Indeyivroplu
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Indeyivroplu (indėvroplu / индевроплу 🔊), also known as Indevroplu, is a personal constructed language that is classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language, with the goals of reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family, and maintaining an absolute logic in structure. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely a posteriori, rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some words loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique root words.
The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and some inspirations received from other world languages. It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination, and lack of grammatical gender or cases.
| Indeyivroplu | |
|---|---|
| indėvroplu индевроплу | |
| Pronunciation | [in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞] |
| Created by | Palachu |
| Date | 2017-2024 |
| Setting | fictional; southeastern Europe |
Indo-European
| |
Orthography
| Letter-Latin | Letter-Cyrillic | IPA Equiv. |
|---|---|---|
| Aa | Аа | [a] |
| Bb | Бб | [b] |
| Dd | Дд | [d̪] |
| Ee | Ээ | [ɛ] |
| Ėė | Ее | [ɪ̞] |
| Ff | Фф | [f] |
| Gg | Гг | [g] |
| Ğğ | Ғғ | [ɣ] |
| Hh | Ҳҳ | [h] |
| Ii | Ии | [i] |
| Jj | Йй | [j] |
| Kk | Кк | [kʰ] |
| Ll | Лл | [l] |
| Mm | Мм | [m] |
| Nn | Нн | [n] |
| Ňň | Ңң | [ŋ] |
| Oo | Оо | [ɔ] |
| Pp | Пп | [pʰ] |
| Rr | Рр | [r],[ɾ]¬ |
| Ss | Сс | [s] |
| Šš | Шш | [ʃ] |
| Tt | Тт | [t̪ʰ] |
| Uu | Уу | [u̞] |
| Vv | Вв | [v] |
| Xx | Хх | [χ] |
| Zz | Зз | [z] |
| Žž | Жж | [ʒ] |
Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic (aeėiou → áéëíóú) to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.
¬with two IPA values, use first value only if letter comes first in syllable
Phonology
Indeyivroplu has a very close to perfectly phonemic orthography, where 1 grapheme always corresponds to 1 phoneme and vice versa. Morphophonology does not play any role, but the only minor deviation is with the 1 letter <r>, which is articulated as a trill when first in a syllable, and as a tap otherwise. Note that the 3 unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Denti-alveolar | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pʰ b | t̪ʰ d̪ | kʰ g | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ɣ | χ | h | ||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Lateral Approx. | l | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | <--> | Central | <--> | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ||||
| Near-Close | u̞ | ||||
| Close-Mid | ɪ̞ | ||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Near-Open | |||||
| Open | a |
Prosody
When pronouncing words, the division between syllables in the case of a consonant cluster at a syllable boundary is done by equally splitting the consonants if an even cluster, or putting 1 more consonant in the 2nd syllable if an odd cluster. The only exception to this method is with glides (see "Phonotactics" below).
Stress
Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable. Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, the antepenultimate (third last) syllable for interjections, and the penultimate for all else. An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú). There is also secondary stress in words with more than four syllables, falling on every third syllable before the primary stress. The select few one-syllable words also get secondary stress.
- prė - [ˌpʰɾɪ̞]
- andir - [anˈd̪iɾ]
- gišera - [giˈʃɛ.ra]
- gutňohajr - [gu̞t̪ʰ.ŋɔˈhajɾ]
- nėkonlunkorsu - [nɪ̞.kʰɔnˌlu̞nˈkʰɔɾ.su̞]
- húndatğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
- luskorzorkėgijohu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾˌzɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈjɔ.hu̞]
Intonation
Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.
Phonotactics
Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics. There are three rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters can break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:
- = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
- = The rhotic <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
- = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.
Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
- = Word stems / morphemes must always end in a consonant. This exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel.
- Generally, a final front vowel in the original language converts to <j>, and a final back vowel becomes <ğ>.
Morphology
Inflection
Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -u (noun), -a (adjective), -i (adverb), -ė (preposition/conjunction), -o (pronoun), -e (interjection), -ir (infinitive verb).
- prend- = related to comprehension
- prendu = understanding (n.)
- prendir = to understand (inf. v.)
- prenda = understood (adj.)
- prendi = understandingly (adv.)
- prende = OK / understood (intj.)
- loğ- = related to reason
- loğu = reason, logic (n.)
- loğė = because (conj.)
- loğa = logical (adj.)
- loği = logically (adv.)
- loğir = reason (inf. v.)
- m- = related to 1st person
- mo = I, me (pron.)
- ma = my (adj.)
Conjugation
Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. To conjugate, use the following suffixes:
| Infinitive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ir | |||||
| Indicative | |||||
| Past | Pres. | Futu. | |||
| 1stP. | sing. | -arz | -ar | -arx | |
| plu. | -ajrz | -ajr | -ajrx | ||
| 2ndP. | sing. | -urz | -ur | -urx | |
| plu. | -ujrz | -ujr | -ujrx | ||
| 3rdP. | sing. | -ėrz | -ėr | -ėrx | |
| plu. | -ėjrz | -ėjr | -ėjrx | ||
| Imperative | |||||
| 1stP. | sing. | -arf | |||
| plu. | -ajrf | ||||
| 2ndP. | sing. | -urf | |||
| plu. | -ujrf | ||||
| 3rdP. | sing. | -ėrf | |||
| plu. | -ėjrf | ||||
| Subjunctive | |||||
| -sj- + (indicative conjug.) | |||||
| Conditional | |||||
| -šp- + (indicative conjug.) | |||||
| Interrogative | |||||
| možhė-* + (verb stem) + (conjug.) | |||||
The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: Grammatical Mood.
