Hantza/Test Case Sentences

218 test case sentences taken from http://fiziwig.com/conlang/syntax_tests.html.

Sentences

1. "The sun shines" - Tzinawa do matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-bright ART sun
2. "The sun is shining" - see above, no distinction in progressive
3. "The sun shone" - Tzinawa do matz/Tzinanawa do matz/Tzilanawa do matz (imperfective/delimitative/perfective)
4. "The sun will shine" - Tzitunawa do matz - 3SG.AN-FUT-bright ART sun
5. "The sun has been shining" - Tzinawa do matz
6. "The sun is shining again" - 'Tzinawa te do matz
7. "The sun will shine tomorrow" - Tzitunawa XYZ do matz
8. "The sun shines brightly" - Tzinisawa do matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-<MDP>bright ART sun
9. "The bright sun shines" - Tzinawa do nawa matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-bright ART bright sun

Notes

• Matz "sun" is grammatically animate, hence the prefix tzi- on the verb.
• The imperfective mode is unmarked.
• The only overt tense distinction in Hantza is non-future/future.
• Adverbs that are semantically similar to the related verb are often conveyed in Hantza by the intensive mediopassive.
• See here for more on attributive adjectives.