User:IlL/Spare pages 1/69
Al-Ȝarebydda is an alternative history descendant of Classical Arabic inspired by Welsh and Praimhín's Vrushka; it is intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is more Irishy (Irish has lots of a, á, í, ú; velarization; some suffixes like -án, -ún, -ín, -ú, -(a)í, -t(e)á, -anna, ...)
Diachronics
Conditioning factors: before or after emphatic consonants, stress
Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)
- a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
- i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
- u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/
Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates
alif > 0
yā' > /ð/ ddai
ḍād > /ɬ/ llawd
sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ sin, šin, sjawd
ṭā' > /p/ ex. ṭayyib > peddyb /pɛðəb/ 'good'
tā' > /t/
ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ghebi /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; fuhr /vyhər/ 'noon'
qāf > /k/ c, kāf > /tʃ/ č
jīm > /g/
fā > /v/
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Medial | Palatal | Velar | Radical | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||||
| Plosive | plain | p /pʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | ĉ /tʃ/ | c /kʰ/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||||
| Non-sibilant | unvoiced | th /θ/ | ch /χ/ | ħ /ħ/ | h /h/ | |||
| voiced | f /v/ | dd /ð/ | gh /ʁ/ | ȝ /ʕ/ | ||||
| Sibilant | unvoiced | s /s/ | sj /ɧ/ | ŝ /ʃ/ | ||||
| voiced | z /z/ | |||||||
| Lateral | unvoiced | ll /ɬ/ | ||||||
| voiced | l /l/ | |||||||
| Trill | r /r/ | |||||||
Vowels
a e i o w y ø u /a ɛ i ɔ u ə œ y/ + lots of diphthongs
Stress
Always penultimate
Morphology
Conservative declension, analytic verbs
Nouns and adjectives
No broken plurals
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | baet | baetae | baetw |
| Accusative | baet | baetei | baeti |
| Genitive | beit | baetei | baeti |
'goodness':
- sg. choer, chaer, cheir
- pl. chyddoer, chyddaer, chyddeir (broken plural, triptote)
try to save as much declension as possible
-a (nom), -a (acc), -e (gen) (feminine sg.)
-o/-ae (nom), -ei (acc, gen) (m. dual)
-tae (nom), -tei (acc, gen) (f. dual)
-w (nom), -i (acc, gen) (masculine plural)
-ot/-aet (nom), -eit (acc, gen) (feminine plural)
ʔaxḍar, xaḍrā, xuḍr is regularized to ʔachllar, ʔachllara, ʔachllaro, ʔachllartae, ʔachllarw, ʔachllarot 'green'
broken plurals - ?