Guide: Concept sets

Concept sets extracted from CLLD Concepticon 3.1.0

Agriculture and vegetation

Action/Process

• Bear fruit: To produce or yield fruits. [3054]
• Bloom: To bear flowers or to start bearing flowers; to blossom. [3287]
• Burn land: Clear an area with fire. [3539]
• Cultivate: To prepare an area by tilling, planting seeds etc. in order to grow plants. [1541]
• Dig: To move earth, rocks, etc. out of the way, usually to create a hole. [1418]
• Fell (a tree): To cut down a tree. [463]
• Grow plants: To cultivate a specific type of plant in order to harvest it. [3461]
• Harvest crops: To gather the ripened crop. [1827]
• Irrigate: To supply with water; to water. [3078]
• Mow: To cut all the grass, crop or any thin plants of a surface area of the ground. [190]
• Plant (something): To put a plant in the ground so that it strikes root and grows. [1486]
• Plough: To use a plough on to prepare for planting. [1921]
• Pull up weeds: To remove weeds from e.g. a field. [3548]
• Put out to pasture: To put livestock into a field or pasture or meadow to graze. [2031]
• Smoke (inhale): To inhale smoke from for example a cigarette or a cigar. [1689]
• Sow seeds: To scatter or disperse seeds on a field. [748]
• Thresh: Separating the grain from the straw or husks by beating. [285]
• Till: Prepare land for cultivation by work such as ploughing, harrowing, and manuring. [3273]

Person/Thing

• Acai palm: A species of palm tree in the genus Euterpe cultivated for its fruit and hearts of palm. [2437]
• Achiote: A derivative of the achiote trees of tropical regions of the Americas used as a red food coloring and as a flavoring. [349]
• Acorn: Fruit of the oak tree. [968]
• Alang-alang grass: It is a perennial high grown grass native to Asia, Australia and Africa. [464]
• Almond: The edible and cultivated fruit of the tree Prunus dulcis in the family Rosaceae. It resembles a nut and can be sold shelled or unshelled. [3815]
• Apple: The popular, crisp, round fruit of the apple tree, usually with red, yellow or green skin, light-coloured flesh and pips inside. [1320]
• Apricot blossom: The flower of the Apricot Tree. [2745]
• Apricot tree: A tree that bears the apricot fruit. [2357]
• Asparagus: A spring vegetable. [2605]
• Aspen: A kind of poplar tree (genus Populus; section Populus). [903]
• Babassu palm: Type of palm (Attalea speciosa) widely spread in Brazil; its fruit is edible and used to produce oil and medicine [3925]
• Bamboo: A group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. [1927]
• Banana tree: The tropical treelike plant which bears clusters of bananas. The plant, of the genus Musa, has large, elongated leaves. [1795]
• Banana: The fruit of the banana tree. [868]
• Banyan: A tropical Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, that has many aerial roots. [346]
• Baobab tree: Genus of big trees (Adansonia) from the mallow family, growing in tropical countries. [997]
• Bark: The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree. [1204]
• Barley: A strong cereal of the genus Hordeum, or its grains, often used as food or to make malted drinks. [932]
• Beech: Any tree of the genus Fagus, of temperate regions, having a smooth gray bark and bearing small, edible, triangular nuts. [1950]
• Beer banana: Triploid banana cultivars originating from the African Great Lakes region. [2251]
• Betel pepper vine: A vine of the species 'Piper betle' whose leaves are chewed for its medicinal properties. [177]
• Betelnut: The seed of the areca palm (Areca catechu). [217]
• Birch: A tree of the genus Betula, with small leaves and a trunk that is white with darker blotches. [1855]
• Bitter buckwheat: Fagopyrum tataricum, a domesticated plant similar to the (sweet) buckwheat. [3256]
• Blueberry: Perennial flowering plants with indigo-coloured berries from the section Cyanococcus. [2809]
• Bran: The hard outer layers of cereal grain. It consists of the combined aleurone and pericarp. [2362]
• Branch or twig: A woody part of a tree arising from the trunk or from another branch. [3223]
• Branch: A woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing. [1531]
• Brazil nut: Edible seed of a tree (bertholletia excelsa); used to produce medicine [3928]
• Brazilian cedar: Native Brazilian tree (Cedrela odorata). Its wood is often used for canoes [3929]
• Broad bean: Bean of the plant Vicia faba, also known as fava bean. It is typically large, of a pale green colour, and edible. [3839]
• Buckwheat: (Fagopyrum esculentum) An annual plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour. [2040]
• Bud: A bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. [1684]
• Bulb: A bulb is the part of some plants that stores food while the plant is resting from growing. [2617]
• Bush: A plant resembling a small tree, but has no, and will never develop, a stem. [1683]
• Cactus: A mamber of the plant family Cactaceae. [2595]
• Calabash: (Not to confuse with gourd) a plant from the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical America. It has a form of a small tree, producing fruit of the globular shape. It is also known under the name of Crescentia cujete and its fruits are mostly used to make utensils, containers, and musical instruments. [3918]
• Carrot: Domesticated root vegetable usually orange or red in colour. [3085]
• Cashew: A tropical evergreen tree that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple. [2441]
• Cassava: Shrub (Manihot esculenta) whose roots are rich in starch. [925]
• Cecropia: Common designation of several species of the Cecropia genus (genus Cecropia) [3931]
• Chaff (husk): The outer shell or coating of a seed. [2363]
• Chestnut tree: Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. [1009]
• Chinese plum: An Asian tree species classified in the Armeniaca section of the genus Prunus subgenus Prunus. [2356]
• Chonta palm: Species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family, trunked palm tree which is endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands archipielago in the southeast Pacific Ocean west of Chile. [440]
• Citrus fruit: The fruits of a plant in the citrus genus. They have a leathery rind surrounding segments filled with pulp vesicles. [1126]
• Clove: The aromatic flower bud of a clove tree, used as a spice. [2000]
• Coca: A plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. [137]
• Cocoa bean: The dried and fully fermented fatty seed of Theobroma cacao, from which cocoa solids and cocoa butter are extracted. [2442]
• Coconut tree: A tropical tree with feathery leaves which bears coconuts. [147]
• Coconut: The large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk of the cocos palm. [970]
• Cone: The fruit of a pine or fir tree. [287]
• Coriander: Annual herb in the family Apiaceae. [3241]
• Corn field: A field in which corn is grown. [449]
• Corn husk: The outer covering of a corncob. [3686]
• Cornflower: A composite plant, Centaurea cyanus, having narrow leaves and blue flower heads. [1960]
• Cotton wool: The cotton-looking seeds of a cottonwood tree that are spread around by the wind during the shedding season (usually from late spring to early summer). [3442]
• Cranberry: The red and typically sour berry of several evergreen shrubs in the family Ericaceae. [3840]
• Crops: The output of plants cultivated that is grown on a large scale. [3081]
• Cucumber: The edible fruit of the cucumber plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh. [496]
• Cypress: A common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs of northern temperate regions that belong to the family Cupressaceae. [3243]
• Dandelion: A species of the genus Taraxacum, a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. [1800]
• Date (fruit): The sweet, edible fruit of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera of the family Arecaceae. [3801]
• Dibble stick: A piece of wood with a point used for making holes in the ground for seeds, seedlings or small bulbs. [3155]
• Digging stick: A rod shaped implement used by the aboriginal people of Australia to dig yam and as a combat weapon. [339]
• Ditch: A long, narrow excavation artificially dug in the ground; especially an open and usually unpaved waterway, channel, or trench for conveying water for drainage or irrigation, and usually smaller than a canal. Some ditches may be natural watercourses. [2002]
• Dog-rose: The dog-rose (rosa canina) is a variable climbing wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia and whose fruit is known as hip. [527]
• Ear (of grain): The upper part of grain plants. [3244]
• Elm: A tall tree with broad leaves. [3317]
• Eucalypt: Tree or wood for plants with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to closely related genera found across Australia. [3007]
• Famine: A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. [199]
• Farm: Any tract of land or building used for agricultural purposes, such as for raising crops and livestock. [201]
• Farmer: A person who works the land or who keeps livestock, especially on a farm. [979]
• Fence: Delimitation for an area. [1690]
• Fern: Any member of a large group of vascular plants in the family Filices who have neither flowers nor seeds. [3802]
• Field (upland): A dry field rather than a flooded paddy field. [2794]
• Field: A limited area of land with grass or crops growing on it, which is usually surrounded by fences or closely planted bushes when it is part of a farm. [212]
• Finger millet: Eleusine coracana, a herbaceous plant characteristic for the hability to withstand cultivation at high altitudes. [3265]
• Fir: An evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Abies. [1915]
• Fish poison: In Amazonia, a kind of root is apparently used as fish poison. [348]
• Flax or linen: A plant with blue flowers that is cultivated for its stem to make linen or its seeds to make oil, or a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. [3462]
• Flax: A plant with blue flowers that is cultivated for its stem to make linen or its seeds to make oil. [3315]
• Flower: The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants, consisting of stamens and carpels surrounded by petals and sepals all borne on the receptacle. [239]
• Forked branch: At this point a branch is forked into two or more branches. [409]
• Foxtail millet: Staria italica, an annual grass grown for human food and related to (broomcorn) millet. [3266]
• Fraxinus: Any of the trees belonging to the genus Fraxinus. [1089]
• Furrow: The cut made in a field by a plough. [1794]
• Garden: A piece of land next to a house where flowers and other plants are grown and which often has an area of grass. [586]
• Garlic: A species in the onion genus, Allium. [2368]
• Gebang palm: Tree of the Corypha Utan species. [3156]
• Genipa: Either a species of trees in the family Rubiaceae native to the tropical forests of Americas or its fruit (also referred to as “genipap”). A Genipa tree typically has large smooth or hairy leaves and ovoid-shaped fruit with large and flat seeds. [3920]
• Ginger: A herbaceous perennial which grows annual stems about a meter tall bearing narrow green leaves and yellow flowers. [2500]
• Glutinous rice: A type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia and the eastern parts of South Asia, which has opaque grains, very low amylose content, and is especially sticky when cooked. Also called oryza sativa var. glutinosa, sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice. [2750]
• Gourd or melon: Either a gourd or a melon. [3398]
• Gourd: A plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, native to tropical Africa. It represents a creeping vine, usually grown for its fruits that, as a rule, can have a variety of shapes: from rounded to globular, bottle- or club-shaped or even slim and coiled. [411]
• Grain: Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock. [605]
• Granary: A building for storing threshed grain. [3657]
• Grapefruit or pomelo: The fruit of the pomelo tree, Citrus maxima, of the family Rutaceae, or the fruit of the grapefruit tree, Citrus x paradisi, a citrus hybrid which originated from crossing pomelos and oranges. Due to the recent origin of the grapefruit and the close genetic relatedness between both fruits, they are often not differentiated lexically. [3804]
• Grapevine: A climbing plant that produces grapes and belongs to the family Vitaceae. [3769]
• Grass: A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. [606]
• Grassland: Areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses. [2819]
• Green coconut: A green (i.e., not mature) oval nut with a fibrous husk of the cocos palm, used as source of coconut water. [3034]
• Groundnut (peanut): A nutlike fruit from the plant Arachis hypogaea that grows on long stems under ground. [595]
• Harrow (tool): An agricultural implement consisting of many spikes, tines or discs dragged across the soil. [2545]
• Harvest or harvest season: The crop gathered in a season and the time during which crops are typically harvested. [3541]
• Harvest: The crop gathered in a season. [611]
• Hawthorn: Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches. [1168]
• Hay: Cut and dried grass for use as animal fodder. [342]
• Hemp: A tall annual herb, Cannabis sativa, native to Asia. [2041]
• Herb: A flowering plant that is valued for its medical properties. [2542]
• Highland barley: A subpecies of the cereal of the genus Hordeum, typically cultivated in the Himalaya region. [3079]
• Hoe: A tool with handle and blade with two or more prongs used for weeding, raking, etc. [284]
• Hops: Used to refer to flowers of the hop plant, used as flavouring or bittering agent in cooking and brewing activities. [3316]
• Inga (genus): Genus of plants commonly found in Brazil [3934]
