Themsarian/Verbal subparadigms
Regular verbs
| Subject affixes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | |||
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1.ex | mólīn, mólī(n)1- irḗdain, irēdai(n)1- gā́lein, gā́lei(n)1- |
mólmaech, mólmaech- irēdámaech, irēdamaech- gā́lémaech, gā́lemaech- | |
| 1.in | - | mólynse, mólynse- irēdánse, irēdanse- gā́lénse, gā́lense- | |
| 2 | mólyr, mólyr- irḗdar, irēdar- gā́ler, gā́ler- |
mólylse, mólylse- irēdálse, irēdalse- gā́lélse, gā́lelse- | |
| 3.an | mólym, mólm- irḗdam, irēdam- gā́lem, gā́lem- |
mólyri, mólyrie- irēdári, irēdarie- gā́léri, gā́lerie- | |
| 3.other | mólis, mólisi- irḗdais, irēdaisi- gā́leis, gā́leisi- |
mólti, móltie- irēdáti, irēdatie- gā́léti, gā́letie- | |
| Imperfect | |||
| Add the yn- prefix to the present forms. | |||
| Preterite | |||
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1.ex | mólýn, mólýn- irēdán, irēdán- gā́lén, gā́lén- |
mólmor, mólmor- irēdámor, irēdamor- gā́lémor, gā́lemor- | |
| 1.in | - | móltor, móltor- irēdátor, irēdator- gā́létor, gā́letor- | |
| 2 | mólýr, mólýr- irēdár, irēdár- gā́lér, gā́lér- |
mólylis, mólylis- irēdális, irēdalis- gā́lélis, gā́lelis- | |
| 3.m | móla, mólam- irḗdā, irḗdām- gā́lea, gā́leam- |
mólarí, mólaríe- irēdārí, irēdāríe- gā́learí, gā́learíe- | |
| 3.f | mólar, mólar- irḗdār, irḗdār- gā́lear, gā́lear- |
mólatí, mólatíe- irēdātí, irēdātíe- gā́leatí, gā́leatíe- | |
| Future | |||
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1.ex | mólḗn, mólḗn- irēdā́n, irēdā́n- gā́líen, gā́líen- |
mólḗmi, mólḗmī- irēdā́mi, irēdā́mi- gā́líemi, gā́líemī- | |
| 1.in | - | mólḗnse, mólḗnse- irēdā́nse, irēdā́nse- gā́líense, gā́líense- | |
| 2 | mólḗr, mólḗr- irēdā́r, irēdā́r- gā́líer, gā́líer- |
mólḗlse, mólḗlse- irēdā́lse, irēdā́lse- gā́líelse, gā́líelse- | |
| 3.m | mólḗm, mólḗm- irēdā́m, irēdā́m- gā́líem, gā́líem- |
mólḗri, mólḗri- irēdā́ri, irēdā́ri- gā́líeri, gā́líeri- | |
| 3.f | mólḗsi, mólḗsi- irēdā́si, irēdā́si- gā́líesi, gā́líesi- |
mólḗti, mólḗti- irēdā́ti, irēdā́ti- gā́líeti, gā́líeti- | |
| Jussive | |||
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1.ex | mólī́n, mólī́(n)1- irēdáin, irēdái(n)1- gā́léin, gā́léi(n)1- |
mólmáech, mólmáech- irēdamáech, irēdamáech- gā́lemáech, gā́lemáech- | |
| 1.in | - | mólynt, mólynti- irḗdant, irēdanti- gā́lent, gā́lenti- | |
| 2 | mólt, mólti- irḗdat, irēdati- gā́let, gā́leti- |
mólylt, mólylti- irḗdalt, irēdalti- gā́lelt, gā́lelti- | |
| 3.m | mólmór, mólmór- irēdamór, irēdamór- gā́lemór, gā́lemór- |
mólyrór, mólyrór- irēdarór, irēdarór- gā́lerór, gā́lerór- | |
| 3.f | mólisór, mólisór- irēdasór, irēdasór- gā́lesór, gā́lesór- |
móltór, móltór- irēdátór, irēdatór- gā́létór, gā́letór- | |
| Imperative | |||
| Singular | Plural | ||
| 1.in | - | mólyns, mólyns- irḗdans, irēdans- gā́lens, gā́lens- | |
| 2 | mól, mól- irēda, irḗda- gā́le, gā́le- |
mólyls, mólyls- irḗdals, irēdals- gā́lels, gā́lels- | |
| Non-finite forms | |||
| Present participle |
mólyrylF, mólyrl- irēdárylF, irēdárl- gā́lérylF, gā́lérl- | ||
| Imperfect participle |
Prefix yn- to the present participle. | ||
