Kwenya Greek

Kwenya (Κοινη) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta.

Diachronics

Proto-Kwenya

Very close to 2nd century BC Egyptian Greek

Old Kwenya

η ω → iə uə

Phonology

Consonants

• μ ν γγ = /m n ŋ:/ (γκ γχ = /ŋ: ŋkʰ/)
• π τ κ = /p t k/
• β δ = /b d/
• φ θ χ = /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
• σ γ = /s h/
• ζ = /z/
• ϝ ρ/ς λ = /w ɾ l/

Vowels

α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ ⟨a ë i o wi ya u e i yu ya yo we ũ⟩

Prosody

Stress

Stress is always initial.

Morphology

Nouns

Kwenya nouns have the following template:

STEM-case.number-(possessive suffix)

Kwenya lost gender.

Possessive suffixes

γλώσσαμου, γλώσσασου, γλώσσατου, γλώσσαμων, γλώσσασων, γλώσσατων = my language, ...

Adjectives

Adjectives have an attributive form and predicative forms that agree by number, animacy and gender. They also have past tense and imperative forms like verbs. also -wir, -ia, -wi < ύς-εία-ύ‎

καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense

	Singular	Plural
male	καλος kalor	καλοι kale
female	καλη kalya
inanimate	καλον kalon	καλα kala
attributive	καλ(ο)- kal(o)-

καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense

	Singular	Plural
male	καλοςων kalorun	καλοντες kalontër
female	καληρα kalyara
inanimate	καλονον kalonon	καλαντα kalanta
attributive	καλομοντ kalomont

καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative

	Singular	Plural
active	καλοστι! kalosti!	καλοστε! kalostë!

ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.)

	Singular	Plural
male	ευγενης yuhënyar	ευγενεις yuhënir
female	ευγενης yuhënyar
inanimate	ευγενες yuhënër	ευγενη yuhënya
attributive	ευγεν(ο)- yuhën(o)-

ευγενης 'gentlemanly/ladylike' (3nd decl.); past tense

	Singular	Plural
male	ευγενηςων yuhënyarun	ευγενειντες yuhënintër
female	ευγενηςα yuhënyara
inanimate	ευγενεςον yuhënëron	ευγενηντα yuhënyanta
attributive	ευγενομοντ yuhënomont

ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative

	Singular	Plural
active	ευγενοστι! yuhënosti!	ευγενοστε! yuhënostë!

Verbs

Two voices: active, passive

Principal parts: present stem, past stem

φαγων 'eat' - present active

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγων phahun	φαγοντες phahontër
female	φαγουςα phahũra
inanimate	φαγον phahon	φαγοντα phahonta
attributive	φαγοντ phahont

φαγων 'eat' - past active

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγας phahar	φαγαντες phahantër
female	φαγαςα phahara
inanimate	φαγαν phahan	φαγαντα phahanta
attributive	φαγας phahar

φαγων 'eat' - imperative active

	Singular	Plural
active	φαγε! phahë!	φαγετε! phahëtë!

φαγων 'eat' - present passive

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγομενος phahomënor	φαγομενοι phahomëne
female	φαγομενη phahomënya
inanimate	φαγομενον phahomënon	φαγομενα phahomëna
attributive	φαγομεν phahomën

φαγων 'eat' - past passive

	Singular	Plural
male	φαγομενοςων phahamënorun	φαγαμενοντες phahamënontër
female	φαγομενηςα phahamënyara
inanimate	φαγαμενονον phahamënonon	φαγαμεναντα phahamënanta
attributive	φαγομενομοντ phahomënomont

φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive

	Singular	Plural
active	φαγομεστι! phahomësti!	φαγομεστε! phahomëstë!

Numbers

All numbers are indeclinable:

1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka

11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...)

100: ëkaton

1000: khilya

Syntax

Constituent order

Kwenya syntax is similar to Finnish.