Nouns
Kwenya nouns have the following template:
STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)
Kwenya lost gender.
Cases
γλωσσα 'tongue, language'
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| Nominative
|
γλωσσα
hlusa |
γλωσσαι
hluse
|
| Vocative
|
γλωσσα!
hlusa! |
γλωσσαι!
hluse!
|
| Accusative
|
γλωσσαν
hlusan |
γλωσσας
hlusar
|
| Genitive
|
γλωσσας
hlusar |
γλωσσων
hlusun
|
| Illative
|
γλωσσανεις
hlusanir |
γλωσσαςεις
hlusarir
|
| Inessive
|
γλωσσανδο
hlusando |
γλωσσωνενδο
hlusunëndo
|
| Elative
|
γλωσσαξε
hlusaksë |
γλωσσωνεξε
hlusunëksë
|
| Adessive
|
γλωσσαρειτ
hlusarit |
γλωσσωνειτ
hlusunit
|
| Allative
|
γλωσσαβαι
hlusabe |
γλωσσωμβαι
hlusumbe
|
| Ablative
|
γλωσσαμπο
hlusampo |
γλωσσαπο
hlusapo
|
| Instrumental
|
γλωσσαδω
hlusadu |
γλωσσωνδω
hlusundu
|
| Essive
|
γλωσσαπρε
hlusaprë |
γλωσσωμπρε
hlusumprë
|
| Translative
|
γλωσσανειν
hlusanin |
γλωσσαςειν
hlusarin
|
| Abessive
|
γλωσσαχω
hlusakhu |
γλωσσωγχω
hlusankhu
|
| Comitative
|
γλωσσαμε
hlusamë |
γλωσσωμμε
hlusummë
|
|
οικος 'house'
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| Nominative
|
οικος
wekor |
οικοι
wekwe
|
| Vocative
|
οικε!
wekë! |
οικοι!
wekwe!
|
| Accusative
|
οικον
wekon |
οικους
wekũr
|
| Genitive
|
οικου
wekũ |
οικων
wekun
|
| Illative
|
οικονεις
wekonir |
οικουςεις
wekũrir
|
| Inessive
|
οικουνδο
wekũndo |
οικωνενδο
wekunëndo
|
| Elative
|
οικουξε
wekũksë |
οικωνεξε
wekunëksë
|
| Adessive
|
οικουρειτ
wekũrit |
οικωνειτ
wekunit
|
| Allative
|
οικουβαι
wekũbe |
οικωμβαι
wekumbe
|
| Ablative
|
οικομπο
wekompo |
οικουπο
wekũpo
|
| Instrumental
|
οικουδω
wekũdu |
οικωνδω
wekundu
|
| Essive
|
οικουπρε
wekũprë |
οικωμπρε
wekumprë
|
| Translative
|
οικονειν
wekonin |
οικουςειν
wekũrin
|
| Abessive
|
οικουχω
wekũkhu |
οικωγχω
wekunkhu
|
| Comitative
|
οικουμε
wekũmë |
οικωμμε
wekummë
|
|
δωρον 'gift'
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| Nominative
|
δωρον
duron |
δωρα
dura
|
| Vocative
|
δωρον!
duron! |
δωρα!
dura!
|
| Accusative
|
δωρον
duron |
δωρα
dura
|
| Genitive
|
δωρου
durũ |
δωρων
durun
|
| Illative
|
δωρονεις
duronir |
δωραεις
durair
|
| Inessive
|
δωρουνδο |
δωρωνενδο
|
| Elative
|
δωρουξε |
δωρωνεξε
|
| Adessive
|
δωρουειτ |
δωρωνειτ
|
| Allative
|
δωρουβαι |
δωρωμβαι
|
| Ablative
|
δωρομπο |
δωραπο
|
| Instrumental
|
δωρουδω |
δωρωνδω
|
| Essive
|
δωρουπρε |
δωρωμπρε
|
| Translative
|
δωρονειν |
δωραειν
|
| Abessive
|
δωρουχω |
δωρωγχω
|
| Comitative
|
δωρουμε |
δωρωμμε
|
|
πολις 'city'
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| Nominative
|
πολις |
πολες
|
| Vocative
|
πολι! |
πολες!
