User:Ashucky/Sketches
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Sumerian conlang
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ĝ [ŋ] | ||
| Plosive | p [pʰ/p] b [p/b] | t [tʰ/t] d [t/d] | k [kʰ/k] g [k/g] | ||
| Fricative | s [s] | š [ʃ] | h [x] | ||
| Affricate | z [t͡s] (r̂ [t͡sʰ]) | ||||
| Approximant | (y/i [j] ?) | (w/u [w] ?) | |||
| Trill | r [r/ɾ] | ||||
| Flap or tap | (r̂ ?) | ||||
| Lateral app. | l [l] |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] (ī [i:] ?) | u [u] (ū [u:] ?) |
| Mid | e [e] (ē [e:]?) | (o [o] (ō [o:] ?) ?) |
| Open | a [a] (ā [a:] ?) | |
Grammar
Nouns
Characteristics
NOMINAL CHAIN:
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e)ne] + [CASE]
2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]
Cases
| Substantives | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Suffixes | Notes | ||||
| Human | Non-h. | |||||
| Genitive | -ak/-a/-k | |||||
| Ergative | -e | subject of transitive verbs (agent) | ||||
| Absolutive | -Ø | subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient) | ||||
| Dative | -ra | -/? | indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human | |||
| Directive | -/? | -e > -ye? | motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human) | |||
| Locative | -/? | -a > -ya? | motion into, position inside; rarely used for human | |||
| Locative 2 | -/? | -ne | ||||
| Terminative | -še | motion towards | ||||
| Adverbiative | -eš | in the manner of < "how?" | ||||
| Ablative | -ta | place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human) | ||||
| Comitative | -da | with/and, in company | ||||
| Equative | -gen | like/as | ||||