Aoli
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Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | pp /p/ | tt /t/ | kk /k/ | |||||
voiced | p, mh /b/ | t, d /d/ | k, g, nh /g/ | ||||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n, nh /n/ | nj, ni /ɲ/ | ||||||
Trill | r, rh /r/ | ||||||||
Fricative | Normal | voiceless | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | s /s/ | c, lh /ʃ/ | |||
voiced | v /v/ | ð /ð/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||||||
Lengthened | voiceless | ff /fː/ | ss /sː/ | ||||||
voiced | vv /vː/ | ||||||||
Approximant | j /j/ | ||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l /l/ |
Vowels
Monophthongs | Diphthongs |
---|---|
i /ɪ/ | |
ii, ī /i/ | |
e /ə/ | ee, ē, ei, ae /e͡ɪ/ |
u /ə/ | uu, ū, eu /u/ |
o /ə/ | oo, ō /ɔ/ |
a /æ/ | aa, ā /a/ |
Morphology
Nouns
Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.
Gender
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
Plurals
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
Pronouns
Pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Person | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine |
First Person | iani | iane | iana |
Second Person | kasi | kase | kasa |
Third Person | edi | ede | eda |
Declension
Basic Cases
- Nominative
- Accusative
- Dative
- Malefactive
- Adverbial
- Vocative
- Contrastive
- Genitive
Oblique Cases
- Translative
- Exessive
- Essive
- Instrumental
- Prolative
Locative Cases
Internal
- Innesive
- Hyperessive
- Illative
- Hyperlative
- Elative
- Hyper-elative
- Supraperlative
- Hyperlative
- Perlative
Traversal
- Lative
- Superlative
- Prosecutive
- Terminative
Exodal
- Ablative
- Antessive
- Delative
- Eblative
Relational
- Superessive
- Supraessive
- Comitative
- Pertingent
- Apudessive
- Enclosive
- Forbative
- Locative
- Bative
- Transversive
- Circumfrentive
- Situative
- Abessive
- Intrative
- Subessive
Temporal Cases
- Temporal
- Temporal-lative
- Temporal-hyper-transversive
- Temporal-terminative
- Temporal-hyperbative
Articles
Articles | |||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Article | Singular | Plural |
Neuter | Definite | von | vono |
Indefinite | lhon | lhono | |
Feminine | Definite | ven | vene |
Indefinite | lhen | lhene | |
Masculine | Definite | van | vana |
Indefinite | lhun | lhunu |
Verbs
Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.
Negation
Haoli uses the circumposition ro VERB an.
Example:
The flower is not black.
Ro eiþi an asti veti.
Tense
- Present
- Imperfect
- Future
- Pluperfect
Mood
- Indicative
- Interrogative
- Subjunctive
- Conditional
- Imperative
- Jussive
- Opative
- Quotative
Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions
- aja – or
- isjo - so
- je – and
- jia – for
- jue – but
- laja – nor
- ajsi – than
- nho - that
- mho - yet
Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe kasa.