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'''Roshterian''' /rɒʃˈtɛriən/ ('' | '''Roshterian''' /rɒʃˈtɛriən/ (''erhbaeroshtherim'' 'The Roshterian language') is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] spoken in East Cuadhlabh. It is head-initial and polysynthetic. | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
*1: ''pêm'' | *1: ''pêm'' | ||
*2: ''tiłuar'' | *2: ''tiłuar'' | ||
*3: '' | *3: ''narhg'' | ||
*4: ''lôb'' | *4: ''lôb'' | ||
*5: ''selił'' | *5: ''selił'' | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
*7: ''ruad'' | *7: ''ruad'' | ||
*8: ''lored'' | *8: ''lored'' | ||
*9: '' | *9: ''barh'' | ||
*10: ''ghîr'' | *10: ''ghîr'' | ||
*12: ''naes'' | *12: ''naes'' | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
| '''r''' /r/ | | '''r''' /r/ | ||
| '''l''' /l/ | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
|colspan="2"| ''' | |colspan="2"| '''rh''' /ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''gh''' /ʁ/ | | '''gh''' /ʁ/ | ||
| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
==Sound changes== | ==Sound changes== | ||
*{{recon|ā}} > ''ia'' ({{recon|nā}} > ''nia'' 'I'); {{recon|ō}} > ''ua''; {{recon|au}} > ô; {{recon|ou}} > ''û''; {{recon|ū}} > ''î'' | *{{recon|ā}} > ''ia'' ({{recon|nā}} > ''nia'' 'I'); {{recon|ō}} > ''ua''; {{recon|au}} > ô; {{recon|ou}} > ''û''; {{recon|ū}} > ''î'' | ||
*{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''sh''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > '' | *{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''sh''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''rh'' | ||
*{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''nh, th, dh, sh, łh, zh, zh'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/ | *{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''nh, th, dh, sh, łh, zh, zh'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/ | ||
*{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > '' | *{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''rh-, m-, nh-'' | ||
*{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''f-, | *{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''f-, rh-, sh-'' | ||
*{{recon|st, sk}} > ''th-/shth, sc'' ({{recon|bastom}} > ''bashtho'' 'king' ~ Tíogall ''bast'' 'head') | *{{recon|st, sk}} > ''th-/shth, sc'' ({{recon|bastom}} > ''bashtho'' 'king' ~ Tíogall ''bast'' 'head') | ||
*{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > '' | *{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''rhb, rhdh, rhg'' ({{recon|nasge}} > ''narhg'' '3') | ||
*{{recon|φn, tn, φl, tl}} > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/ | *{{recon|φn, tn, φl, tl}} > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/ | ||
*{{recon|kt, qt}} > /jt, :ʈ/ ({{recon|tektə}} > ''teit'' /teit/ 'child', {{recon|neqtə}} > ''nêth'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud') | *{{recon|kt, qt}} > /jt, :ʈ/ ({{recon|tektə}} > ''teit'' /teit/ 'child', {{recon|neqtə}} > ''nêth'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud') | ||
Revision as of 03:28, 18 February 2017
Roshterian /rɒʃˈtɛriən/ (erhbaeroshtherim 'The Roshterian language') is a Talmic language spoken in East Cuadhlabh. It is head-initial and polysynthetic.
Numbers
- 1: pêm
- 2: tiłuar
- 3: narhg
- 4: lôb
- 5: selił
- 6: thiam
- 7: ruad
- 8: lored
- 9: barh
- 10: ghîr
- 12: naes
Phonology
Among Talmic languages, Roshterian is notable for having retroflex consonants and multiple liquids.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | central | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | nh /ɳ/ | [ŋ] | [ɴ] | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | th /ʈ/ | c /k/ | q /q/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | dh /ɖ/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Continuant | voiceless | (f /f/?) | s /s/ | ł /ɬ/ | sh /ʂ/ | łh /ɬʵ/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | w /v~w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | rh /ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/ | gh /ʁ/ | ||||
evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic
Vowels
i i: u u: e e: ə ə: o o: a a: ai ei iə eu uə oi iu
⟨i î u û e ê y ŷ o ô a â ae ei ia eu ua oe iu⟩
Sound changes
- *ā > ia (*nā > nia 'I'); *ō > ua; *au > ô; *ou > û; *ū > î
- *qʷ > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > sh; *ʁʷ > /ζ/ > rh
- *nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw > nh, th, dh, sh, łh, zh, zh /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
- *sl-, sm-, sn- > rh-, m-, nh-
- *sɸ-, sr-, sw- > f-, rh-, sh-
- *st, sk > th-/shth, sc (*bastom > bashtho 'king' ~ Tíogall bast 'head')
- *sb, sd, sg > rhb, rhdh, rhg (*nasge > narhg '3')
- *φn, tn, φl, tl > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/
- *kt, qt > /jt, :ʈ/ (*tektə > teit /teit/ 'child', *neqtə > nêth /neːʈ/ 'cloud')
- *kn, gn, qn > /jn, jn, :ɳ/
- *φj, tj, kj, qj > pt ss ts gh
- *φ-, j- > h-
- *skj, stj > sht, st
- final short vowels lost; final -m, -s, -t lost; final long vowels shorten (ia, ua > i, u)