Tsimulh languages/Lexicon: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | ||
| | | m | ||
| | | n | ||
| | |||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="" |Plosive | ! rowspan="3" style="" |Plosive | ||
! |<small>tenuis</small> | ! |<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| | | p | ||
| | | t | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | k | ||
| | | kʷ | ||
| | | ʔ | ||
| | | ʔʷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |<small> | ! |<small>breathy voiced</small> | ||
| | | bʰ | ||
| | | dʰ | ||
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| | | | ||
| ( | | (gʰ) | ||
| | | gʷʰ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! |<small>ejective</small> | ! |<small>ejective</small> | ||
| | | pʼ | ||
| | | tʼ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | kʼ | ||
| | | kʷʼ | ||
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! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative | ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative | ||
| | | | ||
| | | s | ||
| | | ł | ||
| | | ś | ||
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! |<small>tenuis</small> | ! |<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | c | ||
| | | ƛ | ||
| | | ć | ||
| | |||
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|- | |- | ||
! |<small> | ! |<small>breathy voiced</small> | ||
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| | | ʒʰ | ||
| | | λʰ | ||
| | | ʒ́ʰ | ||
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! |<small>ejective</small> | ! |<small>ejective</small> | ||
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| | | cʼ | ||
| | | ƛʼ | ||
| | | ćʼ | ||
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| | | l | ||
| | | y | ||
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| w | |||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
Revision as of 05:54, 11 January 2017
Phonology
Consonants
Tsimulh languages/Lexicon changes the voiced series of Proto-Quihum into the aspirated series and loses the velar-uvular distinction in dorsal stops.
Tsimulh languages/Lexicon uses about 30 consonant phonemes. The null initial is pronounced [h]. Two vowels that come in hiatus with each other may be separated by [ɦ].
| Consonants | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
| central | lateral | plain | labialized | plain | labialized | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | kʷ | ʔ | ʔʷ | ||
| breathy voiced | bʰ | dʰ | (gʰ) | gʷʰ | |||||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | |||||
| Fricative | s | ł | ś | [h~ɦ] | |||||
| Affricate | tenuis | c | ƛ | ć | |||||
| breathy voiced | ʒʰ | λʰ | ʒ́ʰ | ||||||
| ejective | cʼ | ƛʼ | ćʼ | ||||||
| Approximant | l | y | w | ||||||
- Notes
- g /kʰ/ is quite rare.
Phonotactics
A word may not end in a consonant cluster; usually an epenthetic vowel i is inserted to resolve a consonant cluster. Word-final aspirated plosives are also disallowed.
Word-initial b, p or ph is only found in loanwords - in word initial position these phonemes were converted respectively to u /w/, u /w/ and hu /ʔʷ/.
Vowels
Tsimulh languages/Lexicon has five short and long monophthongs. There are no diphthongs.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ ī /iː/ | u /u/ ū /uː/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ ē /eː/ | o /o/ ō /oː/ | |
| Open | a /a/ ā /aː/ |
Stress
Tsimulh languages/Lexicon has penultimate stress like Classical Nahuatl.