Middle Tevvic

Ancient Tevvic
चैवैताण् (cēvētāṇ)
Pronunciation	[t͡ɕeː.ʋeː.ˈtɑːɳ]
Created by	Melinoë
Date	May, 2026
Native to	Uttarakhand
Ethnicity	Tevvics
Era	Spoken from the mid 12th to the late 17th centuries, developed into Modern Tevvic by 1700.
Language family	Indo-European Para-Germanic Chlesamnic Tevvic Ancient Tevvic
Early form	Proto-Chlesamnic
Writing system	Devanagari
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Middle Tevvic (Autonym: चैवैताण्, /t͡ɕeː.ʋeː.ˈtɑːɳ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is the direct descendant of Ancient Tevvic, though it is not intelligible with it in the slightest.

History

Development

Early Middle

Also called "Late Ancient"

/ʎ/ > /ɕ/
word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction
beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
geminated aspirates to short

Middle proper

final /h/ lost
final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, u/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "phḗthmạh" > Middle Tevvic "phēthe".
voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
/ə/ > /ɛ/
merger of /ɛ, e/ and /ɔ, o/

Phonology

Vowels

This first table is the set of "primary" vowels.

independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent	Independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent
अ	a	[ɑ]	प	आ	ā	[ɑː]	पा
इ	i	[i]	पि	ई	ī	[iː]	पी
उ	u	[u]	पु	ऊ	ū	[uː]	पू
ऍ	e	[ɛ]	पॅ	ऐ	ē	[ɛː]	पै
ऎ	ei	[e]	पॆ	ए	ēi	[eː]	पे
ऑ	o	[ɔ]	पॉ	औ	ō	[ɔː]	पौ
ऒ	ou	[o]	पॊ	ओ	ōu	[oː]	पो

This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier.

independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent	Independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent
इं	ị	[y]	पिं	ईं	ị̄	[yː]	पीं
उं	ụ	[ɨ]	पुं	ऊं	ụ̄	[ɨː]	पूं
ऍं	ẹ	[œ]	पॅं	ऐं	ẹ̄	[œː]	पैं
ऎं	ẹi	[ø]	पॆं	एं	ẹ̄i	[øː]	पें

Stress is marked through the udatta, such as प॑ (pa॑), though the anudatta is common for tall symbols (as in "पे॒" ("pe॒"))

Consonants

Phonetics →	Occlusive								Nasal		Approximant		Fricative
Voicing →	voiceless				voiced								voiceless		voiced
Aspiration →	unaspirated		aspirated		unaspirated		aspirated		unaspirated
Velar	क	ka [k]	ख	kha [k]	ग	ga [ɡ]	घ	gha [ɡ]					ह	ha [h]
Palatal	च	ca [tɕ]	छ	cha [tɕ]	ज	ja [dʑ]	झ	jha [dʑ]	ञ	ña [ɲ]	य	ya [j]	श	śa [ɕ]	झ़	źa [ʑ]
Retroflex	ट	ṭa [ʈ]	ठ	ṭha [ʈ]	ड	ḍa [ɖ]	ढ	ḍha [ɖ]	ण	ṇa [ɳ]	र	ra [ɻ]	ष	ṣa [ʂ]	ढ़	ẓa [ʐ]
Dental	त	ta [t̪]	थ	tha [t̪]	द	da [d̪]	ध	dha [d̪]	न	na [n̪]	ल	la [l]	स	sa [s]	ज़	za [z]
Labial	प	pa [p]	फ	pha [p]	ब	ba [b]	भ	bha [b]	म	ma [m]	व	va [ʋ]

Prosody

Orthography

Morphology

All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, acrostatic (initial stress), mesostatic (stressed ending), or kinetic. kinetic stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in मंहः॑ (mạháh) but मंगः॑ (mạgáh).

Nominals

Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being number, case, gender (adjectives), and possessor (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.