• Jackfruit: A species of tree in the fig, mulberry and breadfruit family (Moraceae). [2655]
• Job's tears: A tall grain-bearing plant of the Poaceae family; coixseed; yi yi. [3281]
• Kapok tree: Either the Bombax ceiba (tree with red flowers), or the Calotropis procera, or the Ceiba pentandra. [2499]
• Kiwifruit: Edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus Actinidia. [3247]
• Larch: A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves. [116]
• Lasso: A long rope with a sliding loop on one end, generally used in ranching to catch cattle and horses. [340]
• Leaf spine: A hard, rigid extension of leaves with sharp, stiff ends. [2803]
• Leaf: The main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk. [628]
• Lemon: Fruit with yellow rind and acidic/sour juice. [3091]
• Lentils: A small seed that is dried and used in cooking. [3330]
• Liana: A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the fores . [2388]
• Liber (inner bark): The inner most layer of bark (particularly from a tree). [3950]
• Lime (fruit): A green citrus fruit. [982]
• Lontar palm: Species of the genus Borassus of fan palms. [3030]
• Lotus: One of two species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. [2359]
• Mahogany tree: A species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. [455]
• Maize: A type of grain of the species Zea mays. [506]
• Mandarine: A small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. [2367]
• Mango: The fruit from the Mango tree. [2398]
• Mangrove: Any of various tropical evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in shallow coastal water; Plants of the Rhizophoraceae family and/or of the genus Rhizophora. [350]
• Manioc flour: Flour made of the cassava plant or root. [324]
• Manioc: Shrub (Manihot esculenta) whose roots are rich in starch. [927]
• Manzanita: Species of the genus Arctostaphylos; evergreen shrubs or small trees present in the chaparral biome of western North America. [520]
• Maple tree: A group of trees belonging to the genus acer. [3248]
• Melon: A fruit of any of the species from the family Cucurbitaceae that has relatively hard inedible shells and plenty of sweet flesh. The fruits may vary in size but is usually not smaller than one decimeter in diameter. [507]
• Millet: A group of small-seeded species of cereal crops, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. [931]
• Miriti palm: Mauritia flexuosa, a palm tree of the family Arecaceae, common to tropical regions of South America. [3811]
• Moringa tree: Species of the genus Moringa, widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas and used in herbal medicine. [3031]
• Moss: Any plant of the class Bryophyta, occurring in nearly all damp habitats. [637]
• Mountain soursop (annona montana): Type of tree found in the Amazon [3936]
• Muer (fungus): An ear-shaped edible fungus that belongs to the species of Auriculariaceae and is used in medicine and culinary. [3392]
• Mugwort: A common name for several species of aromatic plants in the genus Artemisia. [2361]
• Mushroom: An organism belonging to a family of Basidiomycetes that are characterized by the production of spores on gills. [641]
• Nature: The physical world including all living things as well as the land and the seas. [3897]
• Needle tree: A needle of coniferous tree. [286]
• Nettle: Any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae). [B:33] [33]
• Oak: Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. [644]
• Oat: A species of grass (Avena sativa) grown for its seed. [60]
• Okra: A flowering plant in the mallow (Malvaceae) family valued for its edible pods; okro, ochro; ladies' fingers. [1737]
• Onion: A vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. [2366]
• Orange (fruit): A fruit of the citrus species citrus x sinensis. [2627]
• Osmanthus fragrans: A small tree species native to Asia from the Himalayas through southern China. [2747]
• Paddy field: A flooded field where rice is grown. [140]
• Paddy: Wet land in which rice is grown. [283]
• Palm tree: Any of various evergreen trees from the family Palmae or Arecaceae, which are mainly found in the tropics. [1181]
• Pandanus: Palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. [469]
• Peach blossom: The flower of the Peach Tree. [2746]
• Peach palm: A species of palm, also know as Bactris gasipaes, native to the tropical forests of Central and South America. [3919]
• Peach tree: The tree that bears peaches as fruits. [2358]
• Peach: The soft, sweet, juicy fruit of the peach tree, usually with a red or orange skin, yellow flesh and a large stone inside. [2043]
• Peanut: A species in the family Fabaceae (commonly known as the bean, pea or legume family). [2364]
• Pear: A fruit produced by the pear tree. [922]
• Persimmon: Edible fruit of a number of species of trees of the genus Diospyros in the ebony wood family. [2044]
• Pine: Evergreen coniferous tree of the genus Pinus. [1740]
• Pineapple: A tropical plant with edible multiple fruit consisting of coalesced berries, also called pineapples, and the most economically significant plant in the Bromeliaceae family. [2440]
• Pipe: A device consisting of a mouthpiece, a long pipe stem and a pipe bowl, that is used to smoke tobacco. [1124]
• Pitchfork: An agricultural tool comprising a fork attached to a long handle used for pitching hay or bales of hay high up onto a haystack. [337]
• Plant (vegetation): Any living organism that synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion. [653]
• Plant stem: One of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. [2628]
• Plantago: A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. [3221]
• Plantain: A kind of banana that is normally cooked and not eaten raw. [399]
• Plough (instrument): An agricultural device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting. [2154]
• Plum blossom: The flower of the Chinese Plum. [2744]
• Poplar: Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus. [821]
• Prickly ash: A flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. [3253]
• Pumpkin: A squash fruit of the Cucurbita genus, most commonly orange in colour when ripe and traditionally used during Halloween. [864]
• Radish: An edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. [2365]
• Rake: A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting grass or debris, or for loosening soil. [338]
• Ramie: A perennial shrub native to Eastern Asia, with broad leaves and clusters of greenish flowers. [3063]
• Raspberry: The edible, berry-like fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae, most typically red, small and sweet. [3803]
• Reed: Any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water. [659]
• Ribes: A member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family Grossulariaceae, native to parts of western Europe (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, and northern Italy). It is a deciduous shrub normally growing to 1-1.5 m tall, occasionally 2 m, with five-lobed leaves arranged spirally on the stems. [1988]
• Rice flour: A flour made from finely milled rice, distinct from rice starch which is produced by steeping rice in lye; rice powder. [3285]
• Rice husk: The husk of rice seeds. [2501]
• Rice plant: An erect grass, Oryza sativa, that grows in East Asia on wet ground and has drooping flower spikes and yellow oblong edible grains that become white when polished. [2026]
• Rice seedling: The seedling of a rice plant. [3767]
• Rice straw: The dry stalks of the rice plant. [3391]
• Rice: Seeds of the rice plant (Oryza sativa) used as food. [926]
• Ripe coconut: A ripe (i.e., mature) oval nut with a fibrous husk of the cocos palm, used as source of coconut meat. [3035]
• Root: The absorbing and anchoring organ of a vascular plant; it bears neither leaves nor flowers and is usually subterranean. [670]
• Rose: A showy flower of any of a genus (Rosa of the family Rosaceae, the rose family). [3882]
• Rye: Biennial plant from the genus Secale of the family Poaceae, used as a cereal or for forage. [23]
• Sap: The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition. [345]
• Scythe: A farm tool consisting of a long bent blade attached to a shaft, that is designed for cutting straws of grass or grain from an upright position. [20]
• Seed: A mature fertilized plant ovule, consisting of an embryo and its food store surrounded by a protective seed coat (testa). [714]
• Seedling: A young plant produced from a seed. [3050]
• Sesame: A flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. [2797]
• Shea nut tree: Tree of the Sapotaceae family,indigenous to Africa, commonly known as shea tree. The shea fruits are oil-rich seed from which shea butter is extracted. [454]
• Shovel: A tool consisting of a stick (usually out of wood) and a bigger, slightly humped surface (usually out of metal), which is used to move material such as earth, snow, grain, etc. from one place to another. [1901]
• Shrub: A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. [751]
• Sickle or scythe: Any portable tool that is used to cut grass or cereal crops in agriculture. [2132]
• Sickle: An implement, having a semicircular blade and short handle, used for cutting long grass and cereal crops in agriculture. [341]
• Sorghum: A cereal, Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor, the grains of which are used to make flour and as cattle feed. [347]
• Soya: An annual plant native to East Asia that is widely cultivated for its fruit. [2027]
• Spade: Tool having a flat and sharp metal tip and a wooden handle used to break, dig and move the earth. [1176]
• Spike: The fruiting body of a grain plant. [1249]
• Sprout (shoot): The early growth of a plant. [3358]
• Spruce: Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions. [545]
• Strawberry: Soft, red fruit with yellow seeds on its surface. [3138]
• Stump of tree: The short piece left over after cutting off the most part. [1023]
• Sucker: An undesired stem growing out of the roots or lower trunk of a shrub or tree, especially from the rootstock of a grafted plant or tree. [546]
• Sugar cane: A tropical grass of the genus Saccharum having stout, fibrous, jointed stalks, the sap of which is a source of sugar. [146]
• Sugar palm: Common name for several palm species used to produce sugar, especially Arenga pinnata. [3029]
• Sunflower: Annual plant with a large yellow flowering head of the genus Helianthus and the family of the Asteraceae. [1956]
• Sweet olive flower: The flower of teh Osmanthus Fragrans. [2748]
• Sweet olive: A species native to Asia from the Himalayas through southern China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan) to Taiwan and southern Japan and southeast Asia as far south as Cambodia and Thailand. [2360]
• Sweet potato: A dicotyledonous plant of the family Convolvulaceae, having an edible tuberous root. [159]
• Swidden field: A piece of land cleared for farming by burning away vegetation. [429]
• Tamarind: A tropical tree, native to Africa, including Sudan and parts of the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. [35]
• Taro: Colocasia esculenta, raised as a food primarily for its corm, which distantly resembles potato. [351]
• Thorn: A sharp and hard structure that grows on a plant. [124]
• Threshing-floor: Dry flat area where the grain is separated from the straw or husks by beating. [223]
• Tobacco: Leaves of certain varieties of the tobacco plant, cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing. [974]
• Tree or wood: Either any perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves, or the porous and vibrous structural tissue of which the stems of these plants consist. [2141]
• Tree stump: A small remaining portion of the trunk of a tree with the roots still in the ground. [241]
• Tree trunk: The main structural member of a tree. [344]
• Tree: Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. [906]
• Treetop: The uppermost part of a tree; crown. [3036]
• Trunk of tree: The part of the body from the neck to the groin excluding the head and limbs. [776]
• Tucuma palm: A palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation, typical of the Pará state in Brazil. [2439]
• Tule: A giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes. Dyed and woven, tules are used to make baskets, bowls, mats, hats, clothing, duck decoys, and even boats by Native American groups. [521]
• Turmeric: A rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant (Curcuma longa) of the ginger family. [2842]
• Turnip: A cultivated Eurasian plant, Brassica rapa, of the mustard family, whose whitish root and leaves are edible. [3062]
• Twig: A branch that doesn't arise from the trunk but from another branch. [3222]
• Unhusked rice: The unhusked crops of the rice plant. [2749]
• Vine: A climbing plant which grows up or over things. This also includes types which do not produce grapes. [343]
• Walnut: Large deciduous tree (Juglans regia) in the Walnut Family (Juglandaceae) which produces an edible fruit with a hard shell and oil-rich seed. [2042]
• Wax gourd: Benincasa hispida, a species of Cucurbitaceae family, which owes its name to the wax coating of its shell. Wax gourd is cultivated for its fruit and used in both savoury and sweet dishes due to its mild flavour. [3444]
• Weed: A plant that grows wild and profusely, especially when considered undesirable for agriculture. [3288]
• Wheat: Plant belonging to genus Triticum and to family Poaceae (also known as Gramineae). [1077]
• Wild rice: A plant of the genus Zizania with edible grains and stem. [3390]
• Willow: Any of various deciduous trees or shrubs in the genus Salix. [818]
• Yam: It is the common name for a versatile vegetable which is mainly grown in West Africa, Asia and Latin America. [410]

