User:Chrysophylax/Skājamāl
- merger of overlong into long vowels
- *pūkō ( < *pūkô)
- d > þ / r_ / (represent /d/ as [þ] here for later word changes, cf. Go waurd, ON orð) but not after [l], [n], or [m]
- *wurþą ( < wurdą)
- d > ð / V_V (show /d/ = [ð] intervocalically)
- *nimiði ( < *nimidi)
- z > s
/ _#[unconditionally]- *gaisas ( < *gaizaz)
- s > h / _#
- *baisah ( < *baizaz) which later gives bērah
- ō > ā
- vowels [+nasal] > vowels [-nasal] [+length]
- *breustā ( < *breustą)
- γ > j / #_V, V_V
- *jaisīþi ( < **gaisīþi), skājah ( < *skōgaz)
- γ > v̄ / V_[+voiced +consonant]
- þ > h / _R
- *mahlā ( < *maþlą) which later gives māl
- ā > ē / [+dental +consonant +nasal]_#
- Spontaneous haplogy (sic).
- *nimði < *nimiði ( < *nimidi)
- f > hw / _V
- *hwehu ( < *fehu)
- þ > s [unconditionally]
- sat ( < *þat), wursā < *wurþā ( < *wurdą)
- d > n / nV_V
- annā ( < *andô)
- ă ĕ ŏ > Ø / _# (unless monosyllabic) (Short vowel deletion rule)
- If a word by result of the short vowel deletion becomes monosyllabic, lengthen the stem vowel for compensation.
- If a word by result of the aforementioned rule terminates in -w, it becomes -u.
- ĭ ŭ > e o / _#
- alo ( < *alu)
- s > h / _R
- j > Ø /#_V
- h > Ø /V_C, with compensatory lenghtening of the preceding vowel
- mālā < *mahlā ( < *maþlą)
- s > z / V_V
- b > v / V_V
- d > z / V_V
- z > r / V_V (unless following or preceding syllable already has r)
- Words of three or more syllables may occasionally experience V > Ø / _#
- ai ei eu > ē ī iu when stressed
- ējum ( < *aigum, pres act 1pl of *aiganą), rīzanā ( < *reidaną~rīdaną), kiuranā ( < *keusaną)
- ērīs 'he/she/it frightens' ( < *gaisīþi) cf. avajs 'he/she/it has' ( < *habaiþi)
Status
Ending(s) | PG | Skā |
---|---|---|
a-stem masculine accusative singular | ą | ā |
a-stem masculine nominative singular | az | ah |
i-stem masculine accusative singular | į | ī |
i-stem nominative singular | iz | ih |
u-stem accusative singular | ų | ū |
u-stem nominative singular | uz | uh |
1st person singular present of verbs | ō | ā |
ō-stem adjective accusative singular | ǭ | ā |
ō-stem accusative plural | ōz | āh |
3rd person singular past of weak verbs | ē | ē |
a-stem dative singular | ai | ē |
short ja-stem neuter nominative singular | ją | jā |
short ja-stem masculine nominative singular | jaz | jah |
i-stem nominative plural | īz | īh |
long ja-stem masculine nominative singular | ijaz | jjah |
long ja-stem neuter nominative singular | iją | jjā |
3rd person singular past subjunctive | ī | ī |
adverb suffix | ô | ā |
genitive plural | ǫ̂ | ā |
ō-stem nominative plural | ôz | āh |
u-stem genitive singular | auz | auh (ōh) |
adverb suffix | ê | ē |
Example sentences
- sā hweū hwurhte sanā wulhwā hwure avajs
- þō fehū furhti þaną wulfą furi habaiþi.
- 'The cattle has fear of the wolf.'
- þō fehū furhti þaną wulfą furi habaiþi.
- sa wulhwā sā hweū ērīs
- sa wulfaz þō fehū ?gaisīþi. ( PIE *gheis-, cf. Goth. usgaisjan)
- 'The wolf terrorizes the cattle.'
- sa wulfaz þō fehū ?gaisīþi. ( PIE *gheis-, cf. Goth. usgaisjan)
A man says to another man…
This is in step 16 Skājamāl
— O, Hweho!
— Hweho?
— Hwehōh?!
— Ne, hweho!
— Hahā, hweho!