Nouns

Possessive endings
	singular	plural
1st	-म ((-ma))	-ष ((-ṣa))
2nd	-थ ((-tha))	-ष्व ((-ṣva))
3rd	-ण ((-ṇa))	-नैस ((-nēsa))

Masculines

a-stem

a-stem masculine nouns (acrostatic)
	उ॑ल्फंः (u॑lphăh)		फ॑ह्रंः (pha॑hrăh)		[Term?]
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	उ॑ल्फॉः (úlphoh)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	फ॑ह्रॉः (pháhroh)	()	()
vocative	उ॑ल्फ् (úlph)	उ॑ल्फॉः (úlphoh)	फ॑ह्र् (pháhr)	फ॑ह्रॉः (pháhroh)	()	()
accusative	उ॑ल्फ (úlpha)	उ॑ल्फः (úlphah)	फ॑ह्र (pháhra)	फ॑ह्रः (pháhrah)	()	()
allative	उ॑ल्फौर् (úlphōr)	उ॑ल्फह्र्(úlphahr)	फ॑ह्रौर् (pháhrōr)	फ॑ह्रह्र् (pháhrahr)	()	()
genitive	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	उ॑ल्फां (úlphạ̄)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	फ॑ह्रां (pháhrạ̄)	()	()
ablative	उ॑ल्फॅच् (úlphec)	उ॑ल्फः (úlphah)	फ॑ह्रॅच् (pháhrec)	फ॑ह्रः (pháhrah)	()	()
dative	उ॑ल्फै (úlphē)	उ॑ल्फैसॉ (úlphēso)	फ॑ह्रै (pháhrē)	फ॑ह्रैसॉ (pháhrēso)	()	()
instrumental	उ॑ल्फॉ (úlpho)	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	फ॑ह्रॉ (pháhro)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	()	()

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Verbs

Verbs have evolved into an entirely agglutinative formation, largely from two main factors, being sound changes and the sheer size of the verbal system, which you will see below.

The various aspects are formed through different endings, though they all share a common pattern.

perfective: -(अ/इ)ण् (-(a/i)ṇ)
progressive: -नण् (-naṇ)
habitual: -जिण् (-jiṇ)
causative: -(अ)सों (-(a)sŏ)

The tense endings attach directly to the aspect endings. The various tense endings are:

present: -अ (-a)
past: -एधण् (-edhaṇ)
future: -(अ)शण् (-(a)śaṇ)

There exists four moods:

The indicative, which is the basic form of almost all verbs (though some only exist in the subjunctive)
The subjunctive, also variously called the optative or the desiderative, is formed by modifying other suffixes:
- present: -य (-ya)
- past: -एधि (-edhi)
- future: -(अ)शि (-(a)śa)
interrogative: -ओं (-ŏ)
conditional: -(अ)सों (-(a)sŏ)

There are two voices, the (medio)passive being marked with -श् (-ś).

Negation is handled through the prefix तो- (to-).

Person marking seems to have been for both subject and object, with the object being optional if specified otherwise.

Subject endings
	singular	plural
1st	-म -ma	-ष -ṣa
2nd	-थ -tha	-ष्व -ṣva
3rd	-ण -ṇa	-नैस -nēsa

Object endings
	singular	plural
1st	-म् -m	-ज़् -z
2nd	-थ् -th	-ज़्व् -zv
3rd	-ण् -ṇ	-न -na

Full inflection tables

The tables here are the full conjugations provided within Contionary entries, these are split up by tense and aspect, thus there is upwards of sixteen tables per verb. These shall use the root फैथ् (phēth).

