Zzean
In Hmøøh, Zzean /ˈθiːən/ (Zzean: Zzea kī̄ /θiə̯˧ ki˥/, Eevo: łynøñ Þea) is an analytic monosyllabic tonal language spoken on the island country Zzea (Zzean: Zzea Lga̗y /θiə̯˧ ʟɑj˩˥/) off the southwestern coast of the continent Kjàt Må̀. Zzean has a complex tone system even for a Kjàt Må̀ language, with 5 level tones and 6 contour tones. It is head-final and SVO. Zzean belongs to a small family called the Zzeic languages but otherwise has no known relatives. Zzean is inspired by East and Southeast Asian tonal languages, Ojitlán Chinantec, Toda, and Saanich.
Phonology
The following is the phonology of Standard Zzean.
Phonotactics
A morpheme is almost always monosyllabic. A syllable always has the structure IRT, where I = initial, R = rime, and T = tone. Zzean has 33 initials, 9 rimes, and 11 tones, making 3267 possible syllables.
Rimes
i/e/ə/ɑ/ej/əj/ɑj/iə̯/ɨə̯~ɨ
i/e/ə/a/ey/əy/ay/ea/ua
Initials
m/n̪/n/ɳ/p/t̪/t̪s̪/t/ts̠/tʃ/ʈ/ʈʂ/k/ʔ/f/θ/s̪/θ̠/s̠/ʃ/ʂ/x/h/l̪/ð̞/l/r/ɭ/ɻ/ʟ/ɰ/j/w
m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k/0/f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w
Tones
English names: "top, high, mid, low, bottom, bottom-rise, mid-rise, top-fall, mid-fall, dip, peak"
˥/˦/˧/˨/˩/˩˥/˧˥/˥˩/˧˩/˨˩˨~˩˨/˨˧˨~˧˦˧~˦˨
ā̄/ā/a/a̱/a̱̱/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â
| Rom. | IPA | English name | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ā̄ | /˥/ | top | kā̄ /kɑ˥/ 'short' |
| -n | low level / low checked (21~11) | laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' | |
| -b | high level / high falling (55~53) | Laub /ləu˥˧/ 'leaf' | |
| -d | dipping / low falling (313~31) | Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe' | |
| -g | breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' | |
| -s | rising (24) | laus /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive' | |
| -ß | broken rising (3ˀ5) | Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' |
Tones have a high functional load in Þhea Kï. The following is a tonal minimal 11-tuplet:
- kā̄: short
- kā: coat
- ka: to take
- ka̱: to breathe
- ka̱̱: to burn (intrans.)
- ka̗: roof
- ká: fencepost
- kà: crow/raven; (ideophone) caw
- ka̖: finger
- ka̬: grease
- kâ: to imprint, to stamp
Tone box
| A (null or resonant coda) (2/6) | B (glottal stop coda) (1/6) | C (fricative coda) (1/6) | D (voiceless stop coda) (1/6) | E (voiced stop coda) (1/6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modal initial (3/8) | 33 (a) | 212 (a̬) | 22 (a̱) | 35 (á) | 11 (a̱̱) |
| Breathy initial (3/8) | 31 (a̖) | 15 (a̗) | 343 (â) | 15 (a̗) | 343 (â) |
| Creaky initial (2/8) | 51 (à) | 44 (ā) | 11 (a̱̱) | 55 (ā̄) | 51 (à) |
Awkwords input
C: m/nh/n/nr/p/th/tz/t/ts/tx/tr/tsr/k//f/zz/z/ss/s/x/sr/kh/h/lh/zh/l/r/lr/rr/lg/g/y/w
R: ā̄/ā/a/a̱/a̱̱/a̗/á/à/a̖/a̬/â/ā̄y/āy/ay/a̱y/a̱̱y/a̗y/áy/ày/a̖y/a̬y/ây/ē̄/ē/e/e̱/e̱̱/e̗/é/è/e̖/e̬/ê/ē̄y/ēy/ey/e̱y/e̱̱y/e̗y/éy/èy/e̖y/e̬y/êy/ē̄a/ēa/ea/e̱a/e̱̱a/e̗a/éa/èa/e̖a/e̬a/êa/ī̄/ī/i/i̱/i̱̱/i̗/í/ì/i̖/i̬/î/ə̄̄/ə̄/ə/ə̱/ə̱̱/ə̖/ə́/ə̀/ə̗/ə̬/ə̂/ə̄̄y/ə̄y/əy/ə̱y/ə̱̱y/ə̖y/ə́y/ə̀y/ə̗y/ə̬y/ə̂y/ū̄a/ūa/ua/u̱a/u̱̱a/u̖a/úa/ùa/u̗a/u̬a/ûa
Dialects
Orthography
Zzean is written in the Zzean script and uses a very deep orthography, like Tibetan.
Vocabulary
Zzean is generally purist.