| Preterite participle |
mólnárylF, mólnárl- irēdanárylF, irēdanárl- gā́lenárylF, gā́lenárl- | ||
| Future participle |
mólḗrylF, mólḗrl- irēdā́rylF, irēdā́rl- gā́líerylF, gā́líerl- | ||
| Infinitive | mólsM irēdásM gā́lésM | ||
| Supine | mólḗðM irēdā́ðM térieðM | ||
Semivowel stems
*j-stems
áubiī́ - attack, strike
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | áubivs | áubins |
| 2 | áubi | áubirs | áubils |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubiī | áubidir | áubima |
| 1.in | - | áubivse | áubinse |
| 2 | áubir | áubirse | áubilse |
| 3/4.m | áubi | áubīr | áubivi |
| 3/4.f | áubīs | áubiti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubín | áubisid | áubimi |
| 1.in | - | áubitar | áubitā |
| 2 | áubír | áubirith | áubilith |
| 3/4.m | áubisa | áubisrí | áubisví |
| 3/4.f | áubisar | áubistí | |
| Future | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubī́n | áubī́dir | áubī́ma |
| 1.in | - | áubī́vse | áubī́nse |
| 2 | áubī́r | áubī́rse | áubī́lse |
| 3/4.m | áubī́ | áubī́ri | áubiī́vi |
| 3/4.f | áubī́s | áubī́ti | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | áubiī́ | áubirdá | áubimir |
| 1.in | - | áubivt | áubint |
| 2 | áubit | áubirt | áubilt |
| 3/4.m | áubimá | áubīrá | áubiħá |
| 3/4.f | áubīsá | áubitá | |
*w-stems
qervī́ - pack, condense
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | qéruvs | qéruns |
| 2 | qéry | qérurs | qéruls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qérvī | qérudir | qéruma |
| 1.in | - | qéruvse | qérunse |
| 2 | qérur | qérurse | qérulse |
| 3/4.m | qéry | qervir | qéruvi |
| 3/4.f | qérvis | qéruti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qerún | qérusid | qérumi |
| 1.in | - | qérutar | qérutā |
| 2 | qerúr | qérurith | qérulith |
| 3/4.m | qérusa | qerusrí | qerusví |
| 3/4.f | qérusar | qerustí | |
| Future | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qervḗn | qervḗdir | qervḗma |
| 1.in | - | qervḗvse | qervḗnse |
| 2 | qervḗr | qervḗrse | qervḗlse |
| 3/4.m | qervḗ | qervḗri | qervḗvi |
| 3/4.f | qervéis | qervḗti | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qervī́ | qerurdá | qérumir |
| 1.in | - | qéruvt | qérunt |
| 2 | qérut | qérurt | qérult |
| 3/4.m | qerumá | qervirá | qeruħá |
| 3/4.f | qervisá | qerutá | |
Labial obstruent stems
-vi, -vie- "dissimilates" to -ħi, -ħie-
duobī́ - to be assembled
Coronal obstruent stems
*t-, *d-, *tʰ-, *s-stems
{*t *d *tʰ *s}
- > s / _t
- > r / _d
qvothī́ - shout
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | qvóthyvs | qvóthyns |
| 2 | qvóth | qvóthyrs | qvóthyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvóthī | qvórdir | qvóthma |
| 1.in | - | qvóthyvse | qvóthynse |
| 2 | qvóthyr | qvóthyrse | qvóthylse |
| 3/4.m | qvóthe | qvóthir | qvóthvi |
| 3/4.f | qvóthis | qvósti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvothýn | qvóssid | qvóthmi |
| 1.in | - | qvóstar | qvóstā |
| 2 | qvothýr | qvóthrith | qvóthlith |
| 3/4.m | qvóssa | qvosrí | qvosví |
| 3/4.f | qvóssar | qvostí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | qvothī́ | qvothyrdá | qvóthmir |
