Middle Wiebian
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| Middle Wiebian | |
|---|---|
| Wieb-Muts | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qwb |
Introduction
Sound changes
AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/
æ, ä, ɒ, ij, y, u, ɪ, ʏ, ʊ, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æʊ, ɔɪ, ɛɪ, œʏ, ɔʊ, iɻ, yɻ, uɻ, ɛɻ/œɻ, ɔɻ, äɻ > jæ, æ, ɑ, ji, ju, u, je, jə, wə, jə, ə, ə, jɑ, we, e, jwe, ow, jia, ia, wa, jow, ow, ɑ
o > wa, u > wo / _{t, n, l}
Resultant vowel system: æ, ɑ, i, u, e, we, ə, wə, ow, ia, wa
wahm > vɑm, djih (B), nɑk, g!jɑf, zel, stum, rut, ljowts, pɑp, kjia
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Coronal | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | (/ŋ̊/) | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /!/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /g!/ | /g/ | ||
| breathy voiced | /bʱ/ | /dʱ/ | /g!ʱ/ | /gʱ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | /w/, /ɥ/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||
broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/ | /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/ | |
| Close-mid | /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/ | /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/ | |
| Open | /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/ |
Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>
Finals
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/
Suprasegmentals
Each syllable could have two registers: plain (a á) and breathy (à â).
Grammar
Mutations
- /pʰ/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
- /b/ <b> > /w/ /m/ /b/
- /p/ <sp> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
- /f/ <f> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
- /m/ <m> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
- /m̊/ <sm>
- /tʰ/ <t> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
- /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
- /t/ <st> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
- /s/ <z> > /h/ /z/ /s/
- /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
- /n/ <n> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
- /n̊/ <sn>
- /l/ <l>
- /l̥/ <sl>
- /r/ <sr>
- /r̥/ <sr>
- /!ʰ/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
- /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
- /!/ <sŧ> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
- /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
- /ŋ!/ <nđ> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
- /ŋ̊!/ <snđ> (in loanwords)
- /kʰ/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /k/
- /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <n-g> /gʰ/
- /ŋ/ <ng> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
- /ŋ̊/ <sng> (in loanwords)
Tenses
- Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
- Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O