Present

Present, perfective: *फैथण्* (*phēthaṇ*), *फैथणश्* (*phēthaṇaś*)
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	impersonal
indicative
active	positive	फैथम phēthama	फैथथ phēthatha	फैथण phēthaṇa	फैथष phēthaṣa	फैथष्व phēthaṣva	फैथनैस phēthanēsa	फैथ phētha
active	negative	तोफैथम tophēthama	तोफैथथ tophēthatha	तोफैथण tophēthaṇa	तोफैथष tophēthaṣa	तोफैथष्व tophēthaṣva	तोफैथनैस tophēthanēsa	तोफैथ tophētha
passive	positive	फैथमश् phēthamaś	फैथथश् phēthathaś	फैथणश् phēthaṇaś	फैथषश् phēthaṣaś	फैथष्वश् phēthaṣvaś	फैथनैसश् phēthanēsaś	फैथश् phēthaś
passive	negative	तोफैथमश् tophēthamaś	तोफैथथश् tophēthathaś	तोफैथणश् tophēthaṇaś	तोफैथषश् tophēthaṣaś	तोफैथष्वश् tophēthaṣvaś	तोफैथनैसश् tophēthanēsaś	तोफैथश् tophēthaś
desiderative
active	positive	फैथ्यम phēthyama	फैथ्यथ phēthyatha	फैथ्यण phēthyaṇa	फैथ्यष phēthyaṣa	फैथ्यष्व phēthyaṣva	फैथ्यनैस phēthyanēsa	फैथ्य phēthya
active	negative	तोफैथ्यम tophēthyama	तोफैथ्यथ tophēthyatha	तोफैथ्यण tophēthyaṇa	तोफैथ्यष tophēthyaṣa	तोफैथ्यष्व tophēthyaṣva	तोफैथ्यनैस tophēthyanēsa	तोफैथ्य tophēthya
passive	positive	फैथ्यमश् phēthyamaś	फैथ्यथश् phēthyathaś	फैथ्यणश् phēthyaṇaś	फैथ्यषश् phēthyaṣaś	फैथ्यष्वश् phēthyaṣvaś	फैथ्यनैसश् phēthyanēsaś	फैथ्यश् phēthyaś
passive	negative	तोफैथ्यमश् tophēthyamaś	तोफैथ्यथश् tophēthyathaś	तोफैथ्यणश् tophēthyaṇaś	तोफैथ्यषश् tophēthyaṣaś	तोफैथ्यष्वश् tophēthyaṣvaś	तोफैथ्यनैसश् tophēthyanēsaś	तोफैथ्यश् tophēthyaś
conditional
active	positive	फैथसोंम phēthasŏma	फैथसोंथ phēthasŏtha	फैथसोंण phēthasŏṇa	फैथसोंष phēthasŏṣa	फैथसोंष्व phēthasŏṣva	फैथसोंनैस phēthasŏnēsa	फैथसों phēthasŏ
active	negative	तोफैथसोंम tophēthasŏma	तोफैथसोंथ tophēthasŏtha	तोफैथसोंण tophēthasŏṇa	तोफैथसोंष tophēthasŏṣa	तोफैथसोंष्व tophēthasŏṣva	तोफैथसोंनैस tophēthasŏnēsa	तोफैथसों tophēthasŏ
passive	positive	फैथसोंमश् phēthasŏmaś	फैथसोंथश् phēthasŏthaś	फैथसोंणश् phēthasŏṇaś	फैथसोंषश् phēthasŏṣaś	फैथसोंष्वश् phēthasŏṣvaś	फैथसोंनैसश् phēthasŏnēsaś	फैथसोंश् phēthasŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथसोंमश् tophēthasŏmaś	तोफैथसोंथश् tophēthasŏthaś	तोफैथसोंणश् tophēthasŏṇaś	तोफैथसोंषश् tophēthasŏṣaś	तोफैथसोंष्वश् tophēthasŏṣvaś	तोफैथसोंनैसश् tophēthasŏnēsaś	तोफैथसोंश् tophēthasŏś
interrogative
active	positive	फैथोंम phēthŏma	फैथोंथ phēthŏtha	फैथोंण phēthŏṇa	फैथोंष phēthŏṣa	फैथोंष्व phēthŏṣva	फैथोंनैस phēthŏnēsa	फैथों phēthŏ
active	negative	तोफैथोंम tophēthŏma	तोफैथोंथ tophēthŏtha	तोफैथोंण tophēthŏṇa	तोफैथोंष tophēthŏṣa	तोफैथोंष्व tophēthŏṣva	तोफैथोंनैस tophēthŏnēsa	तोफैथों tophēthŏ
passive	positive	फैथोंमश् phēthŏmaś	फैथोंथश् phēthŏthaś	फैथोंणश् phēthŏṇaś	फैथोंषश् phēthŏṣaś	फैथोंष्वश् phēthŏṣvaś	फैथोंनैसश् phēthŏnēsaś	फैथोंश् phēthŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथोंमश् tophēthŏmaś	तोफैथोंथश् tophēthŏthaś	तोफैथोंणश् tophēthŏṇaś	तोफैथोंषश् tophēthŏṣaś	तोफैथोंष्वश् tophēthŏṣvaś	तोफैथोंनैसश् tophēthŏnēsaś	तोफैथोंश् tophēthŏś
participles
active		फैथ् phēth
passive		फैथश् phēthaś

