> > /h/ /z/ /s/
  • /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
  • /n/ <n> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
  • /n̊/ <sn>
  • /l/ <l>
  • /l̥/ <sl>
  • /r/ <sr>
  • /r̥/ <sr>
  • /!ʰ/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
  • /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
  • /!/ <sŧ> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
  • /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
  • /ŋ!/ <nđ> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
  • /ŋ̊!/ <snđ> (in loanwords)
  • /kʰ/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /k/
  • /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <n-g> /gʰ/
  • /ŋ/ <ng> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
  • /ŋ̊/ <sng> (in loanwords)

Tenses

  • Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
  • Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O
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