| 1.in | - | qvóthyvt | qvóthynt |
| 2 | qvóthyt | qvóthyrt | qvóthylt |
| 3/4.m | qvothmá | qvothirá | qvothħá |
| 3/4.f | qvothisá | qvostá | |
*z-stems
fáerī́ - interlock, jam
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | fáéryvs | fáéryns |
| 2 | fáér | fáéryrs | fáéryls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáérī | fáérdir | fáérma |
| 1.in | - | fáéryvse | fáérynse |
| 2 | fáéryr | fáéryrse | fáérylse |
| 3/4.m | fáére | fáerir | fáérvi |
| 3/4.f | fáéris | fáésti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáerýn | fáéssid | fáérmi |
| 1.in | - | fáéstar | fáéstā |
| 2 | fáerýr | fáérrith | fáerlith |
| 3/4.m | fáéssa | fáesrí | fáesví |
| 3/4.f | fáéssar | fáestí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | fáerī́ | fáeryrdá | fáérmir |
| 1.in | - | fáéryvt | fáérynt |
| 2 | fáeryt | fáéryrt | fáérylt |
| 3/4.m | fáermá | fáerirá | fáerħá |
| 3/4.f | fáerisá | fáestá | |
*ʒ-stems
néuzī́ - pound, stamp
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | néuryvs | néuzyns |
| 2 | néuz | néuzyrs | néuzyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | néuzī | néurdir | néurma |
| 1.in | - | néuryvse | néuzynse |
| 2 | néuzyr | néuzyrse | néuzylse |
| 3/4.m | néuze | néuzir | néuzvi |
| 3/4.f | néuzis | néusti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | néuzýn | néussid | néurmi |
| 1.in | - | néustar | néustā |
| 2 | néuzýr | néurrith | néurlith |
| 3/4.m | néussa | néusrí | néusví |
| 3/4.f | néussar | néustí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | néuzī́ | néuzyrdá | néurmir |
| 1.in | - | néuryvt | néuzynt |
| 2 | néuzyt | néuzyrt | néuzylt |
| 3/4.m | néurmá | néuzirá | néurħá |
| 3/4.f | néuzisá | néustá | |
*ç- and *ƶ-stems
{*ç, *ƶ}
- > ch / _*C[+coronal +plosive]
- > s / _*C[+coronal +fricative/affricate]
- > [ː~] / _{*ç, *ƶ}
- > th, ð otherwise
rȳthī́ - classify, categorize
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvs | rȳ̌thyns |
| 2 | rȳ̌th | rȳ̌thyrs | rȳ̌thyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | rȳ̌thī | rȳ̌chdir | rȳ̌thma |
| 1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvse | rȳ̌thynse |
| 2 | rȳ̌thyr | rȳ̌thyrse | rȳ̌thylse |
| 3/4.m | rȳ̌the | rȳ̌thir | rȳ̌thvi |
| 3/4.f | rȳ̌this | rȳ̌chti | |
| Past perchective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | rȳthýn | rȳ̌ssid | rȳ̌thmi |
| 1.in | - | rȳ̌chtar | rȳ̌chtā |
| 2 | rȳthýr | rȳ̌thrith | rȳ̌thlith |
| 3/4.m | rȳ̌ssa | rȳsrí | rȳsví |
| 3/4.f | rȳ̌ssar | rȳstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | rȳthī́ | rȳthyrdá | rȳ̌thmir |
| 1.in | - | rȳ̌thyvt | rȳ̌thynt |
| 2 | rȳ̌thyt | rȳ̌thyrt | rȳ̌thylt |
| 3/4.m | rȳthmá | rȳthirá | rȳthħá |
| 3/4.f | rȳthisá | rȳchtá | |
Velar stems
C[+plosive, +velar] > ch / _d/t/ŧ
g > c / _C[-voiced]
uogī́ - err, miss
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | ǔogyvs | ǔogyns |
| 2 | ǔog | ǔogyrs | ǔogyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ǔogī | ǔochdir | ǔogma |
| 1.in | - | ǔogyvse | ǔogynse |
| 2 | ǔogyr | ǔogyrse | ǔogylse |
| 3/4.m | ǔoge | ǔogir | ǔogvi |