Present, progressive: *फैथनण्* (*phēthanaṇ*), *फैथनणश्* (*phēthanaṇaś*)
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	impersonal
indicative
active	positive	फैथनम phēthanama	फैथनथ phēthanatha	फैथनण phēthanaṇa	फैथनष phēthanaṣa	फैथनष्व phēthanaṣva	फैथननैस phēthananēsa	फैथन phēthana
active	negative	तोफैथनम tophēthanama	तोफैथनथ tophēthanatha	तोफैथनण tophēthanaṇa	तोफैथनष tophēthanaṣa	तोफैथनष्व tophēthanaṣva	तोफैथननैस tophēthananēsa	तोफैथन tophēthana
passive	positive	फैथनमश् phēthanamaś	फैथनथश् phēthanathaś	फैथनणश् phēthanaṇaś	फैथनषश् phēthanaṣaś	फैथनष्वश् phēthanaṣvaś	फैथननैसश् phēthananēsaś	फैथनश् phēthanaś
passive	negative	तोफैथनमश् tophēthanamaś	तोफैथनथश् tophēthanathaś	तोफैथनणश् tophēthanaṇaś	तोफैथनषश् tophēthanaṣaś	तोफैथनष्वश् tophēthanaṣvaś	तोफैथननैसश् tophēthananēsaś	तोफैथनश् tophēthanaś
desiderative
active	positive	फैथन्यम phēthanyama	फैथन्यथ phēthanyatha	फैथन्यण phēthanyaṇa	फैथन्यष phēthanyaṣa	फैथन्यष्व phēthanyaṣva	फैथन्यनैस phēthanyanēsa	फैथन्य phēthanya
active	negative	तोफैथन्यम tophēthanyama	तोफैथन्यथ tophēthanyatha	तोफैथन्यण tophēthanyaṇa	तोफैथन्यष tophēthanyaṣa	तोफैथन्यष्व tophēthanyaṣva	तोफैथन्यनैस tophēthanyanēsa	तोफैथन्य tophēthanya
passive	positive	फैथन्यमश् phēthanyamaś	फैथन्यथश् phēthanyathaś	फैथन्यणश् phēthanyaṇaś	फैथन्यषश् phēthanyaṣaś	फैथन्यष्वश् phēthanyaṣvaś	फैथन्यनैसश् phēthanyanēsaś	फैथन्यश् phēthanyaś
passive	negative	तोफैथन्यमश् tophēthanyamaś	तोफैथन्यथश् tophēthanyathaś	तोफैथन्यणश् tophēthanyaṇaś	तोफैथन्यषश् tophēthanyaṣaś	तोफैथन्यष्वश् tophēthanyaṣvaś	तोफैथन्यनैसश् tophēthanyanēsaś	तोफैथन्यश् tophēthanyaś
conditional
active	positive	फैथनसोंम phēthanasŏma	फैथनसोंथ phēthanasŏtha	फैथनसोंण phēthanasŏṇa	फैथनसोंष phēthanasŏṣa	फैथनसोंष्व phēthanasŏṣva	फैथनसोंनैस phēthanasŏnēsa	फैथनसों phēthanasŏ
active	negative	तोफैथनसोंम tophēthanasŏma	तोफैथनसोंथ tophēthanasŏtha	तोफैथनसोंण tophēthanasŏṇa	तोफैथनसोंष tophēthanasŏṣa	तोफैथनसोंष्व tophēthanasŏṣva	तोफैथनसोंनैस tophēthanasŏnēsa	तोफैथनसों tophēthanasŏ
passive	positive	फैथनसोंमश् phēthanasŏmaś	फैथनसोंथश् phēthanasŏthaś	फैथनसोंणश् phēthanasŏṇaś	फैथनसोंषश् phēthanasŏṣaś	फैथनसोंष्वश् phēthanasŏṣvaś	फैथनसोंनैसश् phēthanasŏnēsaś	फैथनसोंश् phēthanasŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथनसोंमश् tophēthanasŏmaś	तोफैथनसोंथश् tophēthanasŏthaś	तोफैथनसोंणश् tophēthanasŏṇaś	तोफैथनसोंषश् tophēthanasŏṣaś	तोफैथनसोंष्वश् tophēthanasŏṣvaś	तोफैथनसोंनैसश् tophēthanasŏnēsaś	तोफैथनसोंश् tophēthanasŏś
interrogative
active	positive	फैथनोंम phēthanŏma	फैथनोंथ phēthanŏtha	फैथनोंण phēthanŏṇa	फैथनोंष phēthanŏṣa	फैथनोंष्व phēthanŏṣva	फैथनोंनैस phēthanŏnēsa	फैथनों phēthanŏ
active	negative	तोफैथनोंम tophēthanŏma	तोफैथनोंथ tophēthanŏtha	तोफैथनोंण tophēthanŏṇa	तोफैथनोंष tophēthanŏṣa	तोफैथनोंष्व tophēthanŏṣva	तोफैथनोंनैस tophēthanŏnēsa	तोफैथनों tophēthanŏ
passive	positive	फैथनोंमश् phēthanŏmaś	फैथनोंथश् phēthanŏthaś	फैथनोंणश् phēthanŏṇaś	फैथनोंषश् phēthanŏṣaś	फैथनोंष्वश् phēthanŏṣvaś	फैथनोंनैसश् phēthanŏnēsaś	फैथनोंश् phēthanŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथनोंमश् tophēthanŏmaś	तोफैथनोंथश् tophēthanŏthaś	तोफैथनोंणश् tophēthanŏṇaś	तोफैथनोंषश् tophēthanŏṣaś	तोफैथनोंष्वश् tophēthanŏṣvaś	तोफैथनोंनैसश् tophēthanŏnēsaś	तोफैथनोंश् tophēthanŏś
participles
active		फैथन् phēthan
passive		फैथनश् phēthanaś

