User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions
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|fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | ||
|fam3= Thensaric | |fam3= Thensaric | ||
|fam4= Old | |fam4= Old Eevo | ||
|iso3=qtg | |iso3=qtg | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
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Tíogall is a pluricentric language - it is an official language in three countries, the peninsular Sceola with more dialect diversity, the larger Anbhair with less dialect diversity, and in Phormatin in addition to [[Phormatolidin]]. It is the largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{PAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the northwest coast of the continent of Etalocin (called ''Éatha'' in Tíogall) on the planet of Clotricin. | Tíogall is a pluricentric language - it is an official language in three countries, the peninsular Sceola with more dialect diversity, the larger Anbhair with less dialect diversity, and in Phormatin in addition to [[Phormatolidin]]. It is the largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{PAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the northwest coast of the continent of Etalocin (called ''Éatha'' in Tíogall) on the planet of Clotricin. | ||
Modern Standard Tíogall arose as a literary koiné from disparate earlier Tíogallic dialects descended from [[Old | Modern Standard Tíogall arose as a literary koiné from disparate earlier Tíogallic dialects descended from [[Old Eevo]] from around fT 1160dd (1968). Thanks in large part to the printing press, Tíogall rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, Tíogall still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages. | ||
The name ''Tíogall'' is thought to be a [[Clofabic languages|Clofabic]] formation (before Modern Tíogall): ''Tiga'' (Tíogall ''Tíoga'') was a river in the northwestern Talma area where Tíogall originated, and to that was added the Clofabic attributive ''-l''. | The name ''Tíogall'' is thought to be a [[Clofabic languages|Clofabic]] formation (before Modern Tíogall): ''Tiga'' (Tíogall ''Tíoga'') was a river in the northwestern Talma area where Tíogall originated, and to that was added the Clofabic attributive ''-l''. | ||
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*Should have had more dh's | *Should have had more dh's | ||
*Single vs. double negatives: use both, do something weird | *Single vs. double negatives: use both, do something weird | ||
*Old | *Old Eevo prefixes: | ||
**''ar-'': on, at | **''ar-'': on, at | ||
**''(deut.) as-'': telic | **''(deut.) as-'': telic | ||
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{{PAGENAME}} is written in the Talmic script, which is written from left to right. The letters ''ħ'' /h/, ''j'' /j/ and ''v'' /v/ are used in [[Netagin]] and other loanwords. The letter ''h'' is used for lenition as in Irish. So the {{PAGENAME}} alphabet is usually considered to have 23 letters (''r d z i a ħ f l m g c h b s v o j ŋ t n p e u'') (disregarding digraphs and length diacritics). | {{PAGENAME}} is written in the Talmic script, which is written from left to right. The letters ''ħ'' /h/, ''j'' /j/ and ''v'' /v/ are used in [[Netagin]] and other loanwords. The letter ''h'' is used for lenition as in Irish. So the {{PAGENAME}} alphabet is usually considered to have 23 letters (''r d z i a ħ f l m g c h b s v o j ŋ t n p e u'') (disregarding digraphs and length diacritics). | ||
The native orthography is extremely conservative and in part reflects Old | The native orthography is extremely conservative and in part reflects Old Eevo pronunciation. The romanization used in this article reflects the native spelling. | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
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==Sound changes== | ==Sound changes== | ||
===Thensarian to Old | ===Thensarian to Old Eevo=== | ||
Thn. ''sb, sd, sg'' > OBh ''dhbh, d, dhgh'' | Thn. ''sb, sd, sg'' > OBh ''dhbh, d, dhgh'' | ||
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*''éa, ó, ói'' > ''ia, ua, uai'' | *''éa, ó, ói'' > ''ia, ua, uai'' | ||
===Old | ===Old Eevo to Modern Tíogall=== | ||
*aspirated stops start to become fricatives: /mʰ pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ fʰ sʰ/ > /ʍ f v θ ð x ɣ h h/ | *aspirated stops start to become fricatives: /mʰ pʰ bʰ tʰ dʰ kʰ gʰ fʰ sʰ/ > /ʍ f v θ ð x ɣ h h/ | ||
*prenasalized stops coalesce | *prenasalized stops coalesce | ||
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====Fortis and lenis resonants==== | ====Fortis and lenis resonants==== | ||
Certain conservative accents and dialects preserve to varying degrees the Old | Certain conservative accents and dialects preserve to varying degrees the Old Eevo distinction between fortis and lenis resonants: /l L n N r R/. In fact, the Tumacaimh dialect has: | ||
*/l/ > /ʁᵝˤ/ | */l/ > /ʁᵝˤ/ | ||
*/L/ > /l̪ˠ/ | */L/ > /l̪ˠ/ | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
[[Old | [[Old Eevo]] had a verb system with complex alternations, almost comparable to that of Old Irish. Modern {{PAGENAME}} simplified this system substantially, leaving behind a mixture of synthetic forms (used without a subject pronoun) and analytic forms (used with a subject noun or pronoun), similar to the Modern Irish system. However, many basic verbs are irregular, with many "principal parts"; some common verbs even retain the Old Eevo allomorphy between independent and dependent forms. | ||
Ex: | Ex: | ||
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===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
Below are some common {{PAGENAME}} derivational affixes. In addition to derivational affixes, Tíogall uses compound nouns like German; also, some productive prefixes has been re-analyzed into existence from Old | Below are some common {{PAGENAME}} derivational affixes. In addition to derivational affixes, Tíogall uses compound nouns like German; also, some productive prefixes has been re-analyzed into existence from Old Eevo prefix combinations. This allowed Tíogall to coin new native words instead of using loanwords. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||