|
| Accusative
|
πολιν |
πολες
|
| Genitive
|
πολιως |
πολιων
|
| Illative
|
πολινεις |
πολεςεις
|
| Inessive
|
πολιωνδο |
πολιωνενδο
|
| Elative
|
πολιωξε |
πολιωνεξε
|
| Adessive
|
πολιωρειτ |
πολιωνειτ
|
| Allative
|
πολιωβαι |
πολιωμβαι
|
| Ablative
|
πολιμπο |
πολεπο
|
| Instrumental
|
πολιωδω |
πολιωνδω
|
| Essive
|
πολιωπρε |
πολιωμπρε
|
| Translative
|
πολινειν |
πολεςειν
|
| Abessive
|
πολιωχω |
πολιωγχω
|
| Comitative
|
πολιωμε |
πολιωμμε
|
|
Possessive suffixes
γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...
Adjectives
Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ
καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
καλος
kalor
|
καλοι
kale
|
| female
|
καλη
kalya
|
| inanimate
|
καλον
kalon |
καλα
kala
|
| attributive
|
καλ(ο)-
kal(o)-
|
καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
καλοςων
kalorun
|
καλοντες
kalontër
|
| female
|
καληρα
kalyara
|
| inanimate
|
καλονον
kalonon |
καλαντα
kalanta
|
| attributive
|
καλομοντ
kalomont
|
καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| active
|
καλοστι!
kalosti! |
καλοστε!
kalostë!
|
|
ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.)
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
ευγενης
yuhënyar
|
ευγενεις
yuhënir
|
| female
|
ευγενης
yuhënyar
|
| inanimate
|
ευγενες
yuhënër |
ευγενη
yuhënya
|
| attributive
|
ευγεν(ο)-
yuhën(o)-
|
ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
ευγενηςων
yuhënyarun
|
ευγενειντες
yuhënintër
|
| female
|
ευγενηςα
yuhënyara
|
| inanimate
|
ευγενεςον
yuhënëron |
ευγενηντα
yuhënyanta
|
| attributive
|
ευγενομοντ
yuhënomont
|
ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| active
|
ευγενοστι!
yuhënosti! |
ευγενοστε!
yuhënostë!
|
|
Verbs
Two voices: active, passive
Principal parts: present stem, past stem
φαγων 'eat' - present active
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
φαγων
phahun
|
φαγοντες
phahontër
|
| female
|
φαγουςα
phahũra
|
| inanimate
|
φαγον
phahon |
φαγοντα
phahonta
|
| attributive
|
φαγοντ
phahont
|
φαγων 'eat' - past active
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
φαγας
phahar
|
φαγαντες
phahantër
|
| female
|
φαγαςα
phahara
|
| inanimate
|
φαγαν
phahan |
φαγαντα
phahanta
|
| attributive
|
φαγας
phahar
|
φαγων 'eat' - imperative active
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| active
|
φαγε!
phahë! |
φαγετε!
phahëtë!
|
|
φαγων 'eat' - present passive
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
φαγομενος
phahomënor
|
φαγομενοι
phahomëne
|
| female
|
φαγομενη
phahomënya
|
| inanimate
|
φαγομενον
phahomënon |
φαγομενα
phahomëna
|
| attributive
|
φαγομεν
phahomën
|
φαγων 'eat' - past passive
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| male
|
φαγομενοςων
phahamënorun
|
φαγαμενοντες
phahamënontër
|
| female
|
φαγομενηςα
phahamënyara
|
| inanimate
|
φαγαμενονον
phahamënonon |
φαγαμεναντα
phahamënanta
|
| attributive
|
φαγομενομοντ
phahomënomont
|
φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive
|
Singular |
Plural
|
| active
|
φαγομεστι!
phahomësti! |
φαγομεστε!
phahomëstë!
|
|
Numbers
All numbers are indeclinable:
1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka
11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)
100: ëkaton
1000: khilya