Property

• Floral: A design or landscape which incorporates representations of flowers. [3756]

Animals

Action/Process

• Barking: To produce a loud, short, explosive sound similar to that of a dog. [1206]
• Brood (verb): To keep an egg warm to make it hatch. [2075]
• Cackle: To produce an unpleasant, sharp sound, characteristic of a hen, especially after laying an egg. [3683]
• Drive (cattle): Cause animals to move while following them. [2868]
• Geld: To remove the testicles (and sometimes penis) of a male animal or to render the testicles nonfunctional. [29]
• Graze: To feed on grasses and herbage in a field or on pastureland. [3058]
• Growl: To make a low sound in the throat, usually as a sign of anger. [3679]
• Hatch (out): Emergence from an egg. [3116]
• Peck: (Of a bird) to move the beak forward quickly to strike, bite, or pick up something. [3684]
• Perch (of bird): To land and rest on a perch, branch, fence, etc. [3682]
• Ruminate: (Of an animal) to chew the food brought back from the stomach and partially digested. [3680]
• Shear: To remove the fleece from a sheep etc. by clipping. [1532]
• Spawn (verb): The process by which aquatic animals produce eggs. [2227]
• Taming: To domesticate an animal, bird, etc.; to make them used to living with and/or working for humans. [3901]

Other

• Bark or shell: Cover of the bodies of animals and plants, including the hard exterior part of mollusks, oysters, etc. [3865]

