Verse:Irta/Judajsr
Izeweg (אַן יעס אידעוועק [an jes i'zeweg] 'the Jewish language'), historically Judeo-Galatian, is the traditional Northern European Jewish ("Tsarfati") vernacular in Irta. It is the second most spoken Celtic language and the most spoken Jewish language in-universe. It's (essentially) a Brythonic Celtic language and a descendant of Old Galoyseg. It's a possible answer to the question "What would a Jewish Celtic language look like?"
In-universe English name?
PIE ē becomes tzere (merging with Proto-Brythonic *ė), PIE ei becones /oj/
Writing
Vowels
/a aj e ej i o oj u uj ɨ aw ew iw ow/ אַ אַי ע עי אי אָ אָי אוֹ אוֹי אוּ אַוו עוו איוו אָוו
Consonants
Default native spelling
Abstract c g ch gh ng ngh כּ ק כ ג נק נכּ
Abstract t d th dh n nh תּ ט ת ד נ נתּ
Abstract p b ph bh m mh פּ בּ פ ב מ מפּ
j r l ll w s š h 2 י ר ל לּ וו ס ש ה א
Mutations
The new consonant is prefixed in front of the mutated word with a hyphen: אַנאַ נתּ-תּוֹרה ana nhTuro 'in the Torah'.
Hebrew reading
Izeweg has no vowel reduction in Hebrew and Aramaic loans, unlike Yiddish. Stress is just shifted to penultimate (as in native Izeweg).
/2 b v g γ d δ h w z H T j k x l m n s 3 p f S q r š t θ/ = [(none)~2 p= v g x t= δ~z h w δ~z h t= j kh x l m n s (none)~2 ph f ts= k= r š th s]
TibH /i e E a O o u ŠN HP HS HQ/ = [i ej~aj e a o u y a a e o]
L dagesh > Welsh ll. Some pronounce sin as ll.
Mutations
Same as in Welsh but
- g post vocalically mutates to c'h
- no m > v
- ll but no rh
- t spirant mutates to s
Grammar
More analytic than Colloquial Welsh, while Galoyseg is basically Cornish or Literary Welsh
Nouns
Indef article אין, def article אַן (> אים and אַם before /p b f m v/), feminine singular article triggers soft mutation
default native pl אָוו
(יעס > יעסאָוו) 'language'
sometimes עד
(ריען > ריענעד) 'woman'
Prepositions
"in" combining form with def article is אַנאַ (< *yno yn; triggers nasal mutation) or אַנאַן (before a vowel), otherwise it's מעוון (even when the noun is semantically definite)
*am also changes for indefinites to קעלך (~ cylch), def article is אַמאַ(ן)
Verbs
Default verber is -יאָ like in Welsh (influenced by Hebrew feminine marker)