Tchwerian

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Tchwerian
???
Pronunciation	[???]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Hussmauch
Language family	Quihum Pfeunic Tchwerian
Language codes
ISO 639-3	qwb

Tchwerian (brits Tşwer in Rhythoed, śwer Gein in Feiden) is a Pfeunic language with a large number of tones. Tchwerian is inspired by Hmong and Hungarian.

Todo

Clicks have to go

Numbers

• 1: wahm /jɛŋ21/
• 2: disser /tʂɨ41/
• 3: narg /nɛʔ33/
• 4: đauf /ǃy41/
• 5: säl /si21/
• 6: stuhm /tʂɔŋ55/
• 7: rut /ʔɔʔ11/
• 8: lerz /laː41/
• 9: pfarb /pʰɛʔ44/
• 10: kier /kʰiː55/

Historical phonology

Middle Wiebian

Middle Wiebian initials

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Click	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	/m̊/	/n̊/	/ɳ̊/	/ŋ̊!/	/ŋ̊/
	voiced	/m/	/n/	/ɳ/	/ŋ!/	/ŋ/
Stop	tenuis	/p/	/t/	/ʈ/	/ǃ/	/k/	/ʔ/
	aspirated	/pʰ/	/tʰ/	/ʈʰ/	/ǃʰ/	/kʰ/
	voiced	/b/	/d/	/ɖ/	/ɡǃ/	/ɡ/
Spirants	voiceless	/f/	/θ/		/ɧ/	/x/	/h/
	voiced		/ð/		/ɧ̬/	/ɣ/
Sibilants	voiceless		/s/	/ʂ/
	voiced		/z/	/ʐ/
Approximant	voiceless	/ʍ/	/l̥/
	voiced	/w/	/l/

Middle Wiebian vowels

	Front				Central		Back
	unrounded		rounded
	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	/i/	/iː/	/y/	/yː/			/u/	/uː/
Mid	/e/	/eː/	/ø/	/øː/		/əː/	/ɔ/	/oː/
Open	/æ/	/æː/					/ɑ/	/ɑː/

Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/

Tones:

• (-p m)
• (-p b)
• (-p g)
• (+p m)
• (+p b)
• (+p g)

Final changes

• Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
• -ŋ! > -ŋ
• stops > ʔ; nasals > ŋ

Retroflex/slender split

• ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
• ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
• a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
• e ~ je/i > ei
• əː ~ eː > ɛ
• au ~ ay > ɔ
• o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > œ
• u(ː) ~ y(ː) > y
• u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > uː
• uo ~ yø > ou
• aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
• auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
• ʔ > ʔ / r
• k > k / t͡ɕ
• ʈ > k / tʂ
• θ > ʂ / t
• ! > ! / |
• ɧ > r / r
• t > tʂ / ts
• p > p / pj
• n > ɳ / n
• ɳ > ŋ
• l > l / l or j depending on dialect
• r > l

Phonemic inventory

In this article, the phonemic values are also given in a pinyin.

Initials

Feisen Wiebian initials

		Labial		Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Click		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		plain	pal.				dental	retroflex
Nasal		m /m/	mj /mʲ/	n /n/			nzy /ŋǀ/	ny /ŋ!/		ng /ŋ/
Stop/Affricate	tenuis	b /p/	bj /pʲ/	dz /ts/	d /t/	dzs /ʈʂ/	dzy /ǀ/	gy /ǃ/	dzj /tɕ/	g /k/	/ʔ/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	pj /pʰʲ/	c /tsʰ/	t /tʰ/	cs /ʈʂʰ/	cy /ǀʰ/	ty /ǃʰ/	cj /tɕʰ/	k /kʰ/
Fricative		f /f/		sz /s/		s /ʂ/			szj /ɕ/	ch /x/	h /h/
Approximant		w /w/		l /l/					j /j/

Vowels

Tchwerian vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	unrounded	rounded	short	long
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	[ɨ]	[ɨː]	u /u/
Mid	e /ɛ/	ö /œ/			o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/	á /aː/

Diphthongs: é ő ó /ei øy ou/; /eiŋ øyŋ ouŋ/ = [eŋ~ẽĩ øŋ~ø̃ỹ oŋ~õũ]

Allowed finals -w, -j, -ʔ, -ŋ; øj, øw > øy. The pinyin indicates the nasal final by doubling the vowel letter.

Notes

• /i/ and /y/ retract to [ɨ] after retroflexes and retroflex clicks.
• Glottal stop and nasal finals may assimilate to the next consonant.

Tones

Feisen Wiebian has 10 tones.

Tchwerian tone reflexes from Middle Wiebian (1 = lowest; 5 = highest)

		Modal final	Breathy final	Glottalized final	Stop final
Voiceless initial	-phar	-Ø 55	-s 53	-t 44	-tt ʔ44
	+phar	-l 424	-f 35	-d 33	-dd ʔ33
Voiced initial	-phar	-n 21	-z 31
	+phar	-z 31	-v 13	-b 11	-bb ʔ11