| 3/4.f | ǔogis | ǔochti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | uogýn | ǔocsid | ǔogmi |
| 1.in | - | ǔochtar | ǔochtā |
| 2 | uogýr | ǔogrith | ǔoglith |
| 3/4.m | ǔocsa | uocsrí | uocsví |
| 3/4.f | ǔocsar | uocstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | uogī́ | uogyrdá | ǔogmir |
| 1.in | - | ǔogyvt | ǔogynt |
| 2 | ǔogyt | ǔogyrt | ǔogylt |
| 3/4.m | uogmá | uogirá | uogħá |
| 3/4.f | uogisá | uochtá | |
Guttural stems
Radical stems
*q-stems
*ʁ-stems
*qʰ-stems
*ʔ-stems
*ʔ
- > [ː~] / V_CV
- > [~ː] / V_CC
hēseī́ - feel, emote
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | hēsḗvs | hēsḗns |
| 2 | hēsé | hēsḗrs | hēsḗls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēséī | hēséddir | hēsémma |
| 1.in | - | hēsḗvse | hēsḗnse |
| 2 | hēséyr | hēsḗrse | hēsḗlse |
| 3/4.m | hēsé | hēséìr | hēsévvi |
| 3/4.f | hēséìs | hēsétti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseýn | hēséssid | hēsémmi |
| 1.in | - | hēséttar | hēséttā |
| 2 | hēseýr | hēsérrith | hēséllith |
| 3/4.m | hēséssa | hēsēsrí | hēsēsví |
| 3/4.f | hēséssar | hēsēstí | |
| Future | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseḗn | hēseḗdir | hēseḗma |
| 1.in | - | hēseḗvse | hēseḗnse |
| 2 | hēseḗr | hēseḗrse | hēseḗlse |
| 3/4.m | hēseḗ | hēseḗri | hēseḗvi |
| 3/4.f | hḗseéis | hḗseḗti | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | hēseī́ | hēsērdá | hēsémmir |
| 1.in | - | hēsḗvt | hēsḗnt |
| 2 | hēsḗt | hēsḗrt | hēsḗlt |
| 3/4.m | hēsemmá | hēseìrá | hēsēħá |
| 3/4.f | hēseìsá | hēsettá | |
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ-stems
*{m, n, l, r}ʔ
- > mp, {n, l, r}t
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
híltī́ - imply, make transparent
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | híltyvs | híltyns |
| 2 | hílt | híltyrs | híltyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | híltī | híldir | híltma |
| 1.in | - | híltyvse | híltynse |
| 2 | híltyr | híltyrse | híltylse |
| 3/4.m | hílte | híltir | híltvi |
| 3/4.f | híltis | hílti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | híltýn | hílsid | híltmi |
| 1.in | - | híltar | híltā |
| 2 | híltýr | híltrith | híltlith |
| 3/4.m | hílsa | hílsrí | hílsví |
| 3/4.f | hílsar | hílstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | híltī́ | híltyrdá | híltmir |
| 1.in | - | híltyvt | híltynt |
| 2 | híltyt | híltyrt | híltylt |
| 3/4.m | híltmá | híltirá | híltħá |
| 3/4.f | híltisá | híltá | |
h-stems
*h
- > [ː~] / V_C[+fricative]V
- > [~ː] / V_C[otherwise]
bohī́ - measure
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | bō̌vs | bō̌ns |
| 2 | bō̌ | bō̌rs | bō̌ls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | bóhī | bō̌dir | bō̌ma |
| 1.in | - | bō̌vse | bō̌nse |
| 2 | bóhyr | bō̌rse | bō̌lse |
| 3/4.m | bóhe | bóhir | bō̌vi |
| 3/4.f | bóhis | bō̌ti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | bohýn | bóssid | bō̌mi |
| 1.in | - | bō̌tar | bō̌tā |
| 2 | bohýr | bō̌rith | bō̌lith |
| 3/4.m | bóssa | bōsrí | bōsví |
