Sintsiran
Sintsiran (Sintsiran: sínsirōs) is a language spoken by the Sintsiran people, a nationless people living on the Baltics, Eastern and Central Scandinavia, and parts of Central Europe. It is the sole surviving language of the Sintsiric branch of the Indo-European family. The language has a vocabulary that is inherited from Proto-Indo-European, along with words borrowed from Proto-Slavic, Proto-Germanic, Latin, and Koine Greek. This language can be written using the Sintsiran script or the Latin script.
Sintsiran retains many features of Proto-Indo-European, thus there are some similarities between this language and Latin, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, and Sanskrit.
Etymology
The word "Sintsiran" comes from the name of the lands of the Sintsiran people in Russian, Синцира (Sincira), which comes from the word in Sintsiran, Sínsirā, which in turn is comprised of three words: se (self), ins- (people, tribe), and íra (land).
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Velar / Palatal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k |
| voiced | b | d | g | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | x |
| voiced | v | z | ||
| Other | w | l, r | j | |
Grammar
Nominals
Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective.
Verbs
Verb conjugation has a higher degree of complexity than nominal declension. There are many things that influence the conjugation of a verb:
- Voice: active, passive
- Tense: present, perfect, pluperfect (only in passive), imperfect, future
- Mood: indicative, subjunctive, imperative
- Person: I, you (singular), he/she/it, we, you (plural), they
This does not include auxiliary conjugations, with an auxiliary verb. Similarly, vowel mutations exist in almost every verb. There are 41 different vowel mutation patterns, which arise from the different grades of vowels in Proto-Indo-European.
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