Proto-Hlou-Shum

Proto-Talsmic phonology

Proto-Talsmic reconstructed consonants
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		*m	*n
Plosive	voiceless	*p	*t	*c	*k	*q	*ʔ
	voiced	*b	*d	*ɟ	*g
	aspirated	*pʰ	*tʰ	*cʰ	*kʰ	*qʰ
Fricative	voiceless		*s	*ç			*h
Fricative	voiced		*z	*ƶ		*ʁ
Approximant		*w		*j		*ʁ
Trill			*r
Lateral app.			*l

/qʰ/ may have been realized as an affricate, [qχ].

*qʰ > *χ
*ʔ=ʔ > *ʔ
*kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ > *x *ç *θ *ɸ
*ēj > *ie
Pronominal grammaticalization begins
*ie often > *i / _#
*c > *ŧ
*ç *ƶ
- > (laminal fricatives) > *θ *ð
- > *x _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
*k > *x / _{d, t, ŧ}
*tk, *ck *tkʰ/kʰ > *xt, *xŧ, *kθ
*ɟ > *ʎ
Themsaran rhotacization 1: *z > *r / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
coronal obstruent + sibilant_i > sibilant_isibilant_i
*oi *ui > *ȳ
*ou > *ū
Tonogenesis event: *=ʔ > word-final tonic syllable
*tl *dl
- > *kl *gl / #_
- > *tl *rl / V_
*u, *w > *y / C_#
*CC[+resonant]{C, #} > *CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
- Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
*ıy[ː] > i[ː]
*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ > *mp, *nt, *lt, *rt; *mh, *nh, *lh, *rh > *mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ
*nr > *ndr, *lr > *ldr
Verbal tone patterns are established
*h
- > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
- > [~ː] / _#
*ʔ
- > [ː~] / _C
- > [~ː] / _#
*q *χ > *ʡ *ħ
*ʁ > *ʕ / unless _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
*w, *ʁ > *v
*ʕ > *ħ
- > 0 / otherwise
*ʡ
- > ħ / _{*t, *ŧ}
C[+radical] > a / _#

Note: ~ denotes *ʔ or *h