Person/Thing

• Agouti: A rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs. [313]
• Albatross: Any seabird of the family Diomedeidae. Some species are among the largest flying birds in the world. [3796]
• Alligator: A reptile belonging to the subfamily Alligatorinae in the family Alligatoridae in the order Crocodylia. [1581]
• American black bear: A member of the Urisdae family (Ursus americanus) native to North America. [3611]
• Anaconda (water boa): Any of various large non-venomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [896]
• Animal: Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals. [619]
• Ant: Any of the black, red, brown, or yellow insects of the family Formicidae characterized by a large head and by living in organized colonies. [587]
• Anteater: A mammal of the suborder Vermilingua having elongated snouts and feeding on ants and termites. [181]
• Antelope: Any of even-toed deer-like mammals of the family Bovidae, indigenous to various parts of Africa and Eurasia. [3674]
• Anthill: A mound of earth made by ants as they dig their nest. [1873]
• Ape or monkey: Any of the species of Simiiformes, including Hominoidea (but typically excluding humans). [3298]
• Armadillo: (Family Dasypodidae) Burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates. [1885]
• Baboon: Large ground based monkey having doglike muzzles. [1197]
• Badger: A mammal which belong to the family Mustelidae. [3717]
• Bandicoot: Marsupial of Peramelemorphia order. [3012]
• Barbel: European freshwater fish belonging to the family of carps (Cyprinidae), Genus of barbus. [524]
• Bat: A small, nocturnal, flying mammal of the order Chiroptera, which navigates by means of echolocation. It looks like a mouse with membranous wings extending from the forelimbs to the hind limbs or tail. [1793]
• Bear: A large beast of prey of the family Ursidae, related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet. [1820]
• Beaver: A mammal of the genus Castor, having a wide, flat tail and webbed feet. [1194]
• Bedbug: A small blood-sucking insect that lives in houses, especially beds. [1949]
• Bee: Any of the membranous-winged insects which compose the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera characterized by a hairy body and by sucking and chewing mouthparts. [665]
• Beehive: A structure that provides a natural habitation for bees; as in a hollow tree. [88]
• Beeswax: A yellowish or dark brown wax secreted by honeybees for constructing honeycombs. [1931]
• Beetle: A group of insects which are biologically classified in the order Coleoptera /koʊliːˈɒptərə/. [2242]
• Bird nest: A nest in which birds lay and hatch their eggs. [3549]
• Bird of paradise: A bird of the family Paradisaeidae. [2673]
• Bird: Any of the bipedal, warm-blooded vertebrates that lay eggs having wings which, for most species, enables them to fly. [937]
• Bison: Large horned wild animal of the Bovidae family. Related to buffalo but differs, for example, in horn shape and form. [3142]
• Bivalvia (mussels or oysters): A class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. [2785]
• Black cockatoo: Black cockatoo, usually the Palm cockatoo. [3013]
• Black duck: Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa). [3014]
• Blue tongued skink: Australian skins comprising the genus Tiliqua. [3021]
• Blue-and-yellow macaw: Type of bird commonly found in South America with blue and yellow feathers [3927]
• Boar (male pig): An adult male pig. [1348]
• Body louse: A parasitic insect that infests the body and clothes of humans and feeds on blood. [311]
• Bovine: Member of the Bovinae subfamily, mostly pointing to bulls, cows and oxes. [3044]
• Budgerigar: A bird which is often kept as a pet and belongs to the species of Melopsittacus undulatus. [3720]
• Buffalo: A wild heavy bison of the species Bison bison, having a broad massive horned head. [934]
• Bug: Any of the suborder Heteroptera, having piercing and sucking mouthparts, specialized as a beak. (Source: CED) [1027]
• Bull: Male bovine animal. [1008]
• Butterfly: A lepidopteran that is active at day. [1791]
• Buzzard: Diurnal bird of prey belonging to the Accipitridae family. [1865]
• Cage: A structure, usually made with bars or wire, for confining animals. [3283]
• Caiman: A reptile belonging to the subfamily Caimaniae in the family Alligatoridae in the order Crocodylia. [2438]
• Calf: Young cattle. [1989]
• Camel: A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus. [1871]
• Capon: A castrated rooster. [2567]
• Caprine (goat or sheep): Member of the caprinae family, mostly pointing to sheep and goat. [2684]
• Capybara: The largest living rodent native to South America, living partly on land and partly in water. [314]
• Carabao: A swamp-type domestic water buffalo found in the Philippines. [2515]
• Carp (fish): Oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae. [2685]
• Cassowary: A big flightless bird native to tropical forests of New Guinea, nearby islands and northeastern Australia. [466]
• Castrated boar: A castrated male pig. [2565]
• Cat: A common four-legged animal (Felis silvestris) that is often kept as a household pet. [1208]
• Caterpillar: The larvae of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). [2247]
• Catfish: Any of ray-finned fish with long stiff barbels, resembling a cat's whiskers. There are diverse types of catfish, ranging in size and appearance and inhabiting mostly freshwater environments. [3777]
• Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals, including cows, steers and bulls, raised and bred on a ranch or farm. [1153]
• Cebus monkey: A Central and South American monkey, Cebus capucinus, having a prehensile tail and hair on the head resembling a cowl. [439]
• Centipede: Any of various flattened, wormlike arthropods of the class Chilopoda, whose bodies are divided into many segments, each with one pair of legs. [1974]
• Chameleon: (Chamaeleonidae) A squamate that belong to one of the best-known lizard families. [1555]
• Cheetah: Wild Animal of the cat family with characteristic dark spots. [3146]
• Chick: A young bird that has not yet reached adulthood. [2512]
• Chicken chick: A young chicken that has not yet reached adulthood. [2513]
• Chicken nest: The nest of a chicken. [2764]
• Chicken: A type of domesticated bird from the order of Galliformes which is often raised as a type of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus). [1318]
• Chiggoe (jigger flea): A flea, Tunga penetrans, of tropical America and Africa, the impregnated female of which embeds itself in the skin, especially of the feet, of humans and animals and becomes greatly distended with eggs. [438]
• Chimpanzee: A great ape which is native to Africa and is suggested to be the closest extant relative to humans. [3734]
• Cicada: Insects in the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha. [2353]
• Civet: A carnivorous mammal of the Viverridae family, found across South East Asia. [3157]
• Claw: The hard, keratin part growing at the feet of animals. [72]
• Coati (coatimundi): Coatis, genera Nasua and Nasuella, also known as the coatimundi, Mexican tejón, cholugo, or moncún, Costa Rican pizote, hog-nosed coon,[3] Colombian cusumbo, and other names, are members of the raccoon family (Procyonidae). [2389]
• Cockroach: The most primitive of the living winged insects. [1575]
• Collared peccary: Piglike hoofed mammal of the genus Tayassu, of North and South America, having a dark gray coat with a white collar. [435]
• Comb of bird: A fleshy growth on the top of the head of some birds. [188]
• Coral snake: A large group of elapid snakes that can be subdivided into two distinct groups, Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. [2240]
• Cormorant: Medium sized, black water bird from the family of the cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), scientific name: Phalacrocorax carbo [840]
• Cow dung: The faeces of a cow. [3435]
• Cow: Female bovine animal (Bos taurus) of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. [1007]
• Cowshed: A barn for cows. [3400]
• Coyote: (Canis latrans) A member of the Canidae family native to North America. [912]
• Crab claw: Curved pointed appendage of crabs. [2812]
• Crab: Decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting tail (abdomen) (Greek: βραχύς / brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually entirely hidden under the thorax. [2348]
• Crane: A large bird of the order Gruiformes and the family Gruidae having long legs and a long neck which it extends when flying. [1830]
• Crayfish (freshwater): Freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters. [2813]
• Crayfish: A freshwater crustacean resembling a small lobster. [467]
• Crested myna: A species of starling native to southeastern China and Indochina. [2346]
• Cricket: Insects related to grasshoppers. [2354]
• Crocodile: Any large tropical reptile of the family Crocodylidae: order Crocodylia. They have a broad head, tapering snout, massive jaws, and a thick outer covering of bony plates. (Source: CED) [1857]
• Crow: A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles; it has a harsh, croaking call. [913]
• Crucian carp: A medium-sized member of the common carp family. [2784]
• Crustaceans (prawns or shrimp): Small crustaceans with an exosceleton and ten legs. [2686]
• Cuckoo: The cuckoos are a family of birds, Cuculidae, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes. [2934]
• Curassow: A bird, the crested curassow or royal pheasant. [315]
• Cuttlefish: Marine animals with unique internal shell. [2814]
• Deer: The common name for 41 species of even-toed ungulates that compose the family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla; males have antlers. [1936]
• Dingo: The dingo (Canis lupus dingo) is a free-ranging dog found mainly in Australia. [2460]
• Dog: A common four-legged animal, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things. [2009]
• Dolphin: A carnivorous aquatic mammal inhabiting mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves. [1479]
• Donkey: A domesticated animal, Equus asinus. [1862]
• Dove: One of several birds of the family Columbidae. [1853]
• Dragon: A mythical creature typically depicted as a large horned serpent (Asia) or a winged, fire-breathing reptile (Europe), with magical or spiritual qualities. [2038]
• Dragonfly: Predatory insect of the order Odonata. [2352]
• Duck: An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet. [1360]
• Duiker: Any of several ruminants of the family Bovidae, chiefly of Africa and Asia, having permanent, hollow, unbranched horns. [1872]
• Dung (animal faeces): Animal faeces. [2057]
• Eagle or hawk: Large carnivorous bird with a hooked bill and good vision. [2683]
• Eagle: Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae, having a powerful hooked bill and keen vision. [1905]
• Earthworm: A tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. [2350]
• Echidna: Egg-laying mammal of the Tachyglossidae family. [3008]
• Eggshell: The calcareous covering protecting the inside of an egg. [3857]
• Electric eel: An electric fish, and the only species in that genus. They are capable of generating powerful electric shocks of up to 600 volts, which they use for hunting, self-defense, and communicating with fellow eels. [2443]
• Elephant trunk: A long, tube-shaped nose of an elephant. [3678]
• Elephant tusk: The tusks (incisors) of an elephant. [2495]
• Elephant: A mammal of the order Proboscidea, having a trunk, and two large ivory tusks jutting from the upper jaw. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing. [1290]
• Elk: The largest member of the deer family (Alces alces), of which the male has very large, palmate antlers. [1772]
• Emu: Second-largest living bird by height. [2817]
• Ewe: A female sheep. [1345]
• Falcon: A bird of prey of genus Falco, which kill preys with its beak (unlike Accipitridae as eagles and hawks, which kill with its feet). [3258]
• Female animal: A female animal (Noun) [3923]
• Female dog: A female dog. [2481]
• Female goat: A female goat. [2476]
• Female pig: A female pig. [2488]
• Female yak: A female yak. [2479]
• Fin: An appendage of a fish used for swimming. [213]
• Finch: A bird with a conical beak of the family Fringillidae. [3721]
• Firefly: A nocturnal, bioluminescent beetle of the family Lampyridae. [206]
• Fish: A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water that moves with the help of fins and breathes using gills (Pisces). [227]
• Flamingo: A bird with deep pink colored feathers of the family Phoenicopteridae. [3722]
• Flea: Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. (Source: MGH) [232]
• Flock (of animals): A large number of animals, especially birds, sheep or goats. [2939]
• Fly (insect): A common insect; any species of insect of the order Diptera. [1504]
• Flying fox: A large bat of the genus Pteropus of the family Pteropodidae. [235]
• Flying squirrel: A squirrel of the sub-family Pteromyinae of the family Sciuridae. [3271]
• Foal: A juvenile horse, especially one which is not yet weaned. [1647]
• Fowl: A bird that is kept for its meat and eggs. [265]
• Fox: A carnivorous relatively small canine of the species Vulpes Vulpes. [1312]
• Freshwater eel: A snake-like edible fish, which lives in freshwater. [1013]
• Frog (small): A small kind of frog (as opposed to big ones). [3245]
• Frog: Any insectivorous anuran amphibian of the family Ranidae, such as Rana temporaria of Europe, having a short squat tailless body with a moist smooth skin and very long hind legs specialized for hopping. [503]
• Gazelle: An antelope of the genus Gazella mostly native to Africa and capable of running at high speeds for long periods. [5]
• Gecko: Lizards belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, found in warm climates throughout the world. [2355]
• Gelding: A castrated stallion. [2566]
• Gibbon: Apes in the family Hylobatidae. [2511]
• Gill: The breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals. [1916]
• Giraffe: A quadruped animal native to Africa, remarkable for the length of its legs and neck. [3089]
• Goat: A common four-legged animal (Capra) that is related to sheep and bred by humans for its coat and milk. [1502]
• Goose: Waterfowl of the Anatidae family. [1187]
• Goral: A small ungulate with goat-like and antelope-like appearance. [3259]
• Gorilla: Large, African ape covered in dark hair. [3144]
• Grasshopper: A plant-eating insect with long back legs that can jump very high and makes a sharp high noise using its back legs or wings. [607]
• Grizzly bear: A large and ferocious subspecies of the brown bear, inhabiting North America. [3738]
• Grub: Larva of Coleoptera order. [3011]
• Guan or turkey: Birds looking similar to a Guan or a Turkey. [2385]
• Guan: A large game bird of the curassow family, common in dense woodlands of Central and South America. [437]
• Guinea fowl: Bird of the family Phasianidae native to Africa. [456]
• Guinea pig: A tailless rodent which is larger than a hamster and often kept as a pet. It belongs to the family Caviidae. [3718]
• Hamster: Mouse-sized animal with large cheeks for storing food, often kept as a pet. [3147]
• Hare: Mammal of the family hares and rabbits (Leporidae) with long ears, short tail and hindlegs which are shorter than the forelegs and permit running quickly. [1190]
• Hawk: A predatory bird of the family Accipitridae. [307]
• Head louse: A parasitic insect which lives among the hairs on the head of a human and feeds on blood. [310]
• Hedgehog: Small mammal characterized by its spiny back and by its habit of rolling itself into a ball when attacked. [1797]
• He-goat: A male goat. [264]
• Hen: A female chicken. [1514]
• Henhouse: A barn for chickens. [3401]
• Herdsman: A man who looks after a herd of animals. [263]
• Heron: A long-legged, long-necked wading bird of the family Ardeidae. [758]
• Hinny: The offspring of a stallion (male horse) and a female donkey (jenny). [3824]
• Hippopotamus: Heavy, African animal living in rivers and lakes. [3145]
• Honeycomb: A wax structure consisting of multiple small holes made by bees to store their honey. [3947]
• Hoplias (genus): Genus of fish commonly found in South America [3933]
• Hornbill: A bird characterized by a long, down-curved, and frequently colored beak. [3260]
• Hornet: A large wasp that can inflict a severe sting, characteristically building large papery nests. [3261]
• Horse barn: A barn for horses. [3403]
• Horse dung: The faeces of a horse. [3378]
• Horse mane: The long hair on a horse's head and neck. [3546]
• Horse: A large animal with four legs of the Equus caballus species which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles. [615]
• Horsefly: A fly of the family Tabanidae, known for biting humans. [3262]
• Horsetail: Tail of a horse. [2196]
• Howler monkey: Large, prehensile-tailed tropical American monkey of the genus Alouatta, the males of which make a howling noise. [433]
• Hummingbird: A small bird in the family Trochilidae. [1589]
• Hyena: A large carnivore of the family Hyaenidae, similar in appearance to a dog and native to Africa and Asia, best known for the sound resembling laughter that it makes when excited. [1799]
• Iguana: (Iguanidae) A lizard family. [1578]
• Insect: A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings. [620]
• Intestinal worm: An organism, also known as the parasitic worm, that infects and breeds in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. [3623]
• Jackal: A wild dog-like animal of the Canis genus home to parts of Asia and Africa. [3313]
• Jaguar: A carnivorous spotted large cat native to South and Central America. [1250]
• Kangaroo rat: Small rodents native to North America. [2822]
• Kangaroo skin: The skin of a kangaroo. [2823]
• Kangaroo: A marsupial from the family Macropodidae having powerful hind legs and large feet for leaping. [164]
• Kingfisher: A group of small to medium-sized brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. [2444]
• Ladybug: Flying insect of the Coleoptera order. [3139]
• Lair: The resting or living place of a wild animal. [2949]
• Lamb: Young sheep. [820]
• Large wild herbivore: Wild herbivores, like deer or kangaroo, wo are traditionally hunted for their meat. [2456]
• Large-bullet-ant (subfamily paraponerinae): Common designation for carnivorous ants of the Paraponerinae subfamily [3935]
• Larva: A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. [2640]
• Leech: Segmented worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea. [2273]
• Leopard: A large wild cat with a spotted coat, Panthera pardus, indigenous to Africa and Asia. [1139]
• Leporid (rabbit or hare): Mammal of the family hares and rabbits (Leporidae) with long ears, short tail and hindlegs which are shorter than the forelegs and permit running quickly. [2345]
• Lion: A large cat (Panthera leo) that is native to Africa, Asia and formerly much of Europe. [1386]
