Tigol
Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages
Tigol (TEE-gol, in Tioccál from Thensarian Tincatlom; Eevo: Tygol; Anbirese: Tigol) is a Talmic language which arose from northern dialects of Proto-Talmic. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages.
Todo
- Óc Eo
Primitive Eevo
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | h /h/ | ||||
| voiced | [z] | ||||||
| Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | w /ʋ/ | l /l/ | j /j/ | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
| Mid | e /ɛ/ | o /ɔ/ | ||||
| Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ | ||||
The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ui.
Todo
- Agcaoili - a name
- ull = place name morpheme (eul- in Anbirese)
- Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
- Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
- ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
- dobanis > dobh = to be like
- change ħ to ŋ
- immer < *φimmirae < φinae mirae = now
- Verb prefixes:
- ar-: on, at
- (deut.) as-: telic
- (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
- é-: with, co-
- fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
- for-: causative, through
- (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
- imm-: immediately
- (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
- ro-: down
- sol-: a causative
- (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
- (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
- (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
- Derivational affixes:
- -ach = verbal noun
- -aitt = adjectivizer
- -all = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
- an-/é- = intensive; 'very'
- -óid = origin suffix
- A nDessachthar = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
- *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").
- i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
- a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
- u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.
Orthography
Talmic script; borrow h from Windermere script
Phonology
Consonants
- b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/
- "Lenition": ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/
- "Eclipsis": mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
- Geminates: cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/
Vowels
- a e i o u /a e i o u/
- á é í ó ú /aː eː iː oː uː/
- ai ei io oi ui
- ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/
All five short vowels a e i o u could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.
Morphology
- Main article: Tigol/Morphology
Syntax
Poetry
Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.
- In Amroctaíḃ Óc Eo = The Chronicles of Óc Eo