Glommish/Middle
Nouns
Strong vocalic declensions
The -a declension
This declension has as counterparts the second declension (us/um) of Latin, and the omicron declension (os/on) of Greek. It contains masculine and neuter nouns.
| dag; dagar day m. |
wurd; wurda word n. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Nominative | dag | – | daga | –a | wurd | – | wurda | –a |
| Genitive | dagъs | –ъs | daga | –a | wurdъs | –ъs | wurda | –a |
| Dative | dagy | –y | dagъm | –ъm | wurdy | –y | wurdъm | –ъm |
| Instrumental | daga | –a | -- | -- | wurda | –a | -- | -- |
Examples of masculine nouns declined like dag "day": berg "mountain", weg "way", gyst "spirit", kuning "king".
The -ja declension
This declension was really just the -a declension with a j immediately preceding. However, due to various sound laws, a new declension subcategory has arisen that does not exactly follow the form of the plain -a declension. Similar developments occurred in Greek and the Slavic languages, among others.
This declension has as counterparts the second declension nouns in (-ius/-ium) of Latin. The counterparts in Greek are some second declension nouns in (-ios/-ion), as well as many that show effects of palatalization (e.g., -zdos < *-gyos or *-dyos; -llos < *-lyos; -ptos < -*pyos; -ssos or -ttos < -*tyos; -airos/-eiros/-oiros < *-aryos/-eryos/-oryos; -ainos/-einos/-oinos < *-anyos/enyos/onyos; etc., and similarly for neuter nouns in -ion or *-yon). It contains masculine and neuter nouns.
| hirdь; hirdia herdsman, shephard m. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | hirdь | –ь | hirdia | –ia |
| Genitive | hirdьs | –ьs | hirdia | –ia |
| Dative | hirdi | –i | hirdьm | –ьm |
| Instrumental | hirdia | –ia | -- | -- |
Sample nouns like hirdь: agent nouns in -arь (-aria), e.g. wahtarь (-aria) "watchman", lyrarь "teacher"
Sample nouns like kunь: andь "end", rīkь "kingdom", bedь "bed", gъtungь "language", finstarnъs "darkness", herь "army" (genitive singular heries, dative singular herie, herige).
The -wa declension
| snyw, sny; snywa snow m. |
knio; knio knee n. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Nominative | snyw, sny | – | snywa | –wa | knio | –o, – | knio | –o, – |
| Genitive | snywъs | –wъs | snywa | –wa | knewъs | –wъs | knewa | –wa |
| Dative | snywy | –wy | snewъm | –ъm | knewy | –wy | knewъm | –ъm |
The -ō declension
This declension counterparts the first declension (a) of Latin, and the alpha declension (a/as) of Greek. It contains feminine nouns.
| dżáva; dżávar gift f. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | dżáva | –a | dżávar | –ar |
| Genitive | dżávar | –ar | dżáva | –a |
| Dative | dżávaj | –aj | dżávam | –am |
Sample nouns of this declension: dżáva "gift", jerþa "earth", yra "honor", tala "number", triwa "fidelity", korunga "temptation", hardiþa "hardness", mildiþa "compassion", ganáþa "favor", losiunga "deliverance", stunda "time".