Neck Thai: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="2"|Approximant | ! colspan="2"|Approximant | ||
| '''w''' /ʋ/ | | '''w''' /ʋ/ | ||
| | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
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| '''j''' /j/ | | '''j''' /j/ | ||
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! colspan="2" |Liquid | ! colspan="2" |Liquid | ||
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| ''' | | '''r''' /r/ | ||
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Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, !xr, ǃxhr, kl, khl, kr, khr, kw, khw''' | Allowed initial clusters: '''pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, !xr, ǃxhr, kl, khl, kr, khr, kw, khw''' | ||
/pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged | Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ]. | ||
====Finals==== | ====Finals==== | ||
Revision as of 05:18, 7 December 2016
| Neck Thai | |
|---|---|
| Nékthijʔ dòai | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [/nék.tʰăj ɗɔ̀ːj/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Hussmauch |
| Native speakers | 20 million (2200 v.C.) |
Neck Thai (native name dòai Nék-thijʔ /ɗɔ̀ːj nék.tʰăj/) is a Tie–Dye language with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neck Thailand (Nékthijmien)
Diachronics
Proto-Tie to Proto-Neckic
Proto-Neckic to Old Neck Thai
Old Neck Thai to Modern Neck Thai
Phonology
Consonants
Initials
| Labial | Alveolar | Click | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nǃx /ŋǃ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | ǃx /ǃ/ | tj /tɕ/ | k /k/ | /ʔ/ | |
| aspirated | ph /pʰ/ | th /tʰ/ | ǃxh /ǃʰ/ | tjh /tɕʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | |||
| implosive | b /ɓ~b/ | d /ɗ~d/ | ||||||
| Fricative | v /f/ | z /s/ | sch /ɧ/ | g /x/ | h /h/ | |||
| Approximant | w /ʋ/ | l /l/ | j /j/ | |||||
| Liquid | r /r/ | |||||||
Allowed initial clusters: pl, phl, pr, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, !xr, ǃxhr, kl, khl, kr, khr, kw, khw
Some dialects pronounce /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] - in these dialects, /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/ and /kʀ kʰʀ/ are merged, and /ǃʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ].
Finals
| Labial | Alveolar | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ng [ŋ] | ||
| Plosive | p [p̚] | t [t̚] | k [k̚] | ' [ʔ] | |
| App. | (uw [w]) | l [l] | (i [j]) | ||
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i /i/ | ie /iː/ | u /ʉ/ | uu /ʉː/ | œ /u/ | oe /uː/ |
| Close-mid | e /e/ | ee /eː/ | eo /ə/ | eu /ɵː/ | o /o/ | oo /oː/ |
| Open-mid | æ /ɛ/ | ae /ɛː/ | ọ /ɔ/ | oa /ɔː/ | ||
| Open | a /ɐ/ | aa /aː/ | ||||
Diphthongs
| Long | Short | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Neck Thai | IPA | Neck Thai | IPA |
| aai | /aːj/ | ij | /aj/ |
| aauw | /aːw/ | ou | /aw/ |
| ia | /iːɐ/ | ia' | /iɐʔ/ |
| – | – | ieuw | /iw/ |
| oea | /uːɐ/ | oea' | /uɐʔ/ |
| oei | /uːj/ | œi | /uj/ |
| eeuw | /eːw/ | euw | /ew/ |
| aeuw | /ɛːw/ | – | – |
| ua | /ʉːɐ/ | ua' | /ʉɐʔ/ |
| eui | /ɵːj/ | ui | /ɵj/ |
| oai | /ɔːj/ | – | – |
| ooi | /oːj/ | oi | /oj/ |
Triphthongs
| Neck Thai | IPA |
|---|---|
| iauw | /iaw/ |
| oeai | /uaj/ |
| uai | /ʉaj/ |
Tones
Standard Neck Thai uses 5 tones.
- Mid: raa /ʀāː/ [ʀaː˧] 'easy'
- Low: ràa /ʀàː/ [ʀaː˨˩] 'loud'
- Falling: râa /ʀâː/ [ʀaː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
- High: ráa /ʀáː/ [ʀaː˥] 'white'
- Rising: raaʔ /ʀǎː/ [ʀaː˨˩˦] 'vase'
Orthography
Grammar
Pronouns
- I: khôet
- thou: òeng
- we: ngàe
Loanwords
Many Neck Thai words are Wiebian loanwords which come from all stages of Wiebian, Ancient Wiebian to modern lects. Tergetian and Whetmer are also significant sources of loanwords.
Loanwords from Ancient Wiebian:
- hét 'queen, lady' (< Ancient Wiebian Heste /ˈhɛstə/ 'wife')
Loanwords from Tergetian:
- !xheeuwʔ 'chalice' (< Tergetian ŧèabh)
Numbers
uum - 0
tjhanʔ - 1
ijʔ - 2
vòet - 3
gâai - 4
zèng - 5
!xìet - 6
vae - 7
nôea - 8
ngîat - 9
ràat - 10
jæ̂ng - 100