• Livestock: Cattle, horses, and similar animals kept for domestic use especially on a farm. [631]
• Lizard: Any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, especially those of the family Lacertidae, typically having an elongated body, four limbs, and a small tail: includes the gechos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors, and slow worms. [632]
• Lobster: Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. [2397]
• Locust: Migratory grasshoppers of the order Orthoptera of warm regions having short antennae. [810]
• Louse or nit: A parasitic wingless insect that lives on humans and other mammals or the eggs that this insect produces. [2280]
• Louse: A small wingless parasitic insect of the order Phthiraptera that lives on humans, other mammals and birds. [1392]
• Lynx: A wild animal of the Lynx genus, with characteristic spots on its fur and a short tail. [3314]
• Macaw: Large colorful parrots of the Americas, classified into six of the many Psittacidae genera: Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Primolius, Orthopsittaca, and Diopsittaca. [1630]
• Magpie: One of several kinds of bird in the family Corvidae, especially Pica pica. [2039]
• Male animal: A male animal (Noun) [3924]
• Male cat: A male of the Felis catus species. [3825]
• Male dog: A male dog. [2480]
• Male goat: A male goat. [2475]
• Male pig: A male pig. [2487]
• Male yak: A male yak. [2478]
• Mallard: A member of the Anatidae family, common in large parts of the world and native to the northern hemisphere. [3610]
• Mantis: A predatory insect of the order Mantodea; mantid; praying mantis. [3279]
• Mare: An adult female horse. [938]
• Marmot: A rodent of the genera Marmota. [3719]
• Marten: A mammal of the family Mustelidae in the genus Martes, inhabiting the forests of the Northern Hemisphere, having a long, slender body, a bushy tail and short legs and also known for its thick, valuable fur. [3739]
• Meerkat: Southern African animal known for its long tail and often seen standing up on its back legs. [3148]
• Mole: Small insectivorous mammal, especially of the family Talpidae, living chiefly underground, and having velvety fur, very small eyes, and strong forefeet. [1907]
• Mongoose: A common name for several species of tropical ferret-like carnivorous mammals, distinguished by a long body and tail. [3677]
• Monitor lizard: Monitor lizard of the genus Varanus, such as the goanna and the Komodo dragon. [3017]
• Monkey: A primate from the group *New World monkeys* or *Old World monkeys* (Simiiformes, excluding the superfamily Hominoidea or apes) that lives mainly in rainforests and is distinguished from an Ape by its smaller size and its tail. [1350]
• Mosquito: A small flying insect (of the family Culicidae) known for biting and sucking blood. [1509]
• Moth: Group of insects related to butterflies. [2828]
• Mouse: Any of numerous small rodents of the genus mus or various related genera of the Muridæ family characterised by a long hairless tail, rounded ears, and a pointed nose. [1491]
• Mule: The offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. [890]
• Muntjacs: Also known as barking deer, a kind of small deer of the genus Muntiacus. [3152]
• Muroid (mouse or rat): A large superfamily of rodents, including hamsters, gerbils, true mice and rats, and many other relatives. [2139]
• Mussels: Bivalve moluscs with an elongated and asymmetric shell. [2829]
• Native cat: Small mammal predator with long and slender bodyshape, usually referred to as native cat by European colonizers (but not a true Felidae). [3018]
• Nest: A nest is a structure built by vertebrates to hold its eggs, its offspring, or occasionally the animal itself and may be composed of organic material such as twigs, grass, and leaves, or may be a simple depression in the ground, or a hole in a rock, tree, or building. [539]
• Nightingale: A bird which is famous for its singing of the family Muscicapidae. [3723]
• Nit: An egg of a louse that is sometimes found in people's hair. [267]
• Octopus: A cephalopod mollusct of the order Octopoda. [2581]
• Opossum: A mammal being a member of the family Didelphidae. [309]
• Ostrich: Any of two species of large, flightless birds in the family Struthionidae, native to Africa. [3797]
• Otter: Any of several aquatic, furbearing, weasellike mammals of the genus Lutra, having webbed feet and a long, slightly flattened tail. [15]
• Owl: A solitary, mainly nocturnal bird of prey, belonging to the order Strigiformes; it has large forward-facing eyes and ears and a hawk-like beak, and it can turn its head 180 degrees around. [735]
• Ox: A castrated bull. [1169]
• Oysters: Name for different families of inhabitans of marine or brackish habitats. [2830]
• Paca: A large rodent, with dark brown or black fur, a white or yellowish underbelly and rows of white spots along its sides, native to Central America and South America. [316]
• Pacu: A freshwater species of fish belonging to the family Serrasalmidae and related to piranha. [3922]
• Panda: Also *giant panda*, a white-and-black mammal of the *Ailuropoda* family, native to eastern Asia, commonly referred to as a type of bear. [3951]
• Pangolin: Mammals of the order Pholidota. The one extant family, Manidae, has three genera: Manis which comprises four species living in Asia, Phataginus which comprises two species living in Africa, and Smutsia which comprises two species also living in Africa. [2508]
• Parakeet: Any of several slender species of parrot. [886]
• Parrot: Any bird of the order Psittaciformes, many species of which are colourful and able to mimic human speech. [882]
• Partridge: Any of medium-sized non-migratory birds of the Phasianidae family, smaller than the pheasant but bigger than the quail. [3681]
• Pasture: Land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock. [649]
• Paw: A paw is the soft foot of a mammal, generally a quadruped, that has claws. [2965]
• Peacock: A male peafowl, a species of the family Phasianidae, which is known for displaying its massive tail as part of mate-selection ritual. [3382]
• Peccary: The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) is a species of mammal in the family Tayassuidae found in North, Central, and South America. [2390]
• Pelican: Large water birds comprising the family Pelecanidae. They are characterised by a long beak and large throat pouch used for catching prey and draining water from the scooped up contents before swallowing. [472]
• Penguin: Aquatic, flightless birds. [2831]
• Perch (fish): Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae. [2966]
• Pet: An animal or a bird that is kept at home for companionship rather than for practical use. [3780]
• Pheasant: Bird of the family Phasianidae. [3060]
• Pig dung: The faeces of a pig. [3379]
• Pig: A common, four-legged animal (Sus scrofa) that has cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging and is farmed by humans for its meat. [1337]
• Piglet: A young pig. [2564]
• Pigsty: A barn for pigs. [3369]
• Pike (fish): The northern pike is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox (the pikes). [2967]
• Piranha: Any of the carnivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the subfamily Serrasalminae. [317]
• Pium (simuliidae): Hematophagous black fly found in tropical countries [3937]
• Polar bear: White bear living in the northern pole regions. [3143]
• Porcupine: Rodents with a coat of sharp spines, or quills, that protect against predators. [2510]
• Porpoise: A short-snouted genus of the dolphin family, 1.2 to 2.5 metres (4 to 8 feet) long, gregarious in habits, yielding an oil and leather. [114]
• Possum: Small to medium-sized arboreal marsupial species native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi. [470]
• Prawns: A decapod crustacean of the suborder Dendrobranchiata. [238]
• Puma: Species of feline (Puma concolor) tawny-colored with black-tipped ears and tail. [1891]
• Puppy: A young dog. [74]
• Python: (Pythonidae)The common name for a group of non-venomous constricting snakes. [1563]
• Quail: (Coturnix coturnix) Small (17 cm) rotund bird from the pheasant family (Phasianidae) [1893]
• Rabbit: One of several small mammals of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail. [1136]
• Raccoon: (Procyon lotor) An omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North America and Central America. [828]
• Ram: A male sheep. [1344]
• Rat: A nearly omnivorous rodent of the genus rattus characterised by a long hairless tail, rounded ears, and a pointed nose. [1490]
• Rattlesnake: Poisonous snake of the genus Crotalus, known by the rattling tail. [871]
• Raven: One of several larger-bodied members of the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus, but share similar characteristics and appearances that generally separate them from other crows. [2543]
• Red-and-green macaw: Type of bird commonly found in South America with predominantly red plumage [3938]
• Red-footed tortoise: A medium-sized species of tortoise (Chelonoidis Carbonarius), found in northern parts of South America. [3949]
• Reindeer: An Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus), a number of subspecies exist. [1876]
• Rhinoceros: A group of different species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. [2591]
• Rice ear bug: An insect of the species Leptocorisa oratoria, which gives of an unpleasant smell when disturbed and feeds on rice plants, destroying the crops. [3158]
• Robin: The European robin (Erithacus rubecula), most commonly known in Anglophone Europe simply as the robin, is a small insectivorous passerine bird, specifically a chat, that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family (Turdidae), but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher. [2402]
• Rodent: Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing. [669]
• Roe deer: Member of the species Capreolus capreolus widespread in Europe. Smaller than other deer and characterised by its red and grey-brown colour. [3826]
• Rooster: A male chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), a domestic bird. [1511]
• Roundworm: A worm that belongs to Nematode species; parasitic types of roundworms infest the digestive tract of humans and other mammals. [3397]
• Sago grub: A type of snout beetle of species Rhynchophorus ferrugineus commonly known as red palm weevil, Asian palm weevil or sago palm weevil. [2802]
• Salmon: One of several species of fish of the Salmonidae family. [944]
• Sandfly: A tiny flying insect from one of several species in the Nematocera suborder, including the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae. [95]
• Scale: One of the small flat pieces of skin that cover the bodies of fish. [266]
• Scorpion: An arthropod with eight legs, belonging to the order Scorpiones in the class Arachnida. [1538]
• Seagull: A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae. [950]
• Seahorse: A series of small marine fishes in the genus Hippocampus. [2586]
• Seal: A mammal belonging to the Pinnipedia, an order of aquatic placental mammals having a streamlined body and limbs specialized as flippers: includes seals, sea lions, and the walrus. [651]
• Serow: A short-horned, dark-coated goat antelope of southeast Asia mountain areas. [3270]
• Shark: A scaleless fish with a cartilaginous skeleton that has 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head. [1110]
• Sheep dung: The faeces of a sheep. [3381]
• Sheep: A common, four-legged animal (Ovis) that is commonly kept by humans for its wool. [1331]
• Sheepfold: A barn for sheep. [3402]
• Shell: A hard outer covering of an animal, as the hard case of a mollusk. [598]
• Shrew: Any of small, mole-like mammals with a long pointed snout from the family Soricidae of the order Eulipotyphla. [3676]
• Shrimp: Refers to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary. Used broadly, it may cover any of the groups with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – chiefly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. [2349]
• Silkworm: The larva or caterpillar of the domesticated silkmoth (Bombyx mori). [2351]
• Skin (animal): The outer tissue covering animals. [2614]
• Sloth: Medium-sized mammals belonging to the families Megalonychidae (two-toed sloth) and Bradypodidae (three-toed sloth), classified into six species. [2446]
• Snail: (Gastropoda) Ventral footed mollusk, including land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. [1543]
• Snake: Any reptile of the suborder Serpentes, typically having a scaly cylindrical limbless body, fused eyelids, and a jaw modified for swallowing large prey. [730]
• Snout: The protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. [2200]
• Sow (female pig): An adult female pig. [1351]
• Sparrow: A small song bird, in the family Passeridae. [1854]
• Spider monkey: Tropical American monkey of the genus Ateles, having a slender body, long, slender limbs, and a long, prehensile tail. [434]
• Spider web: A fine net of threads woven by a spider to catch insects. [1065]
• Spider: Any predatory silk-producing arachnid of the order Araneae, having four pairs of legs and a rounded unsegmented body consisting of abdomen and cephalothorax. [843]
• Squirrel: A small or medium-sized rodent of the family Sciuridae. [1628]
• Stable: A building or structure usually with stalls that is used to house and feed horses, cattle or other animals. [851]
• Stallion: An uncastrated male horse. [936]
• Starfish: Star-shaped echinoderm of class Asteroidea, occuring in all the world's oceans. [3032]
• Stingray: Any of various large, venomous rays, of the orders Rajiformes and Myliobatiformes, having a barbed, whiplike tail. [1910]
• Stork: A bird with long legs, a long beak and often black and with feathers of the family Ciconiidae. [3724]
• Sturgeon: A common name denoting a fish of the Acipenseridae family. [3606]
• Swallow (bird): Any of the various passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae; martin. [3077]
• Swan: Bird of the family Anatidae. [2837]
• Swarm (of birds): Swarm behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. [2974]
• Tadpole: Larval stage of amphibians. [3979]
• Takin: A large goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area, Budorcas taxicolor. [3272]
• Tapir: Any one the species of large odd-toed ungulates of the family Tapiridae with a long prehensile upper lip. [312]
• Tayra (eira barbara): Omnivorous animal from South and Central America [3941]
• Termite: A soft-bodied insect of the order Isoptera; individuals feed on cellulose and live in colonies with a caste system comprising three types of functional individuals: sterile workers and soldiers, and the reproductives. [883]
• Tick: A small arachnid which lives on and sucks the blood of other animals including man. [1527]
• Tiger: A large carnivorous animal (Panthera tigris) of the cat family indigenous to Asia. [846]
• Tinamou: Any of the 47 sedentary, ground-dwelling bird species of the order Tinamiformes found in Central and South America. It bears a strong resemblance to patridges but has limited flight capability. [3921]
• Toad: Any anuran amphibian of the family Bufonidae, such as Bufo bufo of Europe. They are similar to frogs but are more terrestrial, having a drier warty skin. [894]
• Tortoise: Any herbivorous terrestrial chelonian reptile of the family Testudinidae, of most warm regions, having a heavy dome-shaped shell and clawed limbs. [895]
• Toucan: A bird with a large colorful beak, living in the tropics and belonging to the family Ramphastidae. [308]
• Trout: Fresh water salmon. [795]
• Turkey: A large bird from the family of Phasanidae. [2386]
• Turtle: A reptile of the order Testudines (the crown group of the superorder Chelonia), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield. [112]
• Tusk: A pointed elongated tooth, usually one of a pair, extending outside the mouth of a mammal. [3280]
• Vermin: Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. (Source: CAMB) [929]
• Viper: A family of venomous snakes found in most parts of the world. [2654]
• Vulture: Any of several carrion-eating birds of the families Accipitridae and Cathartidae. [1185]
• Wagtail: Passerine bird of genus Motacilla. [3010]
• Wallaby: Any of several species of marsupial; usually smaller and stockier than kangaroos. [165]
• Wasp nest: The nest of wasps. [3412]
• Wasp: A flying stinging insect related to the bee, which is usually coloured yellow and black. [1517]
• Water buffalo: A large bovid originating in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. [2516]
• Water leech: A worm-like creature that lives in water and sucks blood from animals. [949]
• Wax: Organic solid compounds of animals or vegetal origin [3942]
• Weasel: A small predator of the genus Mustela characterized by a slender body that lets it hunt burrowing animals. [3384]
• Whale: Large marine mammals of the order Cetacea; the body is streamlined, the broad flat tail is used for propulsion, and the limbs are balancing structures. [957]
• White cockatoo: Large white cockatoo, species C. galerita. [3009]
• White-lipped peccary: Piglike hoofed mammal, of North and South America, having a black gray coat with whitish cheeks; larger than the collared peccary. [436]
• Wild animal: A non-domesticated animal living independently of man. [958]
• Wild boar: Also known as wild pig, an undomestic four-legged animal (Sus scrofa) living in the wild. [3154]
• Wild cat: A small cat found throughout most of Africa, Europe, and southwest and central Asia into India, China, and Mongolia. [2241]
• Wild dog: Any of several wild canine species that are commonly called 'dogs' or 'wild dogs' but are not true dogs. [2448]
• Wild goose: A wild goose. [2776]
• Wolf: A large wild canid (Canidae), closely related to the dog. [522]
• Wolf-like animal: Refers to *genus canis*, a genus containing seven to ten extant species, including wolves, domestic dogs, coyotes, and jackals. [2461]
• Wombat: Short-legged muscular quadrupedal marsupials native to Australia. [2841]
• Woodpecker: Part of the Picidae family, a group of near-passerine birds that also consist of piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. [2447]
• Worm: A generally tubular invertebrate of the annelid phylum. [1219]
• Yak: A long-haired bovid found throughout the Himalaya region of southern Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. [2477]
• Yearling (horse): A young horse between one and two years old. [3329]
• Yellow croaker: A species of croaker native to the western Pacific, generally in temperate waters such as the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. [2347]
• Young animal: Like a puppy of a dog, a general term for naming younger animals. [3254]
• Young goat (kid): A young goat. [1972]
• Zebra: Any of several species of genus Equus with distinctive black-and-white striped coats, native to Africa. [3675]

