User:Aquatiki/Sandbox

Proto

Consonants of the Proto

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n		N
Stop	p b	t d	k g	q ʔ
Sibilant	f	s z		x
Fricative	þ	ł ɮ		h
Rhotic		r ɻ
Approximant		j	w

Vowels of the Proto

	Front		Back
High	i ī		u ū
Mid		ǝ
Low		a ā

no vowel hiatus

was SOV

Now

Super-fusional=polysynthetic

• z --> ʃ
• ɮ --> č
• ɻ --> ɚ
• ? --> ø

  m   n   ŋ        ܡo    ܢo     ܥ              MNŊ
  p b t d k g q ʔ  ܦoܒo  ܛoܖo  ܟoܓo ܩo ܐ.   PBTDKGQ
  ɸ~β s~z ʃ~ʒ χ~ʁ  ܧo    ܣo     ܙo     ܚo     (FV)(SZ)(ŠŽ)(XĦ)
  θ̼   ɬ   t͡ʃ  h    ܬo    ܫo     ܨo    ܗo      þ   Ł  Č   H
      r   l               ݍo     ܠo              R  L
      j   w               ܝo      ܘo              Y  W

 i=j     u=w      ܐܺorܐܻ  x  ܐܽorܐܾ
 e=h     o=ħ      ܐܶorܐܷ  x  ܐܳorܐܴ
 ɚ=r a=ʔ ǝ=ø      ܐ݅orܐ݆  x  ܐܰorܐܱ  x  ܐ݃orܐ݄

Diphthongs

First: ey, ai, ow, aw. Second: all long vowels (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, ɚɚ).

Morae: (C)V = 1, CVV/CVC = 2, CVVC = 3. Stress is on the third from the end mora (or the first syllable – obviously – if its too short). This is easiest to remember in the writing without vowels: stress is on the third to last letter.

yes gemination

Nouns

Genders: three big groups, with five in the last

1. Eternal: these are all (attributes of) God, O Righteousness, God of Love, Geometry in the Mind of God
2. Forms: these are the Forms as they existed embodied before the Fall, True Man=Adam, table-ness, some angels
3. Natural: these are all here and now, after the Fall, maybe sinful, maybe not
   1. People - man, woman, spiritual beings
   2. Animals - domestic animals, occupations, highly-complex tools, faces, hands, families, cities
   3. Beasts - non-domestic animals, moving things (water, fire), medium tools, body part*
   4. Seeds - technically alive, inert tools, homes, regions/places,
   5. Rocks - not alive, verbal nouns, mass nouns

Numbers: there are three

1. Singulative - takes the place of definiteness, "THE ONE"
2. Paucal - a few, some, a couple
3. Collective - unmarked, quasi-plural

Prefixes

	Eternal	Form	Person	Animal	Beast	Seed	Rock
S	š(a)-	??	??	??	??	??	??
P		?	?	?	?	?
C

Case: there are three -- suffixes

1. Nominative: (also doubles as vocative) -ø
2. Accusative: -(u)L
3. Oblique: (mainly genitive and dative) -(w)o

Person: 3rd person always agrees with one of the 7 genders. There is 1S, 2S, 1PX, 1PI, 2P, 1C, 2C

Pronouns: As in Hebrew, they can be independent or affixed. Independent is only used in simple (copulative) sentences. The prefixes attach to postpositions (like Hebrew), they attach to nouns to mark possession, and the verbs to mark the accusative.

Verbs

_ uses normal Nominative-Accusative morphosyntactic alignment. Verbs are marked for

1. (if transitive) object person slot
2. (optional) applicative slot
   1. passive
   2. mediopassive
   3. benefactive
   4. instrumental
   5. locative
   6. comitative
3. (optional) noun-incorporation slot
4. lexical verb, which inflects for
   1. subject person
      • there 12 of these!
   2. aspect --- like Hebrew perfect vs imperfect
      1. continuous
      2. aorist (perfective)
      3. future (irrealis)
   3. evidentiality --- like Qal vs Piel vs Hiphil
      1. direct
      2. hearsay
      3. inferential
      4. imperative/cohortative/optative
5. (optional) auxiliary slot --- these are old "to be equal (是)", "to be at/exist (在)", and "to have (有)". These three times the three aspects make nine conjugations

   1.          : Continuous Aorist      Irrealis

   2. Not one  : present.   past.       subjunctive.

   3. ye old be: pres. cont past cont.  conditional

   4. ye old at: imperfect  past. impf. fut. imperf.

   5. old have : perfect.   plurperf.   fut. perf.

6. (optional) indirect object person slot
7. (optional) negation slot

Participles and infinitives are handled completely separately, like other stems (a la Hebrew)

Syntax

Word order is totally free, but it used to be SOV, so there is some tendency for the verb to come at the end.

Derivation

_ is a triconsonantal language, like Hebrew or Akkadian. It is largely spell-able without the vowels, once you know the language.

There are very regular patterns for noun and verb creation, which we will document with the very regular word BáLrM, to hate. The lexical form is BóLeM. Where there are two in a slot, the top is exclusive and the bottom is inclusive

Direct

BóLeM

	Aorist			Continuous			Subjunctive
	sg	pauc	collect	sg	pauc	collect
1	BóLMoÞ	BóLMiQ	BóLMiM
		BóLMoS	BóLMoŊe
2	BoLéYM	BoLéMrĦ	BóLMiN
3E	BóLeM
3F	BoLMŕPoŠ	BóLMaŠe
3P	BóLMiŁ	BoLéMŁeY	BoLŁéMuW
3A	BoLeMKoŊ	BoLŕŊMo	BoLMoŊ
3B	BoLeMČeT	BoLMeTu	BoLMrÇ
3S	BoLéMZrŽ	BóLMrŽ
3R	BoLíMÞiM