Ilithian/Verbs
< Ilithian
Affixes
TODO: optative endings
Infinitive -ti from -tey, like in Balto-Slavic
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Primary endings Indicative
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Secondary endings Indicative
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Imperative endings
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Verb classes
Past perfective comes from PIE perfects or root aorists
Nasal infix class
Infinitive: jugti = to join, to connect
Gerundive: jugtí (jest)
Participles:
- jungas, junganť = pres. active participle
- jungamin = passive participle
- jungšas, jungšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungů | jungava | jungame | jungé | jungavjé | jungamjé |
| 2nd | jundžeš | jundžeta | jundžete | jundžesé | jundžeťé | jundžehvé |
| 3rd | jundžet | jundžetou | jungant | jundžeté | jundžetoudé | junganté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | ijugou | ijugava | ijugame | ijugamá | ijugavja | ijugamja |
| 2nd | ijudžech | ijudžeta | ijudžete | ijudžešá | ijudžetja | ijudžehvé |
| 3rd | ijudže | ijudžetou | ijugan | ijudžeta | ijudžetouda | ijuganta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jungšů | jungšava | jungšame | jungšé | jungšavjé | jungšamjé |
| 2nd | jungšaš | jungšata | jungšate | jungšasé | jungšaťé | jungšahvé |
| 3rd | jungšat | jungšatou | jungšant | jungšaté | jungšatoudé | jungšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | jungava! | jungame! | - | jungavá! | jungamjá! |
| 2nd | jundže! jundžedhi! | jundžeta! | jundžete! | jundžese! | jundžetá! | jundžehvé! |
| 3rd | jundžetu! | jundžetou! | jungantu! | jundžetá! | jundžetoudá! | jungantá! |
-áti verbs
Infinitive: šventáti = to worship
Gerundive: šventátí (jest)
Participles:
- šventous, šventánť = pres. active participle
- šventámin = passive participle
- šventášas, šventášanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | šventám | šventáva | šventáme | šventáj | šventávjé | šventámjé |
| 2nd | šventáš | šventáta | šventáte | šventásé | šventáťé | šventáhvé |
| 3rd | šventát | šventátou | šventánt | šventáté | šventátoudé | šventánté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | išventou | išventáva | išventáme | išventámá | išventávja | išventámja |
| 2nd | išventách | išventáta | išventáte | išventášá | išventáťa | išventáhvé |
| 3rd | išventá | išventátou | išventán | išventáta | išventátouda | išventánta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | šventášů | šventášava | šventášame | šventášé | šventášavjé | šventášamjé |
| 2nd | šventášaš | šventášata | šventášate | šventášasé | šventášaťé | šventášahvé |
| 3rd | šventášat | šventášatou | šventášant | šventášaté | šventášatoudé | šventášanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | šventáva! | šventáme! | - | šventává! | šventámahá! |
| 2nd | šventá! šventádhi! | šventáta! | šventáte! | šventáse! | šventátá! | šventáhvé! |
| 3rd | šventátu! | šventátou! | šventántu! | šventátá! | šventátouhá! | šventántá! |
Preterite indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | šešventá | šešventáva | šešventáme | šešventáj | šešventávjé | šešventámjé |
| 2nd | šešventásta | šešventáta | šešventáte | šešventášé | šešventáťé | šešventáhvé |
| 3rd | šešventá | šešventátou | šešventár | šešventáté | šešventátoudé | šešventáré |
-ejeti
Infinitive: harejeti = to anger
Gerundive: harejetí (jest)
Participles:
- harejas, harejanť = pres. active participle
- harejamin = passive participle
- haréšas, haréšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | harejů | harejava | harejame | harejé | harejavjé | harejamjé |
| 2nd | hareješ | harejeta | harejete | harejesé | harejeťé | harejehvé |
| 3rd | harejet | harejetou | harejant | harejeté | harejetoudé | harejanté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | iharejí, iharý | iharejeva | iharejeme | iharejemá | iharejevja | iharejemja |
| 2nd | iharejech | iharejeta | iharejete | ihareješá | iharejeťa | iharejehvé |
| 3rd | ihareje | iharejetou | iharejen | iharejeta | iharejetouda | iharejenta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | haréšů | haréšava | haréšame | haréšé | haréšavjé | haréšamjé |
| 2nd | haréšaš | haréšata | haréšate | haréšasé | haréšaťé | haréšahvé |
| 3rd | haréšat | haréšatou | haréšant | haréšaté | haréšatoudé | haréšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | harejeva! | harejeme! | - | harejevá! | harejemahá! |
| 2nd | hareje! harejedhi! | harejeta! | harejete! | harejese! | harejetá! | harejehvé! |