Property

• Female (of animal): Relating to the female sex of animals (adjective). [2262]
• Female: Of, relating to, or denoting the sex which is generally characterized as the one associated with the larger gametes (for species which have two sexes and for which this distinction can be made). [1551]
• Male (of animal): Relating to the male sex of animals. [2263]
• Pregnant (of animals): Describing an animal that is pregnant. [3827]
• Tame: Not or no longer wild (of animals). [2838]
• Untamed or wild: Not cultivated, domesticated or controlled by humans. [2230]

Basic actions and technology

Action/Process

• Accept: To take or get something that was offered by someone. [3898]
• Accustom: Get used to something. [1118]
• Add: Join or unite so as to bring about an increase. [2882]
• Amuse oneself (have fun): To do something joyful. [3239]
• Arrange: To give structure to. [1568]
• Attach: To fasten one thing to another. [3894]
• Be able: To have the ability to do something. [972]
• Beat: To strike or pound repeatedly, usually in some sort of rhythm. [1665]
• Become extinguished: Being stopped from burning or emitting light. [2209]
• Become sick: To catch a disease. [2327]
• Belch: To release gas from the digestive tract through the mouth. [2245]
• Bend (oneself): To turn oneself over. [2761]
• Bend (something): To carry out a movement to turn something into a curved shape. [2224]
• Bend: Movement that causes the formation of a curve. [2004]
• Blacken: To change the color of something into black. [2808]
• Block (the way): To prevent somebody or something from passing. [2762]
• Blow (with mouth): To expel air through persed lips. [176]
• Blow (with nose): To clean one's nose by exhaling through it. [2679]
• Bore: To create a hole by removing material with a drill. [1501]
• Box (somebody or something): The act of using fists to fight or hit. [3108]
• Braid (verb) or weave (basket): To braid together hair, threads, strings, twigs etc. in order to create a larger string-like object or to weave a basket or use similar techniques for creating other objects. [3294]
• Braid (verb): To braid together hair, threads, strings, twigs etc. in order to create a larger string-like object (which can be linear as in a braid of hair or circular as in a wreath). [3295]
• Brawl (fight): To be involved in a normally unarmed and ruleless scuffle. [2902]
• Brawl: A normally unarmed and ruleless scuffle. [3301]
• Break (breaking): To come apart or split into pieces (intransitive). [3020]
• Break (cleave): To divide something with force in two or more parts. [2558]
• Break (destroy or get destroyed): To divide or be divided into pieces and thereby damaged. [680]
• Break (of rope): The breaking of a thread or strap. [460]
• Build: To form by combining materials or parts. [1840]
• Burn: To put fire on something or to be on fire. [2102]
• Burp: To release gas from the digestive tract through the mouth. [2789]
• Bury: To put in the ground and cover with earth. [1719]
• Carry (with pole on shoulder): The act of transporting something by means of a carrying pole placed on one's shoulder. [3438]
• Carry horizontally: To carry some object horizontally. [2763]
• Carve: To cut or to chip in order to form something. [228]
• Cast: To pour [a hardenable liquid material, like metal, plaster, glass, concrete etc.] into a mold in order to produce a solid object of the shape of the mold. [211]
• Cause to (let): To allow or cause somebody to do something. [2896]
• Cease or finish: To stop doing something, voluntarily or involuntarily. [2115]
• Chat (with somebody): To have a conversation with somebody. [2903]
• Chop (into pieces): To chop meat, vegetables etc. into small pieces. [2149]
• Chop: To chop wood, or to chop meat, vegetables etc. into small pieces. [155]
• Clog (something): To block a fluid or similar from running through a pipe-like object. [2707]
• Close (eyes): Move ones eyelids in such a way that the eyes are no longer visible. [2063]
• Compare: To estimate something in terms of similar or contrasting features as opposed to the other(s). [3429]
• Continue: To carry on with something or to keep existing or happening. [3699]
• Convey (a message): To share a message with somebody. [2898]
• Crow (verb): To utter the characteristic cry of a rooster. [2074]
• Cut (with axe): To chop with an axe, e.g. wood in order to use it as firewood. [3151]
• Cut (with knife): To slice or to divide into pieces with help of a knife or a knifelike object. [2156]
• Cut (with scissors): To divide into pieces with help of scissors, especially things like a rope, a piece of cloth, or a piece of paper. [2155]
• Cut down: To bring down by cutting. [355]
• Cut or hack: To perform an incision or chop something. [3889]
• Cut: To perform an incision (for example, with a knife). [1432]
• Decrease: To become smaller in number or size. [2864]
• Deliver: To bring or transport something to its destination. [2033]
• Despise: To feel a strong dislike for something. [2715]
• Die (from accident): To cease to live due to unforeseen circumstances. [2865]
• Diminish: To make smaller. [1184]
• Dip: To put something partially in a liquid for a short time and take it out again. [3697]
• Do or make: To do something or to make something. [2575]
• Do: To perform an action. [813]
• Drag: To draw slowly or heavily. [2030]
• Draw (water): To draw by a physical force causing or tending to cause to approach, adhere, or unite. [1911]
• Drop (something): To let something fall down. [2866]
• Dry in sun: To put something in the sun in order to dry it. [3364]
• Dry up: To lose moisture, usually through evaporation or absorption. [1786]
• Emerge (appear): To become known or apparent. [1076]
• Encircle: To enclose or cause to be enclosed; to surround; to confine. [3274]
• Endure: To allow (something that one dislikes or disagrees with) to continue to exist or occur without interference; accept or undergo, often unwillingly. [833]
• Escape: To get free, to free oneself. [1615]
• Exchange: To hand out one thing while receiving another thing or to replace one thing with another. [2509]
• Explode: To burst violently as a result of internal pressure. [3976]
• Fade (loose color): Loose color (of cloth or other material). [2704]
• Fail: Not succeeding in an endeavour (of persons) or to stop working as intended (of objects). [3861]
• Fan (action): To blow air on (something) by means of a fan (hand-held, mechanical or electrical) or otherwise. [360]
• Fasten: Tighten and close, for example a belt. [1094]
• Feel (tactually): To sense something by touching its surface. [2559]
• Fishing (with a net): To hunt for fishes by using a fishnet. [2639]
• Fishing: To hunt for fishes (general expression). [2638]
• Fix: To restore something by replacing a broken part or putting together what is broken, or to repair a hole in a cloth or wheel. [3074]
• Flatter: To praise somebody openly. [2709]
• Fold: To bend a thin material (such as paper) over so that it comes in contact with itself. [1470]
• Forge: To create and mold by hammering. [288]
• Get dizzy: Experience an impairment in spatial perception and stability. [2712]
• Get drunk: Activity of drinking alcoholic beverages that leads to having an altered conciousness. [3980]
• Get lost: To end up in an unknown place, to be not to be found again, to get lost, to irrecoverably slip away. [423]
• Get up from bed: To leave one's place of sleeping. [3350]
• Gnaw: Treat some material with one's teeth. [2706]
• Grate (something): To abrade an object by rubbing it against a rough surface. [3114]
• Halt (stop): To halt one’s movement. [2880]
• Hammer (something): Strike or beat something with a hammer. [3115]
• Hang up: To put up to hang. [357]
• Hang: Remain suspended to some point above. [2884]
• Happen: To come to pass. [248]
• Have a fever: Have an increased body temperature. [2713]
• Have diarrhea: Suffering from loose or liquid bowel movements. [2714]
• Herd (something): Keep or move animals together. [2885]
• Hit (a target): To hit something that someone has aimed for. [3307]
• Hit: To hit against with a sharp blow or to impel, usually with a hand or weapon or to be forcefully or suddenly contacting, e.g. a tree falling down and hitting the ground. [1433]
• Hold or take: To grasp something or to carry something in ones hands. [2104]
• Hollow out: To make a hole in something. [46]
• Improve (something): Improvement is the process of a thing moving from one state to a state considered to be better, usually through some action intended to bring about that better state. [2872]
• Increase: (Of a quantity) to become bigger. [1041]
• Inhale: Breathe in some substance (smoke, steam) other than air. [2705]
• Jog (something): To shake something. [2899]
• Knit: To create a textile by manipulating yarn with the help of two long needles. [2905]
• Lack (not have): To lack something or to describe the state when something is not there. [2329]
• Launder (wash clothes): To remove dirt from clothes. [2503]
• Lay (verb): To place down in a position of rest, or in a horizontal position. [2071]
• Lay eggs: The process by which birds produce eggs. [2464]
• Lean: To bend or move from a vertical position or to make something do that. [3619]
• Load (something): To put a large quantity of things onto something. [3669]
• Loosen: To make undone or untied ; to free from any fastening. [1933]
• Make dry: To remove the moisture and make dry. [2015]
• Make noise: To be loud. [2895]
• Make: To create something by combining or assembling materials or parts or by changing it. [734]
• Manage: To watch and direct someone and/or some activity; to be in charge. [3073]
• Massage (somebody): To rub someone's body with the hands. [3119]
• Menstruate: Regular natural change in female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. [2827]
• Mince (something): To cut something, especially food, into small pieces. [3082]
• Misplace: To place something in a place where one cannot find it again or in a wrong place; to lose something. [3072]
• Miss (a target): To fail to hit (a target, a bell, etc.). [161]
• Miss (somebody): To long to see somebody again. [2328]
• Moisten: To make moist. [28]
• Mold: To create something, usually for a specific function. [289]
• Mop (something): To clean or wipe up by using cloth or a mop. [3120]
• Move (affect emotionally): To affect somebody emotionally. [2873]
• Move (oneself): To get oneself in motion in order to arrive at some other place. [2874]
• Move away: To change one's domicile or place of business. [229]
• Must: To be required to do something. [971]
• Nail: To hammer a nail into something. [3306]
• Not have: Not being in possession of something (both abstract and concrete). [3363]
• Notice (something): To become aware of something. [2893]
• Open (eyes): Move ones eyelids in such a way that the eyes are visible. [3234]
• Open (mouth): To move one's jaw(s) in a way that the oral cavity becomes partially or fully visible. [3437]
• Order: To order someone or several persons by a superior authority to do something, or to arrange something in a tidy manner. [1128]
• Pack: To put something in a container so that it could be carried or transported. [3656]
• Paint (something) or painting: To apply color to a wall or to make a painting or drawing. [3194]
• Paint (something): The act of spreading coloured pigments on a surface. [3122]
• Painting: To make a painting or drawing. [2001]
• Patch: To repair a hole in a cloth or wheel. [3550]
• Pick: To take off the fruits or other useful parts of a plant. [2148]
• Pierce: To tab something through something else. [398]
• Plait or braid or weave: To add pleats to cloth, to braid together hair, threads, strings, twigs etc. in order to create a larger string-like object or to create a fabric by interlacing threads. [1729]
• Polish (something): To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it with a cloth. [3659]
• Post (something): To send something by means of a postal service. [3126]
• Pound: To strike hard, usually repeatedly. [354]
• Pour: To cause a liquid to flow into a container. [1487]
• Prepare: To carry out things in advance to avoid to be later not able to do them. [2909]
• Press: To apply pressure to an item. [1913]
• Protect: To prevent something or somebody from being harmed. [2900]
• Pull off (skin): To strip or pull off the skin or hide of. [291]
• Pull out: To pull something out. [2325]
• Pull up (rice seedlings): To pull out rice seedlings from the soil including their roots in order to separate seedlings growing too closely [2066]
• Pull: To apply a force to (an object), in order that it moves towards the origin of the force that was applied. [1455]
• Put in order: To arrange something in a tidy manner. [3459]
• Raise (bring up): To take care of an infant or some other living creature, usually until it can live independently. [2134]
• Rake (something): The act of moving a tool over a surface in order to level or clean it. [3127]
• Recognize (somebody): Perceive to see something or someone previously known. [2870]
• Recommend: To suggest something or somebody. [2759]
• Repair: To restore something by replacing a broken part or putting together what is broken. [2243]
• Rest or sleep: Lie down or sleep. [2116]
• Ring (make sound): Ring most broadly refers to a hollow circular shape or to a high-pitched sound. [2875]
• Rinse: To clean by pouring water over the objects. [2904]
• Roar (of sea): A sound emitted by a stormy sea. [2876]
• Rob (verb): To illegally take something from, especially using force or violence. [2073]
• Rot: To be exposed to decomposition. [2907]
• Rub: To move one's hand or an object over a surface or other object (maintaining constant contact and applying moderate pressure). [1449]
• Run away: Leave a dangerous situation by moving one's body away from it. [2142]
• Rustle (of leaves): A sound emitted by leaves moving in the trees. [2877]
• Saw (something): To cut something with a saw. [3543]
• Scatter (seeds): To distribute seeds over a field. [2064]
• Scatter: To throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover a large area. [3705]
• Scrape: To move an object against another object such that abrasion or minor cutting occurs. [1767]
• Seat (somebody): To cause somebody to sit (e.g. by offering a seat). [2878]
• Sharpen (something): To make sharp or sharper. [251]
• Slap: Hit with the open palm of the hand. [3160]
• Slaughter: To kill animals for food. [1796]
• Smear: To spread (a substance) across a surface by rubbing. [364]
• Smoke (emit smoke): To emit smoke (such as something which burns). [2859]
• Snap (of stick): Quick breaking or cracking sound or the action of producing such a sound. [459]
• Sound (of instrument or voice): The noise emitted by musical instruments or humans speaking. [2879]
• Split open: To open something with a cut or incision, revealing its inside. [3080]
• Split: To divide fully or partly along a more or less straight line. [1437]
• Spread out: To spread out or open from a closed or folded state. [38]
• Sprout (verb): The process by which a plant grows from a seed. [2076]
• Squeeze: To apply pressure to something from two or more sides at once. [1414]
• Stab: To perforate the surface of something with a pointed tool or weapon. [1434]
• Step (verb): To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by raising and moving one of the feet to another resting place, or by moving both feet in succession. [2065]
• Stop doing: To stop doing the action one was doing. [3351]
• Stretch: To lengthen by pulling. [214]
• Strike (someone): To intentionally hit someone with a sharp blow or to impel, usually with a hand or weapon. [3308]
• Strike (something): To intentionally hit something with a sharp blow or to impel, usually with a hand. [3309]
• Strike or beat: To hit or strike, either repeatedly or a single time. [2133]
• Strike: To intentionally hit with a sharp blow or to impel, usually with a hand or weapon. [353]
• Suckle (breastfeed, nurse): Giving milk to babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast. [2472]
• Sweep: To clean a surface with a broom. [230]
• Swell: To grow larger in volume. [1573]
• Swing (movement): To move freely to and fro. [2871]
• Swing (something): To set something in swinging motion. [2901]
• Take a photo: To make a photography. [2710]
• Take off one's clothes: Take off one's clothes. [2326]
• Take off: To take off a piece of clothing or similar. [3538]
• Talk: To converse with one or more persons. [2708]
• Tear (shred): To pull at something in such a way that it ends up divided. [1735]
• Thaw (dew): Go from a frozen to a liquid state. [2887]
• Tie up (tether): To attach an animal to something to prevent that it leaves. [2891]
• Tie: To establish connection between two or more things. [1917]
• Tinkle: Emit a sound suggestive of a tinkle. [2888]
• Translate: To communicate of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. [2906]
• Transport: To carry larger objects, usually with help of a vehicle. [2711]
• Try (test): To put something to trial, to test whether something works as expected. [2571]
• Tug: A great force, applied in order that an object will move towards the origin of the force that was applied to it. [2029]
• Tumble (fall down): To fall down accidentally. [2894]
• Turn over: To change the direction one is facing while lying in bed, on the floor, or similar. [3537]
• Twinkle: Shine with flickering light. [2889]
• Uncover: To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden. [1108]
• Untie: To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the parts of. To unbind, to free from restraint. [352]
• Use (verb): To employ an object, often to reach a certain goal; to put into service. [2072]
• Walk (take a walk): To wander around. [2890]
• Warm up: To make warm or warmer. [2032]
• Wash (clothes): To clean pieces of clothing by using water and supplementary cleansing products as a part of hygiene routine. [3434]
• Wash (oneself): To cleanse one's body in/with water. [3371]
• Wash: To remove dirt and grime from an object, using water (usually with soap). [1453]
• Watch: To have one's eyes, one's attention on something or someone. [1650]
• Wave (verb): To move one's hand or arm in a waving motion, with or without holding something like a flag. [3544]
• Weave (basket): To weave a basket or use similar techniques for creating other objects. [3296]
• Winnowing: Wind winnowing is an agricultural method developed by ancient cultures for separating grain from chaff. [2462]
• Wipe: To move an object or utensil over a surface or other object while maintaining contact, in order that a substance be removed from its surface. [1454]
• Work (activity): To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers. [1086]
• Wring: To take a cloth and twist its ends into different directions in order to dry it. [3224]

Classifier

• Catty (mass unit): A traditional Chinese unit of mass used across East and Southeast Asia, notably for weighing food and other groceries in some wet markets, street markets, and shops. [2647]

Other

• A little: More than one, but not as much as usual or as expected. (for mass nouns) [2924]
• Because of: Undergo decomposition. [2918]
• By (passive marker): Marker of the agent in a passive sentence. [2751]
• Hardly: Barely perceivable or noticeable. [2926]
• Working or work: The process by which one produces something (sometimes also in exchange for money). [2281]

