Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 /bələn/ is a "CW-complex" language spoken in eastern Cuadhlabh. It's inspired by Turkish, Vietnamese and an older draft of Ancient Wiebian.
Todo
Notes
- A = one of the vowels ȧ/a/ω
- E = one of the vowels ė/e/o
- I = one of the vowels i/ı/u
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Medial | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ņ /ɲˁ~ɳ/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | ț /cˤ~ʈ/ | k /k/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | ḑ /ɟˤ~ɖ/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||
| Fricative | f /f/ | t̆ /θ/ | s /s/ | ș /çˤ~ʂ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| Approximant | lateral | l /l/ | ļ /ʎˁ~ɭ/ | |||||
| central | w /β̞~w/ | d̆ /ð̞/ | y /j/ | r /jˤ~ɻ/ | ğ /ɣ̞~ɰ/ | |||
- Notes
- Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated.
- The medial consonants /ɲˁ, cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, ʎˁ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and may be retroflex or sulcalized retroflex [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɭ, ɻ] or pharyngealized pre-velar/"bunched" [ŋ̟ˁ, k̟ˤ, g̟ˤ, x̟ˤ, ʟ̟ˁ, ɹ̈]. The medial consonants are principally characterized by a low third formant (F3).
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | ı /ɨ~ɯ/ | u /u/ |
| Close-mid | ė /e/ | e /ə~ɤ/ | o /o/ |
| Open-mid/Open | ȧ /æ~ɛ/ | a /ä/ | ω /ɒ~ɔ/ |
Belen has vowel harmony with front vowels (i ė ȧ), central vowels (ı e a), and back vowels (u o ω).
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
- /l ɭ ɻ/ are not allowed in onset position.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 is topic-prominent, like Japanese and Korean.
Final b, d, ḑ, g are lenited to approximants v, d̆, r, ğ before a prefix beginning with a consonant.
- -nU = plural (nȧx = person, nȧxni = people; med = house, med̆nı = houses; suḑ = woman, surnu = women; ŋω = head > ŋωnu = heads)
- -ņ, -ț + -nU > -ņņU, -țņU
- -dOr/-d̆Or = topic marker (nȧx = person, nȧxdėr = as for the person; med = house, medder = as for the house; suḑ = woman, suḑḑor = as for the woman, ŋω = head > ŋωd̆or = as for the head)
- -t, -ņ, -ḑ, -ț, -ļ + -dOr > -ttOr, -ņḑOr, -ḑḑOr, -ţţOr, -ļḑOr
Pronouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Numerals
- 1: kı /kɨ/
- 2: goș /goʂ/
- 3: wildė /wilde/
- 4: alm /alm/
- 5: ḑerg /ɖəɻg/
- 6: nȧy /nɛj/
- 7: ark /aɻk/
- 8: t̆ıņț /θɨɳʈ/
- 9: hωm /hɔm/
- 10: bıņ /bɨɳ/
- 11: șur /ʂuɻ/
- 12: fert /fəɻt/
- 13: fert kı /fəɻt kɨ/
- 14: fert goș /fəɻt goʂ/
...
- 24: ņωx /ɳɔx/
- 36: tifėn /tifen/
- 48: xef /xəf/
- 60: nisėb /niseb/
- 72: jȧm /jɛm/
- 84: arked /aɻkəd/
- 96: t̆ıņțed /θɨɳʈəd/
- 108: hωmod /hɔmod/
- 120: bıņed /bɨɳəd/
- 132: șurod /ʂuɻod/
- 144: kulb /kulb/
Syntax
Belen syntax is mostly shared with the larger CW-complex sprachbund. Unusually for a CW-complex language, it is topic-prominent.