Present, habitual: *फैथजिण्* (*phēthajiṇ*), *फैथजिणश्* (*phēthajiṇaś*)
		singular			plural			impersonal
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	impersonal
indicative
active	positive	फैथजिम phēthajima	फैथजिथ phēthajitha	फैथजिण phēthajiṇa	फैथजिष phēthajiṣa	फैथजिष्व phēthajiṣva	फैथजिनैस phēthajinēsa	फैथजि phēthaji
active	negative	तोफैथजिम tophēthajima	तोफैथजिथ tophēthajitha	तोफैथजिण tophēthajiṇa	तोफैथजिष tophēthajiṣa	तोफैथजिष्व tophēthajiṣva	तोफैथजिनैस tophēthajinēsa	तोफैथजि tophēthaji
passive	positive	फैथजिमश् phēthajimaś	फैथजिथश् phēthajithaś	फैथजिणश् phēthajiṇaś	फैथजिषश् phēthajiṣaś	फैथजिष्वश् phēthajiṣvaś	फैथजिनैसश् phēthajinēsaś	फैथजिश् phēthajiś
passive	negative	तोफैथजिमश् tophēthajimaś	तोफैथजिथश् tophēthajithaś	तोफैथजिणश् tophēthajiṇaś	तोफैथजिषश् tophēthajiṣaś	तोफैथजिष्वश् tophēthajiṣvaś	तोफैथजिनैसश् tophēthajinēsaś	तोफैथजिश् tophēthajiś
desiderative
active	positive	फैथजियम phēthajiyama	फैथजियथ phēthajiyatha	फैथजियण phēthajiyaṇa	फैथजियष phēthajiyaṣa	फैथजियष्व phēthajiyaṣva	फैथजियनैस phēthajiyanēsa	फैथजिय phēthajiya
active	negative	तोफैथजियम tophēthajiyama	तोफैथजियथ tophēthajiyatha	तोफैथजियण tophēthajiyaṇa	तोफैथजियष tophēthajiyaṣa	तोफैथजियष्व tophēthajiyaṣva	तोफैथजियनैस tophēthajiyanēsa	तोफैथजिय tophēthajiya
passive	positive	फैथजियमश् phēthajiyamaś	फैथजियथश् phēthajiyathaś	फैथजियणश् phēthajiyaṇaś	फैथजियषश् phēthajiyaṣaś	फैथजियष्वश् phēthajiyaṣvaś	फैथजियनैसश् phēthajiyanēsaś	फैथजियश् phēthajiyaś
passive	negative	तोफैथजियमश् tophēthajiyamaś	तोफैथजियथश् tophēthajiyathaś	तोफैथजियणश् tophēthajiyaṇaś	तोफैथजियषश् tophēthajiyaṣaś	तोफैथजियष्वश् tophēthajiyaṣvaś	तोफैथजियनैसश् tophēthajiyanēsaś	तोफैथजियश् tophēthajiyaś
conditional