Person/Thing

• Adze: A sharp tool with the blade at a right angle to the handle, used to shape pieces of wood. [290]
• Anvil: A heavy iron block used by a blacksmith as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped. [1648]
• Axe: A tool for felling trees or chopping wood consisting of a heavy metallic or stone head flattened to a blade on one side, and which is attached to a usually wooden handle. [677]
• Baby carrier: A piece of cloth used around the body to carry a child [3926]
• Bag: A container that stores things and is small enough so that one can wear it. [2468]
• Bamboo basket: A basket from bamboo that is carried on the back. [3360]
• Basket: A lightweight container, generally round, open at the top, and tapering toward the bottom. [1539]
• Bell: A simple sound-making device. [2246]
• Bellows: A device that consists of a flexible leather air valve which can be expanded or contracted by operating the two handles, located on the opposite sides. It has many applications, especially blowing on a fire to supply it with air. [3658]
• Birth (accouchement): The process of giving birth to a child. [2805]
• Blacksmith: A craftsman expert in iron and other metals work. [1001]
• Boomerang: A tool with a curved shape used as a weapon or for sport which returns when thrown into the air. [135]
• Bottom grindstone: The bottom element in a two-stone grindstone. [3023]
• Bow string: The string of a bow used to hunt. [2119]
• Brass: A yellow-colored metal made of the mixture of copper and zinc and used in the making of decorations and musical instruments. [3743]
• Breath or life: The act of inhalation and exhalation of air as one part of physiological respiration required to sustain life, or the fact that life is sustained itself. [2269]
• Broom: A tool used to sweep and clean the floor, made of a bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle. [245]
• Bucket: Typically a watertight, vertical cylinder or truncated cone, with an open top and a flat bottom, attached to a semicircular carrying handle called the bail. [2052]
• Bundle: A group of things fastened together. [2943]
• Burden stick: A long piece of wood used to carry a burden. [3159]
• Bushfire: An uncontrolled fire in a wooded or grassy area. [2811]
• Campfire: A campfire is a fire at a campsite that provides light and warmth, and heat for cooking. [2986]
• Carpenter: Artisan who works with wood. [1042]
• Chain: A series of interlocked rings or links forming a flexible length. [1627]
• Chisel: A tool with a cutting edge at the end. [1979]
• Clay: A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable content of clay mineral and subordinate amounts of finely divided quartz, decomposed feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous matter, and other impurities; it forms a plastic, moldable mass when finely ground and mixed with water, retains its shape on drying, and becomes firm, rocklike and permanently hard on heating or firing. [1399]
• Copper: Chemical element with symbol Cu and atomic number 29; one of the most important nonferrous metals; a ductile and malleable metal found in various ores and used in industry, engineering, and the arts in both pure and alloyed form. [1825]
• Cough (act of coughing): The act of coughing or the sound of coughing. [3913]
• Drill: A power tool designed to create holes by means of rotating the drill bits into hard material. [3423]
• Dustpan: A cleaning utensil, commonly used in combination with a broom or brush. [2051]
• Envelope: An item to commonly used to package or wrap letters. [3088]
• Fan (object): A device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces. (WN:360) [1971]
• Fight (combat): A hostile encounter, such as a battle or combat. [3880]
• File (tool): A hand tool with a long flat metal bar used to re-shape objects. [3407]
• Fire stick: Sticks used specifically to set fire to something or to burn. [3016]
• Flail: A manual device used for beating or striking with, consisting of a free-swinging stick attached to a handle. [3057]
• Foot (unit): A unit of length. [2688]
• Gift: A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment or return. [2982]
• Glass: A hard, amorphous, inorganic, usually transparent, brittle substance made by fusing silicates, sometimes borates and phosphates, with certain basic oxides and then rapidly cooling to prevent crystallization. [604]
• Glasses: Frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes used for vision correction. [2292]
• Glue: Substance used for sticking objects together. [1069]
• Gold: A heavy yellow elemental metal of great value, with atomic number 79 and symbol Au. [1369]
• Gridiron: Wooden grill used to dry or smoke meat or fish [3932]
• Grindstone: A grindstone is a round sharpening stone used for grinding or sharpening ferrous tools. [2459]
• Hammer: A tool with a heavy head and a handle used for pounding. [1481]
• Handle: A part of an object meant to hold that object with (e.g. the handle of a mug, pan or bag). [1254]
• Heap: A collection of things thrown one on another. [2984]
• Iron or metal: A generic way of referring to either the ore or the finished product. [3324]
• Iron: A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element with symbol Fe and atomic number 26, occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes. [621]
• Knot: A loop of string or any other long flexible material which cannot be untied without pulling part of the string through the loops. [760]
• Labour (effort): Work that has to be done and inflicts mental or physical pain. [2525]
• Ladder or stairs: Construction consisting of steps designed to bridge vertical distances. [2689]
• Lead (chemical element): A heavy toxic bluish-white metallic element with symbol Pb and atomic number 82 that is highly malleable; occurs principally as galena and is used in alloys, accumulators, cable sheaths, paints, and as a radiation shield. [627]
• Leash: A leash is a rope or similar material attached to the neck or head of an animal for restraint or control. [2959]
• Leather or hide: A generic way of referring to either cured or uncured animal hides. [3326]
• Lid (cover, cap): The cap of a container. [2319]
• Lighter: Portable instrument for igniting something. [3092]
• Load: The weight (materials, products, etc.) to be borne or conveyed. [1679]
• Mat: A flat object laid on the floor to protect a person from the hard floor. [195]
• Mold (get rotten): Discoloration and food caused by fungal species. [3251]
• Mosquito net: A web that keeps mosquitos away. [2795]
• Mould: A frame or model around or on which something is formed or shaped. [1166]
• Nail (tool): A spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials. [502]
• Net (for catching): A grid-like device used for fishing and sports. [2653]
• Net: A grid-like device or object. [2963]
• Netbag: Bag made of net used to carry things. [293]
• News: News is information about current events. [2964]
• Noose: A loop at the end of a rope. [2604]
• Oar or paddle: Referring to tools used for water-based motion, either connected to the water vehicle or not. [3318]
• Oar: A pole with a blade at one end, and with the other end attached to the boat via an oarlock or thole, used to row or steer a boat. [3137]
• Paddle: A pole with a blade at one or both ends, the pole itself being not attached to the boat but held by both hands, used to row or steer a boat. [234]
• Paint (pigments): A mixture of pigment and a vehicle, such as oil or water, that together form a liquid or paste that can be applied to a surface to provide an adherent coating that imparts colour, protects the surface and/or gives the surface different features. [647]
• Paintbrush: Brush used to spread pigments of colour on a surface. [3094]
• Pearl: A small hard shiny ball formed in mussels or oysters. [3325]
• Peg: A cylindrical wooden, metal etc. object used to fasten or as a bearing between objects. [361]
• Picture (painting): A painted image. [3303]
• Plane (tool): A hand tool that is designed to flatten or shape wood. [3408]
• Pocketknife: A small knife with one or more blades that fold back into the handle. [3742]
• Potter: One who makes pots and other ceramic wares. [359]
• Pouch: A small bag. [2951]
• Process: A systematic and continuous course of actions and changes, which can be goal-directed or spontaneous. [3970]
• Result: The final outcome or consequence of a causal chain, operation or set of circumstances. [3969]
• Ribbon: A ribbon is a thin band of material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily as decorative binding and tying. [2969]
• Rope: Thick, strong string made of several strands that have been twisted together. [1218]
• Rug: A piece of thick cloth or wool that is smaller than a carpet and is put on the floor as decoration. [292]
• Ruler: A long flat device that is designed to assist with drawing straight lines or measuring by means of distance markings. [3405]
• Rust: Any of various metallic coatings formed by corrosion, especially after oxidation in presence of water. [3064]
• Sack: A specific bag used to store or carry items. [2990]
• Saddle: A seat for an animal (especially horse) rider, secured by a girth. [3065]
• Saw: A tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal. [1948]
• Scissors: A tool used for cutting thin material, consisting of two crossing blades attached at a pivot point in such a way that the blades slide across each other when the handles are closed. [1328]
• Sculptor: A person who practices the art of sculpture. [914]
• Shears: A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for cutting cloth, or for removing the fleece from sheep etc. [356]
• Sheath: A protection cover for a sharp blade (of a sword or knife). [3424]
• Shepherd: The person that watches over sheep. [2544]
• Shoulder pole: A pole that is used to carry things on the shoulder. [3432]
• Sieve (tool): A device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material. [3353]
• Silver: A very ductile malleable brilliant greyish-white element with symbol Ar and atomic number 47 having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. [759]
• Sleep (state): Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings. [2972]
• Snowman: A mass of snow sculptured into the shape of a human. [3098]
• Statue: A three-dimension work of art, usually of a person or animal, usually created by sculpting, carving, moulding, or casting. [1002]
• Steel: Alloys of iron and carbon, widely used in construction and other applications because of their high tensile strengths and low costs. [2343]
• Steelyard (balance): Straight balance with arms of unequal length. [2687]
• Strap: A strap is an elongated flap or ribbon, usually of fabric or leather. [2973]
• String: A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together. [362]
• Swing: Tool used for play with a seat hanging from ropes. [3101]
• Thermometer: Instrument used for measuring temperature, mostly by means of a contracting or expanding substanced contained within the instrument. [3104]
• Tin (metal): A metallic element with symbol Sn, occurring in cassiterite. It is a malleable silvery-white metal. [893]
• Tin or tinplate: A metallic element with symbol Sn or a thin sheet of steel coated with tin to prevent rusting. [3217]
• Tinplate: A thin sheet of steel coated with tin to prevent rusting; used to make cans etc. [358]
• Tool: A mechanical device intended to make a task easier. [1361]
• Top grindstone: The top (and usually proper) element in a two-stone grindstone. [3022]
• Torch or lamp: Any portable device that produces light. [2131]
• Tumpline: A strap slung over the forehead or chest used (especially by native Americans) for carrying packs or loads. [294]
• Walk (manner): The act of walking, the way one walks. [2979]
• Wall: A supporting structure for different types of constructions, e.g. houses and huts, or a construction to enclose and separate areas. [3830]
• Weaver: A person whose occupation is weaving cloth, carpets, or baskets. [3637]
• Whetstone: A stone that is used for whetting a knife or edge tools. [295]
• Whistle (instrument): Wind instrument most often made out of metal or wood used for producing a loud, shrill tone. [3107]
• Windmill: A large structure or building with long revolving blades or sails that is used for converting wind energy in order to produce electricity or to directly power an attached mechanical construction for grinding. [3841]
• Work (labour): Productive activity, service, trade, or craft for which one is regularly paid. [984]

Property

• Against: In opposite direction to. [2469]
• Broken (not working): Not capable of working. [3190]
• Broken (shattered): Broken into pieces. [3191]
• Broken: Not capable of working or broken into pieces. [588]
• Careful: Be cautious. [2758]
• Dexterous: Nimble in the use of the hands or body. [1824]
• Intact: That has not been impaired or altered; lacking nothing essential, especially not damaged. [220]
• Left handed: Preference of using the left hand. [2825]
• Loose: Being not tight. [2506]
• Lost: Not knowing where you are and unable to find the way. [3667]
• Open (state): To be accessible and/or not closed. [3235]
• Powerful: Being done using a huge amount of energy. [3001]
• Quickly: To carry out an action in a quick manner. [3365]
• Skilled: Experienced and clever, professional. [807]
• Tight: Being not loose. [3053]

Clothing and grooming

Action/Process

• Brush (teeth): Clean one's teeth by repeatedly grating over them with an object. [3109]
• Comb (verb): To groom the hair with a comb or a similar object. [2070]
• Decorate: To make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc. [1739]
• Dress up: To clothe oneself; to put on clothes. [814]
• Dye: To modify the color of something by applying dye. [157]
• File (something): Make something smooth, often nails or other parts of the body. [3113]
• Iron (clothes): To make clothes smooth by brushing over them with a heated tool. [3118]
• Put on: To put clothes onto ones body to wear them. [158]
• Quilt: To stitch or sew together. [2048]
• Sew: To pass thread repeatedly through fabric or a material, using a needle, in order to join two or more parts or to make a pattern or motif. [1457]
• Shave: To cut the hair close to the skin with a razor. [231]
• Shower (action): Douse oneself in a stream of water in order to clean oneself. [3128]
• Spin: To make (yarn) by drawing out, twisting, and winding fibers. [121]
• Suit: (Of an object) To be of the right size and shape so as to match another object. [764]
• Undress: To take off all of one's clothes, or to take off a piece of clothing or similar. [1755]
• Wear (on head): Wear an object for shelter on the head. [3428]
• Wear: Fix clothes on your body and carry them. [976]
• Weave: To create a fabric by interlacing threads. [133]

