Tlu

Tlu (Tlu: kiʔ məchə̄tvaʔ guṇmaʔ 'the Tlu sound' or 'the Tlu language') is an ancient Mustlup language inspired by my oldest draft of Proto-Talmic. It evolves into Məbhótəḷ.

todo

• zoug (m) = "person"
• ṭunie (f) = "tree"
• ďəsmū (m) < ḱʼəsmū "woman"
• ʔəḷ < ʔəḷ "no, not"
• tī < tiwī "yes"
• sufnə (f) < suxʷnə "rain"
• seib (m) < səyb "snow"
• kuoṇḍaiḍ (m) < kʷuyṇḍayṭʼ "net"
• gai (f) < gay "east"
• chƛətum (f) < x̌ƛətum "west"
• pəsə (f) < pəṣə "south"
• ʔauʔāp (f) < ʔawʔākʷ "north"
• guṇma (m) < guṇma "sound, language"
• nīmə (m) < nīmə "water"
• sλəp (f) < sƛʼəp "land"
• chnousaṭ (f) < xnəwsaṭ "cloud"
• hi 'and'
• tāňi (m) < tāňi "house"
• sud (m) < sutʼ "man"
• σai (adj) < łaj "good"
• mugu (adj) < mukʼu "bad"
• vəjāz (adj) < wəjhāḍẓ "small"
• ʔaimu (v) < ʔaymu "eat"
• zə̄ŋauz (f) < tsʼə̄ŋawtsʼ "lightning"
• buoƛūf (intj) < buyƛūxʷ "hello! greetings!"
• qintais (m) < "film, screen"
• nuchsi (m) < nuxci 'hand'
• hei (intj) < qʼəy "Oh! Ah!"
• xʷłāləy > flāleiʔ (m) = spring
• gə̄gay > gə̄gaiʔ (m) = summer
• x̌īɭay > chīḷaiʔ (m) = autumn
• xʷnaw > fnauʔ (m) = winter

• kəːtsʼaː > kə̄zā- = blue
• ŋqʼəjuː > əŋŋəjū
• χpʼiw > chbie
• ɭɖiw > əḷḍie
• pɭəχɬig > pḷəchlig
• tʂajhawp > saihaup
• ʈajqʼiʂ > ṭaihis
• dzxʷaj > sfai
• tɬʼɲawŋip > λňauŋip
• tsuj > suo
• tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > zbibzaił
• tɬuːxʷtʼuː > ƛūfdū
• tɬʼu > λu
• gəw > gou
• ɟiː > ďī
• xʷaːtsʼɲəː > fāzňə̄
• qṭaumeiʔ > chṭaumeiʔ

qsamňuo ďə̄ sai fie hū schau sadijə̄ muo vī pchai bou ṭa ḷou buchou ťchə̄ṭāb zṇiepsai łaisəṭ łuchṭi panāch zoudū ʔidieb sie pouňuob ḷu būďīz əŋʔī za ƛauchkīb sgi hichsaim huŋei fŋieŋŋuo tuo fsīzie bīpchou zmaiṭcha chṇə ba ŋou ňī ḍuofďəƛ luťi suojau łei sə̄ zou ƛeizbouď əňchāƛmāḍ kə̄ buoḷə̄ łūknu kḍaďə̄ schā chuopḍei slī vaiṭṇə̄ snuo dbou souṇəz vəbeib gouchuḷ ňu pūntū tchai əṇsausied stabaiλ jāffīṭ əlsou pgaiheiʔ sachna tfə nałchuos ʔī əlsie sībī ňūdies guo ūtti zə̄sň­ə̄ň hu ʔei zuku huchduod bouhaun gemcheib tā hi miƛū mou hə̄ smie ňai ʔauppəʔ zai qṭaumeiʔ baiqī qəʔeib souhies ďū chiʔou ṇū əltaifsous ʔeitbā ʔuoʔə̄ʔ ʔə fuoffouṭ ki buo bou ʔūmə qū ʔie mau ʔə̄chpāb ṇā łai pṇīhə̄ zə̄ chlai łgouzīp dou λāsūs ḍou baimpai lə̄ ƛəňňu ťu łou beiλə ḍīzuoʔ zīʔuo bi ṭa sū ṇī klə̄ʔouḷ chie zi simie ʔai zu chougə̄ hīsau əlgə̄ chə̄suʔ qāvei paibīʔ pḍū fsuosiez ʔīfdə̄ λə̄chsī ʔachauf ḍubbai mā əlʔəqīʔ λḍeichḍāz łqeiḍaḷ ʔeibə̄ dachbaup chzū zu sbə bā sniefŋi łū viemied chdazzau buoʔūk łulqām ʔau kai λau ḷā hūvau chaubu ďibə̄ liebāň tlai zuchzauḍ buḍā pə̄mpieb sou hāmī chei łoubuo təʔū ʔałach pəfei əltou sū zna hā juopəg əŋməgzeich ʔuoṇḍū ƛəziḍ lə pouffī zau ŋə sa deichsouď ʔuchiej schīʔouz kłəzai jāpnəŋ guovə̄ chḷīłuk sū łāggād guonā lie bābūch gī ʔousə λṇei zī sāvū ta zmi ƛətpūs ənmei chi ḍie pu lieheich zu gissai λuƛuo sgou λəplai hietňei pie chḍə̄ pṭuo ƛā sei ŋeipu λū suosūs fə fouŋkauf fei əňďāňňūʔ biepau zāsai ənʔə̌ʔuʔ zūkā na ƛūŋŋaiq qā ʔie zouḷḷuol bī əňʔa mjusi ƛouṇṇou pikie sāṇṇei deizuo hachāʔ əňʔie ənnuomuo ʔauďāp ṭuŋmoul guṇma zāʔi hāŋŋa ṭu ʔə bu fou ʔouʔei gə̄ ʔəzə ʔīḷə̄s λə̄ chu misuʔ chou saiŋnə̄ sə̄ ʔau ŋə əŋmuosei łū gau ƛu gī əŋgāḷīb ʔī baiṇu hinmū hā ṭūbə pə̄ḍeig əlneinsaz mīgə ṭei ʔəlŋie hi ṭuogūλ əŋnə fie λī zie həsei əḷṇinzī veihāz λou vou belŋīch nou əmbə̄ zə̄ďau keichie tiebieď lulmauṭ mləqəʔ əlnuozou ənzaʔā ňou najə̄ʔ mi əmbailʔə̄p ənƛiṭuo łou ŋa pumbaud ʔaṭīλ ḍu bie bou ḍai ʔa ʔīgā əlŋei dou fāʔū mlilňie ḍuo əṇṭə zou vuḷu ʔəʔib suƛou kə̄ dāzie ṭə əḷḷie ṭə ḍūŋŋad ba mu ʔū qinsais ʔaunsaich ʔā zaiza zə̄ŋauz sū əmbau ʔailuň ʔaimmu zau fou ʔai əňťei bə̄kous suo əňňauʔu jeihāʔ əṇḍau λī hie chə jə əňňū λitouł pau ťuo łiʔie λai ňā hīňďəd vū piełať səduḷ λeimīf jai jīʔə̄ƛ ti ŋai sainə̄ch əlnei zī fə̄ʔəʔ ʔou dou əňňə chə̄mpəʔ dəḍā haiguo nūṭə̄ʔ ŋei di ʔə̄llub ňā die qei əlʔu əntievi qu əlʔa jaiďəʔ ŋaiňaiʔ zī ənzəʔaip ṭuo zāŋkuď jeiṭauḍ feiňňūd əṇsuo λuombīb vu mŋīzāp mňūsiʔ