active	positive	फैथजिसोंम phēthajisŏma	फैथजिसोंथ phēthajisŏtha	फैथजिसोंण phēthajisŏṇa	फैथजिसोंष phēthajisŏṣa	फैथजिसोंष्व phēthajisŏṣva	फैथजिसोंनैस phēthajisŏnēsa	फैथजिसों phēthajisŏ
active	negative	तोफैथजिसोंम tophēthajisŏma	तोफैथजिसोंथ tophēthajisŏtha	तोफैथजिसोंण tophēthajisŏṇa	तोफैथजिसोंष tophēthajisŏṣa	तोफैथजिसोंष्व tophēthajisŏṣva	तोफैथजिसोंनैस tophēthajisŏnēsa	तोफैथजिसों tophēthajisŏ
passive	positive	फैथजिसोंमश् phēthajisŏmaś	फैथजिसोंथश् phēthajisŏthaś	फैथजिसोंणश् phēthajisŏṇaś	फैथजिसोंषश् phēthajisŏṣaś	फैथजिसोंष्वश् phēthajisŏṣvaś	फैथजिसोंनैसश् phēthajisŏnēsaś	फैथजिसोंश् phēthajisŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथजिसोंमश् tophēthajisŏmaś	तोफैथजिसोंथश् tophēthajisŏthaś	तोफैथजिसोंणश् tophēthajisŏṇaś	तोफैथजिसोंषश् tophēthajisŏṣaś	तोफैथजिसोंष्वश् tophēthajisŏṣvaś	तोफैथजिसोंनैसश् tophēthajisŏnēsaś	तोफैथजिसोंश् tophēthajisŏś
interrogative
active	positive	फैथज्योंम phēthajyŏma	फैथज्योंथ phēthajyŏtha	फैथज्योंण phēthajyŏṇa	फैथज्योंष phēthajyŏṣa	फैथज्योंष्व phēthajyŏṣva	फैथज्योंनैस phēthajyŏnēsa	फैथज्यों phēthajyŏ
active	negative	तोफैथज्योंम tophēthajyŏma	तोफैथज्योंथ tophēthajyŏtha	तोफैथज्योंण tophēthajyŏṇa	तोफैथज्योंष tophēthajyŏṣa	तोफैथज्योंष्व tophēthajyŏṣva	तोफैथज्योंनैस tophēthajyŏnēsa	तोफैथज्यों tophēthajyŏ
passive	positive	फैथज्योंमश् phēthajyŏmaś	फैथज्योंथश् phēthajyŏthaś	फैथज्योंणश् phēthajyŏṇaś	फैथज्योंषश् phēthajyŏṣaś	फैथज्योंष्वश् phēthajyŏṣvaś	फैथज्योंनैसश् phēthajyŏnēsaś	फैथज्योंश् phēthajyŏś
passive	negative	तोफैथज्योंमश् tophēthajyŏmaś	तोफैथज्योंथश् tophēthajyŏthaś	तोफैथज्योंणश् tophēthajyŏṇaś	तोफैथज्योंषश् tophēthajyŏṣaś	तोफैथज्योंष्वश् tophēthajyŏṣvaś	तोफैथज्योंनैसश् tophēthajyŏnēsaś	तोफैथज्योंश् tophēthajyŏś
participles
active		फैथजि्
passive		फैथजिश् phēthajiś