Person/Thing

• Adornment: Something that beautifies or adorns. [1822]
• Apron: A piece of cloth or plastic, worn over the front of the clothes for protection against dirt. [2046]
• Armlet: A band or bracelet worn round the upper part of a person's arm. [3149]
• Awl: Pointed tool for marking or piercing wood or leather. [278]
• Baby sling: A piece of cloth used for carrying an infant or small child around a carer's body. [3946]
• Bamboo hat: A hat made of bamboo (斗笠 dǒulì). [2160]
• Bead: A hard, rounded object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk. [1860]
• Belt: A clothing accessory, usually made of leather or heavy cloth, worn around the waist and used to support trousers or other articles of clothing. [772]
• Boot: A shoe that covers part of the leg. [585]
• Boubou: A flowing wide sleeved robe worn by men in much of West Africa, and to a lesser extent in North Africa. [461]
• Bracelet: Piece of jewellery worn around the wrist. [1754]
• Braid: A hair style formed by interweaving three or more strands of hair. [1043]
• Brush: An implement with a handle, and a head with multiple more or less flexible bristles, used for arranging hair. [1821]
• Button: A fastener consisting of a knob or disc that is passed through a slit in the adjacent material. [757]
• Cap: A usually soft and close-fitting head covering, either having no brim or with a visor. [1288]
• Cloak: A long outer garment worn over the shoulders covering the back; a cape, often with a hood. [326]
• Cloth: A woven fabric such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. [1616]
• Clothes: All coverings designed to be worn on a person's body. [1895]
• Coat: An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms. [603]
• Collar: The part of a garment that encircles the neck. [2012]
• Comb: A toothed implement for grooming the hair. [1475]
• Cotton: Fiber obtained from plants of the genus Gossypium, used in making fabrics, cordage, and padding and for producing artificial fibers and cellulose. [1850]
• Cushma: A one-piece dress used by the Ashaninka Indians. [450]
• Dress: A one-piece garment for a woman that has a skirt and a body section. [474]
• Earring: A piece of jewelry worn on the ear. [770]
• Felt: A cloth or stuff made of matted fibres of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving. [325]
• Glove: A garment for a hand, often extending to the wrist and sometimes up to the elbow, which either covers each finger individually, or separates the thumb from the other fingers. [867]
• Grass-skirt: A skirt made from long dried grass, or synthetic material resembling it. [328]
• G-string: A thong underwear or swimsuit, a narrow piece of cloth, leather, or plastic, that covers or holds the genitals, passes between the buttocks, and is attached to a band around the hips. [468]
• Handkerchief: A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face, nose or hands. [1020]
• Hat: An item of clothing intended to cover the head made from material hard enough to have a shape independant of the skull, and most commonly with a rim. [771]
• Headband or headdress: An cloth or strip of cloth worn on or around the head. [3457]
• Headband: A strip of fabric worn around the head, or a hair-accessory made of a flexible material and curved like a horseshoe, for holding one's hair back. [330]
• Headdress: A decorative covering or ornament worn on the head. [331]
• Headgear: Any element of clothing which is worn on one's head. [2130]
• Hemp cloth: A woven fabric such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use which is made from hemp. [2161]
• Jacket: A mid-stomach–length garment for the upper body. [2770]
• Jewel: A precious stone such as a diamond, a sapphire or an agate. [1029]
• Leather: The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed. [629]
• Linen: A material made from the fibers of the flax plant. [916]
• Lipstick: Stick containing wax, oil, or pigments used to apply colour to one's lips. [3093]
• Loincloth: A cloth worn to cover the loins. [1965]
• Loom: A frame or machine (made of wood or other material) in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric. [1787]
• Mask: A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection. [2005]
• Mirror: A smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it. [1171]
• Moccasin: A shoe with a soft sole made from animal skin or leather. [3607]
• Necklace: An article of jewelry that is worn around the neck. [1961]
• Needle (for sewing): A thin, sharp implement used in sewing, knitting and acupuncture. [1382]
• Ointment: A semisolid preparation intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. (source: UMLS) [1926]
• Ornament: An element of decoration. [917]
• Pacifier: An artificial teat made of rubber, plastic, or silicone put into an infant's mouth to calm it. [3087]
• Pelt: The hair-covered, dressed pelt of a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration. [3232]
• Penis sheath: Sheath to cover a penis. [2671]
• Pin: A small device, made (usually) of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening. [64]
• Plait: A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat. [333]
• Pocket: A kind of pouch, which is accessible by an opening in an article of clothing and serves for storage; usually large enough in order to accommodate at least one hand. [1851]
• Poncho: A simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head. [327]
• Rag: A piece of old cloth; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred, a tatter. [332]
• Raincoat: A long jacket which is waterproof. [3712]
• Razor: A bladed tool used for the removal of body hair through the act of shaving. [151]
• Ring: A round piece of (precious) metal worn around the finger. [1374]
• Sarong: A sarong or sarung is a large tube or length of fabric, often wrapped around the waist and worn by men and women throughout much of South Asia. [2413]
• Scarf or turban: A garment, usually consisting of a long piece of cloth, wound around the head or neck or shoulders. [3066]
• Shawl: A garment which is wrapped around the neck to prevent from cold. [2771]
• Shirt: An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms. [1622]
• Shoe: A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do. [1381]
• Shoemaker: A person whose profession is making and repairing footwear. [875]
• Shuttle: Device used in weaving to carry the weft, moving continuously to-and-fro. [543]
• Silk: One of the finest textiles, obtained from cocoons of certain species of caterpillars; it is soft, very strong and absorbent and has a brilliant sheen. [1641]
• Skirt: An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body. [1600]
• Sleeve: Part of a garment covering the arm. [2953]
• Snowshoe: Footwear for walking over the snow. [233]
• Soap: A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats. [788]
• Sock: A knitted or woven covering for the foot, reaching no higher than just above the ankle. [1522]
• Spindle: A stick used in spinning fiber into thread. [277]
• Stocking: A soft garment worn on the foot and lower leg, usually knit or woven, worn under shoes or other footwear. [329]
• Straw raincoat: A traditional East Asian garment made out of straw, worn against the rain. In Japanese it's called mino. [3540]
• Straw sandal: An open type of outdoor footwear leaving most of the upper part of the foot exposed, particularly the toes. [2047]
• Sunglasses: Form of glasses with tinted lenses to protect one's eyes from sunlight. [3100]
• Tailor: Someone who professionally manufactures clothing. [881]
• Tattoo: A marking made by inserting ink into the layers of skin to change the pigment permanently for decorative or other reasons. [68]
• Thread: A long, thin and flexible form of material, generally with a round cross-section, used in sewing, weaving or in the construction of string. [1161]
• Tie (noun): A small band of fabric which is tied around the collar of a shirt. [3711]
• Towel: Piece of absorbent fabric or paper used for drying or wiping. [1021]
• Trousers: An item of clothing worn on the lower part of the body and covering both legs separately. [809]
• Umbrella: Portable folding canopy used for protection against weather influences. [3105]
• Veil: A head covering. [1151]
• Vest: A piece of clothing for the upper body without sleeves and usually worn over a shirt. [3140]
• Wool: The soft, curly hair that forms the fleece of sheep, lamas and other animals and which is used to produce clothing. [964]
• Wrapper: A colorful women's garment widely worn in West Africa. [462]
• Wristband: An article used as an adornment around the wrist [3943]
• Yarn: Consists of multiple strings of natural or synthetic fibre twisted together in a continuous bulky thread; used in textile production. [3445]

Property

• Adorned: Something that is crested with adornment. [2496]
• Barefoot: Not wearing anything on the feet. [3737]

Cognition

Action/Process

• Be ignorant: Be in a state of not knowing something. [2651]
• Believe: To be confident about something. [1890]
• Betray: To harm someone or hurt their feelings by violating their trust or being disloyal to them. [1902]
• Check: To see if something is correct. [1975]
• Deceive: To trick someone by making them believe something that is not true or by acting in a dishonest way, usually in order to take advantage of it. [3230]
• Decide: To reach, make, or come to a decision about something. [685]
• Detect: To notice or recognize something that is not particularly obvious. [3895]
• Doubt (something): Be unsure about the truth or accuracy of a matter. [3536]
• Err: To make a mistake. [839]
• Explain: To inform about the reason for something, how something works, or how to do something. [1626]
• Find out: To apprehend something involuntarily. [2237]
• Forget: To lose memory of something. [1523]
• Grow up: To mature and become an adult. [552]
• Guess: To suppose, to estimate or to make a surmise. [1932]
• Hesitate: To hold back from saying or doing something because of doubt or uncertainty. [3629]
• Ignore: To be ignorant of or in the dark about. [41]
• Imagine: To form a mental image of (something not present). [3879]
• Imitate: To follow as a model or a pattern. [117]
• Induce: To encourage into action; to cause to act in a specified manner. [61]
• Intend: To assign for a specific end, use, or purpose; to design or destine. [22]
• Investigate: To look into carefully in order to uncover (find) facts or information. [2010]
• Know (somebody): To have met and recognize somebody. [2248]
• Know (something): To be sure about something or be acquainted with something. [1410]
• Know how: To be able to do something which requires or could require that one would learn it before. [2238]
• Know: To have met and recognize somebody or to be certain or sure about something. [3626]
• Learn: To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something. [504]
• Pretend: To behave in such a way that makes someone believe something that is not true. [3631]
• Remember: To recall from memory. [707]
• Result in: Having a specific result, a logical consequence. [1723]
• Seem: To have a given outward appearance. [1521]
• Study: To follow a course of study; to be enrolled at an institute of learning. [1929]
• Succeed: To attain a desired goal. [1112]
• Suspect: To assume something to be true without direct evidence. [1841]
• Teach: To pass on knowledge and skills. [709]
• Think (believe): To have as opinion, belief, or idea. [1513]
• Think (reflect): To actively and consciously use one's mental powers, usually to form ideas. [1415]
• Think: Use ones mental power to form ideas or having used ones mental power to form ideas of conviction or belief. [2271]
• Try: To attempt to do something. [1812]
• Understand: To be aware of the meaning of. [1536]

Other

• And: Used to connect two homogeneous words or phrases. [1577]
• Because: Conjunction initiating a causal phrase. [1157]
• By heart: Completely and faithfully, refering to something that has been learnt and memorized. [71]
• Few pieces: More than one, but not as many as usual or as expected. (for countable nouns) [3451]
• How many pieces: Which quantity? (for countable nouns) [3450]
• How many: Which quantity? [822]
• How much: Which quantity? (for mass nouns) [531]
• How: In what way? [1239]
• If: [The introduction of a condition or decision.] [1459]
• Main: The most important element. [1078]
• Many pieces: An indefinite large number of. (for countable nouns) [3453]
• Much: An indefinite large number of. (for mass nouns) [3452]
• Necessary: Needed for a purpose or a reason. [1030]
• Need (something): Feeling the desire or the urge for something. [2339]
• No or not: A word used to show disagreement with something or to negate something. [2279]
• No: A word used to show disagreement of something. [1269]
• Or: [Conjunction that indicates an alternative.] [1014]
• What: Which thing. [1236]
• When: At what time? [1238]
• Where: At what place? [1237]
• Which: What one or ones (of those mentioned or implied). [727]
• Who or what: What person or which thing. [2147]
• Who: What person or people; which person or people. [1235]
• Why: For what reason. [1270]
• Yes: A word used to show agreement or affirmation of something. [1268]

Person/Thing

• Agreement: The state of sharing the same feeling or opinion. [3644]
• Cause: That which brings about any condition or produces any effect. [860]
• Concept: A particular object of thought formulated as an abstract or general idea. [3966]
• Content: In its physical sense, substance held by a recipient. In its cognitive sense, information or substance matter of a given subject. [3967]
• Doubt: Uncertainty about the truth or accuracy of a matter. [1308]
• Effect: The manifestation of the particular influence of a given action on something. [3968]
• Idea: A plan or notion that is formed and exists in the mind as a result of mental activity. [1609]
• Identity: A persisting state of being the same for an entity or someone, from an objective or a subjective standpoint. Commonly referring to an individual's self-sense of being as a distinct person. [3960]
• Intention: An anticipated outcome that is intended to obtain or that guides your planned actions. [1162]
• Kind (thing): A category of things distinguished by a common characteristic or quality. [844]
• Knowledge: The fact or state of knowing something or being familiar with a certain type of technique. [3874]
• Manner: Way of performing or effecting anything. [488]
• Memory: The ability of an organism to record information combined with the facility of recall. [1018]
• Mind: The ability for rational thought. [1562]
• Necessity: Something that needs to be done. [422]
• Need (noun): The fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something. [643]
• Plan: A method or a set of arrangements, needed to achieve a specific goal. [3630]
• Pupil (student): A student under the supervision of a teacher or professor. [753]
• Relationship: The way in which two elements or individuals are connected, usually in a social or affective sense. [3959]
• School: An institution or building at which children and young people receive education. [673]
• Suspicion: An assumption without direct evidence. [3197]
• System: A set of connected elements that form a whole by virtue of their interrelatedness and function. [3957]
• Teacher: A person who passes on knowledge, especially one employed in a school. [1038]
• Thought: Thought refers to ideas or arrangements of ideas that are the result of the process of thinking. [2975]

Property

• Attentive: Giving attention. [1908]
• Certain: Without any doubt or possibility of deviation. [509]
• Clear: Free of ambiguity or doubt. [989]
• Clever: Mentally agile. [1310]
• Confused: Being in a state of not exactly knowing or understanding what is happening; bewildered; perplexed. [3858]
• Cunning: To be smart and witty. [2335]
• Difficult: Not easy, which needs hard work, patience and effort of either the physical or mental kind. [584]
• Easy: Requiring little skill or effort; posing no difficulty. [686]
• Experienced: To have apprehended objects, thoughts, or emotions through senses and mind. [2218]
• Foreign: Not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source. [109]
• Mad: Mentally ill. [1899]
• Obscure: Known vaguely or incompletely, if at all. [1764]
• Obstinate: Persisting in a reactionary stand. [1842]
• Secret: Being or kept hidden from public perception. [1121]
• Smart: To be of high intelligence. [2530]
• Strange: Out of the ordinary. [600]
• Stupid: Lacking in intelligence. [1518]
• Wise: Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience. [698]

Emotions and values

Food and drink

Kinship

Law

Miscellaneous function words

Modern world

Motion

Possession

Quantity

Religion and belief

Sense perception

Social and political relations

Spatial relations

Speech and language

The body

The house

The physical world

Time

Warfare and hunting