Proto-Almean
BL AL P VL U G
NS m n ɲ
EJ p’ t’ k’
ST p b t d k g q ʔ
FR f v s z x h
LQ l ʀ
F C B
CL i u
MD e o
OP a
p’ t’ k’ → p t k
q ʀ → k ɾ
V → j ⧸ before or after a less fronted and closed vowel
e i → ø y ⧸ in some envs
o u → ø y ⧸ in some envs
Proto-Angaric
BL AL P VL G
NS m n ɲ
ST p b t d k g ʔ
FR f v s z x h
LQ ɾ l
SV j
F C B
CL i y u
MD e ø o
OP a
ɲ → { n, ŋ }
h ʔ → ∅
v z → f s ⧸ _[-voice]
z l → ɾ ⧸ V_V
z l → d
v → ʋ → ∅
BL AL P VL
NS m n ŋ
ST p b t d k g
FR f s x
LQ ɾ
SV j w
F C B
CL i y u
MD e ø o
OP a
|
| → |
| | ___
|
− consonantal
+ high
+ front |
|
|
Consonants become palatalized before high front vowels and approximants. Consonants become divided into two colors: high vs low.
East Angaric
BL AL P VL
NS m mʲ n nʲ ŋ ŋʲ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t tʲ d dʲ k kʲ g gʲ
FR f fʲ s sʲ x xʲ
LQ ɾ ɾʲ
SV j w
F C B
CL i y u
MD e ə o
OP a
|
+ consonantal
+ dorsal
+ high
+ front |
|
| → |
|
+ coronal
+ distributed
− anterior |
|
|
Palatalized velars become palatal consonants.
BL AL PL VL
NS m mʲ n nʲ ɲ ŋ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t tʲ d dʲ c ɟ k g
FR f fʲ s sʲ ʃ x
LQ ɾ ɾʲ
SV j w
F C B
CL i u
MD e ə o
OP a
|
− sonorant
+ continuant
− voice |
|
| → |
| |
___
|
Voiceless fricatives become voiced between voiced segments.
Major vowel shift product of foreign influence
Low Angaran
BL AL PL VL G
NS m mʲ n nʲ ɲ ŋ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t tʲ d dʲ c ɟ k g
FR f fʲ v vʲ s sʲ z zʲ ʃ ʒ h
LQ ɾ ɾʲ
SV j w
F C B
CL i u
MD e ə o
OP a
|
+ sonorant
+ coronal
+ high
+ front |
|
| → |
|
+ coronal
+ distributed
− anterior |
|
|
Alveolar sonorants become palatals.
High Angaran
BL AL PL VL G
NS m mʲ n ∅ ɲ ŋ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t tʲ d dʲ c ɟ k g
FR f fʲ v vʲ s sʲ z zʲ ʃ ʒ h
LQ ɾ ʎ
SV j w
F C B
CL i y u
MD e ə o
OP a
|
− sonorant
+ coronal
- dorsal |
|
| → |
|
Non palatalized obstruents become dental alveolars.
BL AL PL VL G
NS m mʲ n ɲ ŋ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t̪ tʲ d̪ dʲ c ɟ k g
FR f fʲ v vʲ θ sʲ ð zʲ ʃ ʒ h
LQ ɾ ʎ
SV j w
F C B
CL i y u
MD e o
OP a
Imperial Angaran
BL AL PL VL G
NS m mʲ n ɲ ŋ
ST p pʲ b bʲ t̪ tʲ d̪ dʲ c ɟ k g
FR f fʲ v vʲ θ s ð z ʃ ʒ h
LQ ɾ ʎ
SV j w
F C B
CL i y u
MD e o
OP a
Early Modern Angaran
F C B
CL i ɨ u
MD e o
OP a
