Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions
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! present subjunctive | ! present subjunctive | ||
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītъir'' || '' | | ''wrīta'' || ''wrītъir'' || ''wrītъi'' || ''wrītъim'' || ''wrītъid'' || ''wrītъin'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past indicative | ! past indicative | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! present indicative | ! present indicative | ||
| ''keusa'' || '' | | ''keusa'' || ''kiusьrь'' || ''kiusьþь'' || ''keusъmъ'' || ''kiusьd'' || ''keusъndь'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! present subjunctive | ! present subjunctive | ||
| '' | | ''keusa'' || ''keusъir'' || ''keusъi'' || ''keusъim'' || ''keusъid'' || ''keusъin'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past | ! past | ||
| '' | | ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kusъm'' || ''kusъd'' || ''kusъn'' | ||
|- | |||
! past subjunctive | |||
| ''kausi'' || ''kausir'' || ''kausi'' || ''kausim'' || ''kausid'' || ''kausin'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! imperative | ! imperative | ||
| ''-'' || '' | | ''-'' || ''keus!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''kiusьd!'' || ''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="7"| | !colspan="7"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! present participle | ! present participle | ||
|colspan="6"| '' | |colspan="6"| ''keusъnd'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! past participle | ! past participle |
Revision as of 22:38, 29 September 2016
Glommish/Old is the most recent common ancestor of Þiúdьsk and Ufirlandisg.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m m | n n | |||
Stop /Affricate |
voiceless | p p | t t | k c~k | |
voiced | b b | d d | g ɟ~g | ||
Fricative | f f~v | þ θ~ð | s s~z | h ç~x~h | |
Resonant | w ʋ | r r | l l | j j |
All consonants except *j can be allophonically palatalized before front vowels (*e *ē *ö *ȫ *i *ī *ü *ǖ *eu *iu). The palatalization is still allophonic in Glommish/Old but the allophonic palatalization may have been especially strong in k/g.
- -anz, -inz, -unz > -ąz, -įz, -ųz > -ār, -īr, -ūr
Vowels
a ā e ē ŭi i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu ъ ь /ɑ ɑː æ æː əi i iː ɔ ɔː œ œː u uː y yː au ɛu iu ə ĭ/
U-umlaut: a ā e ē i ī > o ō ö ȫ ü ǖ (from PGmc *a *ō/ā *e *ē *i *ī)
Vowel reflexes in stressed syllables:
a ā e ē ə̄ i ī o ō ö ȫ u ū ü ǖ au eu iu
Þiúd'sk: > a á ia/ie iá ý i í o ó ie ié iu iú i í ó ió iú
Ufirlandisg: > a ā ia(üe after w) iā(üē after w) ē(uō after w) i(ü after w) ī(ǖ after w) uo uō üe üē u ū ü ǖ au iau ieu
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
a-stem: wulfъ (m.) 'wolf' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | wulfъ | wulfa |
Genitive | wulfъs | wulfa |
Dative | wulfъi | wulfъmъ |
Instrumental | wulfa | wulfъmь |
a-stem: jukъ (m.) 'yoke' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | jukъ | juka |
Genitive | jukъs | juka |
Dative | jukъi | jukъmъ |
Instrumental | juka | jukъmь |
ō-stem: gefa (f.) 'gift' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | gefa | gefar |
Genitive | gefar | gefa |
Dative | gefai | gefamъ |
Instrumental | gefa | gefamь |
i-stem: gastь (m.) 'guest' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | gastь | gasti |
Genitive | gastьs | gastьja |
Dative | gasti | gastьmъ |
Instrumental | gasti | gastьmь |
i-stem: marь (n.) 'sea' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | marь | mari |
Genitive | marьs | marьja |
Dative | mari | marьmъ |
Instrumental | mari | marьmь |
u-stem: sunъ (m.) 'son' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | sunъ | sunir |
Genitive | sunor | sunьwa |
Dative | suni | sunъmъ |
Instrumental | sunu | sunъmь |
C-stem: burgь (f.) 'fortification' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | burgь | burgir |
Genitive | burgir | burga |
Dative | burgi | burgъmъ |
Instrumental | burgi | burgъmь |
z-stem: lambъ (m.) 'lamb' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | lambъ | lambьra |
Genitive | lambьrь | lambьra |
Dative | lambьrь | lambьrъmъ |
Instrumental | lambьre | lambьrъmь |
an-stem: auga (m.) 'eye' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | auga | augana |
Genitive | augьnь | augъna |
Dative | augьnь | augъmmъ |
Instrumental | augьne | augъmmь |
ōn-stem: harpa (f.) 'harp' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | harpa | harpanь |
Genitive | harpanь | harpana |
Dative | harpanь | harpamъ |
Instrumental | harpane | harpamь |
īn-stem: burþi (f.) 'birth' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | burþi | burþinь |
Genitive | burþinь | burþina |
Dative | burþinь | burþimъ |
Instrumental | burþine | burþimь |
r-stem: fader (m.) 'father' | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | fader | fadrь |
Genitive | fadъr | fadra |
Dative | fadrь | fadrъmъ |
Instrumental | fadre | fadrъmь |
Verbs
tense | ek | þū | ir/sī/it | wīr | jūr | ija |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present indicative | leufa | leufasь | leufaþь | leufamъ | leufaþ | leufanþь |
present subjunctive | leufa | leufas | leufa | leufam | leufaþ | leufan |
past indicative | leufada | leufader | leufade | leufadedъm | leufadedъd | leufadedъn |
past subjunctive | leufadedi | leufadedir | leufadedi | leufadedim | leufadedid | leufadedin |
imperative | - | leufa! | - | - | leufaþ! | - |
present participle | leufand | |||||
past participle | leufad |
tense | ek | þū | ir/sī/it | wīr | jūr | ija |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present indicative | hъilьja | hъilisь | hъiliþь | hъilimъ | hъiliþ | hъilinþь |
present subjunctive | hъilьja | hъilis | hъili | hъilim | hъiliþ | hъilin |
past indicative | hъilida | hъilider | hъilide | hъilidedъm | hъilidedъd | hъilidedъn |
past subjunctive | hъilidedi | hъilidedir | hъilidedi | hъilidedim | hъilidedid | hъilidedin |
imperative | - | hъili! | - | - | hъiliþ! | - |
present participle | hъilind | |||||
past participle | hъilьd |
tense | ek | þū | ir/sī/it | wīr | jūr | ija |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present indicative | wrīta | wrītьrь | wrītьdь | wrītъmъ | wrītьd | wrītъndь |
present subjunctive | wrīta | wrītъir | wrītъi | wrītъim | wrītъid | wrītъin |
past indicative | wrъit | wrъitst | wrъit | writъm | writъd | writъn |
past subjunctive | writi | writir | writi | writim | writid | writin |
imperative | - | wrīt! | - | - | wrītъd! | - |
present participle | wrītъnd | |||||
past participle | writъnъ |
tense | ek | þū | ir/sī/it | wīr | jūr | ija |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present indicative | keusa | kiusьrь | kiusьþь | keusъmъ | kiusьd | keusъndь |
present subjunctive | keusa | keusъir | keusъi | keusъim | keusъid | keusъin |
past | kaus | kaust | kaus | kusъm | kusъd | kusъn |
past subjunctive | kausi | kausir | kausi | kausim | kausid | kausin |
imperative | - | keus! | - | - | kiusьd! | - |
present participle | keusъnd | |||||
past participle | kuzen |