Phonology

Consonants

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ p t tɬ ʈ c k q ʔ b d dɮ ɖ ɟ g f s̠ ɬ x h z̠ ɮ ʋ l ɭ j/ ⟨m n ṇ ñ ŋ p t ƛ ṭ ť k q ʔ b d λ ḍ ď g f s σ ch h z ʒ v l ḷ j⟩

Vowels

/i iː u uː æ æː ɑ ɑː ai au ei eu ie uo/ ⟨i ī u ū e ē a ā ai au ei eu ie uo⟩

Prosody

Stress

Stress falls on the first heavy (CV̄, CVV or CVC) syllable, if it is not the final syllable. If no syllables are long, the first syllable is stressed.

Morphology

Pronouns

• 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl: sƛī, ŋə̄, bəʔ, bau, zas, chau, bəbuo, bəbəv

Nouns

Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do not take a plural form.

chnousaṭ - 'cloud'
Number→ State↓	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	chnousaṭ	chəchnousaṭ
1sg possessor	łichnousaṭ	łichəchnousaṭ
2sg possessor	ŋəchnousaṭ	ŋəchəchnousaṭ
3sg.m possessor	səchnousaṭ	səchnousaṭ
3sg.f possessor	sūchnousaṭ	sūchəchnousaṭ
1pl possessor	zdəchnousaṭ	zdəchəchnousaṭ
2pl possessor	hauchnousaṭ	hauchəchnousaṭ
3pl.m possessor	səŋchnousaṭ	səŋchəchnousaṭ
3pl.f possessor	səstchnousaṭ	səstchəchnousaṭ

mich sud sə·tətāňi

DEF-ACC man 3SG-PL-house

the man's houses

Adjectives

Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.

zviṭ 'big' (masculine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	zviṭ	zviṭuo
Object	zviṭəʔ	zviṭəŋ

zviṭ 'big' (feminine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	zviṭəʔ	zviṭə̄b
Object	zviṭə̄	zviṭə̄ŋ

The definite article inflects as follows:

ki 'definite article' (masculine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ki	kuo
Object	kiʔ	kiŋ

ki 'definite article' (feminine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kəʔ	kə̄b
Object	kie	kə̄st

Verbs

• vimaḷch = I sit
• ŋəmaḷch = you sit
• ʔəmaḷch = he sits
• ʔūmaḷch = she sits
• zamaḷch = we sit
• chamaḷch = you people sit
• ʔəmmaḷch = they sit

• sīk vimaḷch = I do not sit

Numerals

Tlu uses a base-12 numeral system. Numerals are indeclinable.

• 1: seiďu /ˈseiɟu/
• 2: bli /bli/
• 3: sqā /sqaː/
• 4: māvi /ˈmaːʋi/
• 5: paiku /ˈpaiku/
• 6: ə̄ƛich /ˈəːtɬix/
• 7: zətə̄ /ˈzətəː/
• 8: baŋud /ˈbaŋud/
• 9: ďavuň /ˈɟaʋuɲ/
• 10: fqāchṭī /ˈfqaːxʈiː/
• 11: bə̄zie /ˈbəːzie/
• 12: zie /zie/
• 144: ʔənƛə̄ḷ
• 1728: chapkit

The ordinal numbers are adjectives:

• 1: ləʔtmu
• 2: ləʔbli
• 3: ləʔsqā

etc.