| 3rd | harejetu! | harejetou! | harejentu! | harejetá! | harejetouhá! | harejentá! |
Preterite indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | džehará | džeharéva | džeharéme | džeharejé | džeharévjé | džeharémjé |
| 2nd | džeharésta | džeharéta | džeharéte | džeharésé | džeharéťé | džeharéhvé |
| 3rd | džeharé, džehareje | džeharétou | džeharýr | džeharété | džeharétoudé | džeharýré |
-jeti
Infinitive: ašoušeti = to hear
Gerundive: ašoušetí (jest)
Participles:
- ašoušís, ašoušenť = pres. active participle
- ašoušemin = passive participle
- ašouššas, ašouššanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | ašoušem | ašouševa | ašoušeme | ašoušé | ašouševjé | ašoušemjé |
| 2nd | ašoušeš | ašoušeta | ašoušete | ašoušesé | ašoušeťé | ašoušehvé |
| 3rd | ašoušet | ašoušetou | ašoušent | ašoušeté | ašoušetoudé | ašoušenté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | jášouši | jášouševa | jášoušeme | jášoušemá | jášouševida | jášoušemida |
| 2nd | jášoušech | jášoušeta | jášoušete | jášoušešá | jášoušetida | jášoušehvé |
| 3rd | jášouše | jášoušetou | jášoušen | jášoušeta | jášoušetouda | jášoušenta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | ašouššů | ašouššava | ašouššame | ašouššé | ašouššavjé | ašouššamjé |
| 2nd | ašouššaš | ašouššata | ašouššate | ašouššasé | ašouššaťé | ašouššahvé |
| 3rd | ašouššat | ašouššatou | ašouššant | ašouššaté | ašouššatoudé | ašouššanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | ašouševa! | ašoušeme! | - | ašouševá! | ašoušemahá! |
| 2nd | ašouše! ašoušedhi! | ašoušeta! | ašoušete! | ašoušese! | ašoušetá! | ašoušehvé! |
| 3rd | ašoušetu! | ašoušetou! | ašoušentu! | ašoušetá! | ašoušetouhá! | ašoušentá! |
Thematic root class
Infinitive: bensti = to bind
Gerundive: benstí (jest)
Participles:
- bendhas, bendhanť = pres. active participle
- bandhamin = passive participle
- benšas, benšanť = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Present indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | bendhů | bendhava | bendhame | bendhé | bendhavjé | bendhamjé |
| 2nd | bendheš | bendheta | bendhete | bendhesé | bendheťé | bendhehvé |
| 3rd | bendhet | bendhetou | bendhant | bendheté | bendhetoudé | bendhanté |
Secondary conjugation
Imperfect indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | ibendhou | ibendhava | ibendhame | ibendhamá | ibendhavida | ibendhamida |
| 2nd | ibendhech | ibendheta | ibendhete | ibendhešá | ibendhetida | ibendhehva |
| 3rd | ibendhe | ibendhetou | ibendhan | ibendheta | ibendhetouda | ibendhanta |
Future indicative
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | benšů | benšava | benšame | benšé | benšavjé | benšamjé |
| 2nd | benšaš | benšata | benšate | benšasé | benšaťé | benšahvé |
| 3rd | benšat | benšatou | benšant | benšaté | benšatoudé | benšanté |
Imperative endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | - | bendhava! | bendhame! | - | bendhavá! | bendhamahá! |
| 2nd | bendhe! | bendheta! | bendhete! | bendhese! | bendhetá! | bendhehvé! |
| 3rd | bendhetu! | bendhetou! | bendhantu! | bendhetá! | bendhetouhá! | bendhantá! |
Root athematic
- důti (to give): dedům, dedůš, dedůt, ..., dedůnt
- státi (to stand): sestám, sestáš, sestát, ..., sestánt
- dhýti (to do): dedhým, dedhýš, dedhýt, ..., dedhýnt
- bháti (to say): bebhám, bebháš, bebhát, ..., bebhánt
- anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, aneštou, anešme, anešte, anešant
bhúti 'to be'
Infinitive: bhúti
Gerundive: bhútí (jest)
Participles:
- present jsas (m), jsanť (f)
- future bhúšas, bhúšanť
Present
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | jesmi | jsva | jsme |
| 2nd | jesi | jsta | jste |
| 3rd | jest | jstou | jsant |
Forms beginning with js- are pronounced with [çs-] if not after a vowel. (The j is a reflex of PIE h₁.)
Future
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | bhúšů | bhúšava | bhúšame |
| 2nd | bhúšaš | bhúšata | bhúšate |
| 3rd | bhúšat | bhúšatou | bhúšant |
Past ipfv.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | ibhúm | ibhúva | ibhúme |
| 2nd | ibhúch | ibhúta | ibhúte |
| 3rd | ibhú | ibhútou | ibhún |
Optative
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | bhújám | bhújáva | bhújáme |
| 2nd | bhújáš | bhújáta | bhújáte |
| 3rd | bhúját | bhújátou | bhújánt |
Imperative
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | - | bhúva! | bhúme! |
| 2nd | bhú! bhúdhi! | bhúta! | bhúte! |
| 3rd | bhútu! | bhútou! | bhúntu! |