| 3/4.f | bóssar | bōstí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | bohī́ | bō̌rdá | bō̌mir |
| 1.in | - | bō̌vt | bō̌nt |
| 2 | bō̌t | bō̌rt | bō̌lt |
| 3/4.m | bōmá | bohirá | bōħá |
| 3/4.f | bohisá | bōtá | |
*{m, n, l, r}h-stems
*{m, n, l, r}h
- > mf, {n, l, r}th
- > m / _C[+labial +obstruent], {n, l, r} / _C[+coronal +obstruent]
inthī́ - lie (be in a supine position)
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | ínthyvs | ínthyns |
| 2 | ínth | ínthyrs | ínthyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ínthī | índir | ínthma |
| 1.in | - | ínthyvse | ínthynse |
| 2 | ínthyr | ínthyrse | ínthylse |
| 3/4.m | ínthe | ínthir | ínthvi |
| 3/4.f | ínthis | ínti | |
| Past perfective | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | inthýn | ínsid | ínthmi |
| 1.in | - | íntar | íntā |
| 2 | inthýr | ínthrith | ínthlith |
| 3/4.m | ínsa | insrí | insví |
| 3/4.f | ínsar | instí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | inthī́ | inthyrdá | ínthmir |
| 1.in | - | ínthyvt | ínthynt |
| 2 | ínthyt | ínthyrt | ínthylt |
| 3/4.m | inthmá | inthirá | inthħá |
| 3/4.f | inthisá | intá | |
Irregular verbs
Suppletive verbs
Suppletive verbs have many monosyllabic forms; in order to compensate for the lack of tonal information other roots were grafted into their paradigms.
vā́cī́n - copula
The copula is highly suppletive. The present, future, jussive and the infinitives share the stem vā́c-, while the imperfect has the stem ynt- (< *ʔṇʔ-). (There is no preterite.) Note also the preterite endings in the imperfect tense.
| Imperative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.in | - | vā́cyvs | vā́cyns |
| 2 | vā́c | vā́cyrs | vā́cyls |
| Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | (vā́cīn) | (vā́chdir) | (vā́cmi) |
| 1.in | - | (vā́cyvse) | (vā́cynse) |
| 2 | (vā́cyr) | (vā́cyrse) | (vā́cylse) |
| 3/4.m | (vā́ce) | (vā́cir) | (vā́cvi) |
| 3/4.f | (vā́cis) | (vā́chti) | |
| Present subjunctive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ávā́cīn | ávā́chdir | ávā́cmi |
| 1.in | - | ávā́cyvse | ávā́cynse |
| 2 | ávā́cyr | ávā́cyrse | ávā́cylse |
| 3/4.m | ávā́ce | ávā́cir | ávā́cvi |
| 3/4.f | ávā́cis | ávā́chti | |
| Imperfect | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | yntýn | ýnsid | ýntmā |
| 1.in | - | ýntar | ýntā |
| 2 | yntýr | ýntrith | ýntlith |
| 3/4.m | ýnta | yntarí | yntaví |
| 3/4.f | ýntar | yntatí | |
| Imperfect subjunctive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | ēntýn | ḕnsid | ḕntmā |
| 1.in | - | ḕntar | ḕntā |
| 2 | ēntýr | ḕntrith | ḕntlith |
| 3/4.m | ḕnta | ēntarí | ēntaví |
| 3/4.f | ḕntar | ēntatí | |
| Jussive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1.ex | vā́cī́n | vā́chdír | vā́cmí |
| 1.in | - | vā́cyvt | vā́cynt |
| 2 | vā́cyt | vā́cyrt | vā́cylt |
| 3/4.m | vā́cmá | vā́cirá | vā́cħá |
| 3/4.f | vā́cisá | vā́chtá | |
morī́ - 'exist'
Reduplicating stems
These verbs are reflexes of monosyllabic verbs whose stem originally consisted of consonant clusters with no vowel and was subsequently reduplicated to accommodate tonal patterns. They comprise a few irregular verbs.