Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when
- the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ h) or a semivowel (j w);
- the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
- the consonantal root has 2 letters.
2-ȝ
- √t-ȝ-m 'to choose'
-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation
Binyan 1a
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past | taȝámθī | taȝámθa | taȝámθi | taȝā́m | taȝā́maθ | taȝámnė | taȝámθum | taȝámθin | taȝā́mū | taȝā́mė |
nonpast | ʔatȝā́m | θatȝā́m | θatȝā́mī | yatȝā́m | yatȝā́mī | natȝā́m | θatȝā́mū | θatȝámna | yatȝā́mū | yatȝámna |
optative | ʔatȝamánna | θatȝamánna | θatȝamī́nna | yatȝamánna | yatȝamī́nna | natȝamánna | θatȝamū́nna | θatȝamnánna | yatȝamū́nna | yatȝamnánna |
jussive | ʔátȝam | θátȝam | θátȝamī | yátȝam | yátȝamī | nátȝam | θátȝamū | θatȝámna | yátȝamū | yatȝámna |
imperative | - | taȝā́m! | taȝā́mī! | - | - | - | taȝā́mū! | taȝā́mė! | - | - |
active participle | tėȝḗm | |||||||||
passive participle | matȝū́m | |||||||||
verbal noun | tiȝė́m |
3-y
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ė from *-aya and -ē without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu.
Binyan 1a
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past; conditional | banáyθī | banáyθa | banáyθi | banė́ | banė́θ | banáynė | banáyθum | banáyθin | banū́ | banė́ |
present | ʔabėnḗ | tabėnḗ | tabėnī́ | yabėnḗ | yabėnī́ | nabėnḗ | tabėnū́ | tabėnḗna | yabėnū́ | yabėnḗna |
future | ʔabnḗ | tabnḗ | tabnī́ | yabnḗ | yabnī́ | nabnḗ | tabnū́ | tabnḗna | yabnū́ | yabnḗna |
optative | ʔabnénna | tabnénna | tabnī́nna | yabnénna | yabnī́nna | nabnénna | tabnū́nna | tabnēnánna | yabnū́nna | yabnēnánna |
jussive | ʔábne | tábne | tábnī | yábne | yábnī | nábne | tábnū | tabnḗna | yábnū | yabnḗna |
imperative | - | bunḗ! | bunī́! | - | - | - | bunū́! | bunḗna! | - | - |
active participle | bėnḗ | |||||||||
passive participle | mabnū́y | |||||||||
verbal noun | binė́θ |
3-w
These verbs have 3sg.m past -ō from *-awa and -ū without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.
Binyan 1a
→ Person ↓ Tense |
1sg | 2sg.m | 2sg.f | 3sg.m | 3sg.f | 1pl | 2pl.m | 2pl.f | 3pl.m | 3pl.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past; conditional | manawθī | manawθa | manawθi | manō | manōθ | manawnė | manawθum | manawθin | manū | manė |
nonpast | ʔamnū | tamnū | tamnī | yamnū | yamnī | namnū | tamnū | tamnė | yamnū | yamnė |
optative | ʔamnunna | tamnunna | tamnīnna | yamnunna | yamnīnna | namnunna | tamnūnna | tamnėnna | yamnūnna | yamnėnna |
jussive | ʔamnu | tamnu | tamnī | yamnu | yamnī | namnu | tamnū | tamnė | yamnū | yamnė |
imperative | - | manū! | manī! | - | - | - | manū! | manė! | - | - |
active participle | mėnū | |||||||||
passive participle | manū | |||||||||
verbal noun | minėθ |