Past

Future

Syntax

Word order

Questions and answers

"To be"

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Vocabulary

Phrasebook

Greetings
Tevvotanva	English	Usage notes
	welcome
	good morning	must agree for gender
	good evening
	good day, (formal) hello
	farewell, goodbye
	hello, hi	casual
	(good)bye	casual

Introductions
Tevvotanva	English
	what is your name?
	my name is...
	how are you?
	I am [adj], and you?
	where are you from?
	I am from...

Numerals

1	ऐण् (ēṇ)
2	थुं (thŭ)
3	ठ (ṭha)
4	ष्ट्वार् (ṣṭvār)
5	पच् (pac)
6	सख्श् (sakhś)
7	षव् (ṣav)
8	अढ़्द् (aẓd)
9	नव् (nav)
10	चः (cah)
11	ऐणेचः (ēṇecah)
12	थ्वेचः (thvecah)

Colors

Colors in Middle Tevvic · *रन्ग्* (*rang*) (layout · text)
लौग्झ़् (lōgź), फ्लेक् (phlek)	फीम् (phīm), मोश्ग् (mośg); अस्काथ् (askāth)	स्वर्ठ् (svarṭh)
रौध् (rōdh), ओण्धोण् (oṇdhoṇ)	थुण् (thuṇ); एर्भ्न् (erbhn)	फ्लेव् (phlev), फैतात् (phētāt)
ह्रोन् (hron)	षेल्ग्व् (ṣelgv), हरित् (harit)	नील् (nīl)
अमाथ् (amāth)	हाज़्व् (hāzv)	मेचक् (mecak)
शौण् (śōṇ)	शौण् (śōṇ)	पाटल् (pāṭal)

Time

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta

Leipzig-Jakarta List
Rank	English	Proto-?	Tevvotanva
1	fire		[Term?]
2	nose		[Term?]
3	to go		[Term?]
4	water		[Term?]
5	mouth (body) (river)		[Term?]
6	tongue		[Term?]
7	blood		[Term?]
8	bone		[Term?]
9	2sg pronoun (you)		[Term?]
10	root		[Term?]
11	to come (move)		[Term?]
12	breast		[Term?]
13	rain		[Term?]
14	1sg pronoun (I)		[Term?]
15	name		[Term?]
16	louse (Phthirapteron)		[Term?]
17	wing		[Term?]
18	flesh/meat		[Term?]
19	arm/hand		[Term?]
20	fly (Dipteron)		[Term?]
21	night (time)		[Term?]
22	ear		[Term?]
23	neck		[Term?]
24	far (prep.)		[Term?]
25	to do/make		[Term?]
26	house/structure		[Term?]
27	stone/rock (singular)		[Term?]
28	bitter		[Term?]
29	to say		[Term?]
30	tooth		[Term?]
31	hair		[Term?]
32	big		[Term?]
33	one (number)		[Term?]
34	who?		[Term?]
35	3sg pronoun (they) (m) (f) (n)		[Term?]
36	to hit/beat		[Term?]
37	leg/foot		[Term?]
38	horn		[Term?]
39	this (pron.)		[Term?]
40	fish		[Term?]
41	yesterday		[Term?]
42	to drink		[Term?]
43	black (color)		[Term?]
44	navel		[Term?]
45	to stand		[Term?]
46	to bite		[Term?]
47	back (body)		[Term?]
48	wind		[Term?]
49	smoke (substance)		[Term?]
50	what?		[Term?]
51	child (kin term)		[Term?]
52	egg		[Term?]
53	to give		[Term?]
54	new (adj.)		[Term?]
55	to burn (intr.)		[Term?]
56	not (adj./adv.)		[Term?]
57	good	[Term?]
58	to know		[Term?]
59	knee		[Term?]
60	sand		[Term?]
61	to laugh		[Term?]
62	to hear		[Term?]
63	soil		[Term?]
64	leaf		[Term?]
65	red (color)		[Term?]
66	liver (organ)		[Term?]
67	to hide		[Term?]
68	skin/hide (animal) (general)		[Term?]
69	to suck		[Term?]
70	to carry		[Term?]
71	ant (Formid)		[Term?]
72	heavy		[Term?]
73	to take		[Term?]
74	old		[Term?]
75	to eat		[Term?]
76	thigh		[Term?]
77	thick		[Term?]
78	long (spacially)		[Term?]
79	to blow		[Term?]
80	wood		[Term?]
81	to run		[Term?]
82	to fall		[Term?]
83	eye (body-part)		[Term?]
84	ash		[Term?]
85	tail		[Term?]
86	dog		[Term?]
87	to cry/weep		[Term?]
88	to tie		[Term?]
89	to see		[Term?]
90	sweet		[Term?]
91	rope		[Term?]
92	shade/shadow		[Term?]
93	bird		[Term?]
94	salt		[Term?]
95	small		[Term?]
96	wide		[Term?]
97	star		[Term?]
98	in		[Term?]
99	hard (materially)		[Term?]
100	to crush/grind		[Term?]