The interrogative mood using the prefix možhė is used in all questions, unless they already include one of the question words that begin with tšė.
*Colloquially, <h> is dropped to become možė
Syntax
Loanword Adaptation
Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
- ips- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ψηλός (psilós) "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ύψος (ípsos) "height".
- soň- is the word stem relating to "sleep", loaned from Spanish sueño "sleep" (n.), but made to reflect the more basic root soñar, even if in Spanish it changes meanings to "dream" (v.).
Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.
- fxas.elu [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
- dúaj.ė [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
- njeğ.u [ˈnjɛɣ] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
- note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play
Agglutination
Indeyivroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.
When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.
- fligmuku ("bat") = flig.a + muk.u ("flying" + "rat")
- kajskorxonu ("laboratory") = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u ("trial" + "to work" + "house")
- inždora ("farthest") = inž.i + dor.a ("most" + "far")
The only cases where a non-final morpheme ever gets an interfix are for: morphemes ending in an obstruent + <r> sequence, and the 28 total "ghost-syllable" morphemes, named so because they consist of 1 syllable onset followed by -ė in all positions except word-finally. They are:
d, dj, fr, fsj, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xv, zd, zg, ž, žm
- stė.ob.ronir "surf" versus on.sti "then" (as opposed to on.stė.i)
- lė.jek.hu "syllable" versus elin.lu "Greek" (as opposed to elin.lė.u)
- kondrėzajtė "across from" versus bimor.kondru "antidote" (as opposed to bimor.kondrė.u)
- ultrėkluka "ingenious" versus ultri "extremely" (as opposed to ultrė.i)
Constituent Order
Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects. Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb. Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object. Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially where there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.
"I have all of your blue books."
- tenar fsja ta sina girkju.
- tenar ta fsja sina girkju.
- tenar sina ta fsja girkju.
- ...
"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."
- loğė rigėňu etabėndi ronkurz eosė kordafterxonu.
- etabėndi ronkurz eosė kordafterxonu loğė rigėňu.
- ...
Vocabulary
Basics
- hello = prėvete [pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɛ]
- good = guta [ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
- bad = nėguta [nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
- yes = bale [ˈbalɛ]
- no = ne [nɛ]
- welcome = gutetge [gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɛ]
- to go = gir [giɾ]
- to say = lir [liɾ]
- what = tšo [t̪ʰʃɔ]
- correct = pšaja [ˈpʰʃaja]
- happy = felisa [fɛˈlisa]
- thank you = sepose [sɛˈpʰɔsɛ]
- see you later = eosnėfre [ˈɛɔsnɪ̞fɾɛ]
- language = leňgu [ˈlɛŋgu̞]
- conlang = penzleňgu [pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]
Lists
| Swadesh list subset | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| I | mo |
| you | to |
| he | opso |
| we | mėjo |
| you (pl.) | tėjo |
| they | sėjo |
| this | eto |
| that | ono |
| here | eteli |
| there | oneli |
| who | tšėso |
| what | tša |
| Colors | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| black | švatsa |
| white | sefida |
| gray | lusšvatsa |
| red | sorxa |
| pink | lussorxa |
| purple | porfora |
| blue | sina |
| cyan | grinsina |
| green | grina |
| yellow | kitrėfaba |
| orange | oraňžfaba |
| brown | marona |
| Numbers | |
|---|---|
| numeral | Indeyivroplu |
| 0 | nul |
| 1 | jek |
| 2 | zjoğ |
| 3 | trij |
| 4 | tšahor |
| 5 | pandž |
| 6 | šeš |
| 7 | sem |
| 8 | axt |
| 9 | enun |
| 10 | deš |
| 11 | dešvėjek |
| 12 | dešvėzjoğ |
| 20 | zjoğdeš |
| 100 | hundat |
| 1'000 | jijaz |
| 1'000'000 | jekėljun |
| 1×10^9 | zjoğėljun |
| 1×10^12 | trijėljun |
Sample Sentences
Text Excerpts
- fsja umanju nasėjr diňiteti vė drejti lijra vė hama. sėjo samhulėjr loğu vė isikdju onvė gutšpi ėnderxunti bratsposebi silėjr. 🔊
- фсйа уманйу насейр диңитэти ве дрэйти лийра ве ҳама. сейо самҳулейр лоғу ве исикдйу онве гутшпи ендэрхунти братспосэби силейр.
- "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
- Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1
- "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
- onvė tana zėmėlu tenėrz jeka leňgu vė jeka lu. onvė zamonė dezausti sėjo jėzdėjrz, pasėndozi getėjrz rafšezafu metšė Šinar-elu, onvė oneli bėnakėjrz. 🔊
- онве тана земелу тэнерз йэка лэңгу ве йэка лу. онве замоне дэзаусти сейо йездейрз, пасендози гэтейрз рафшэзафу мэтше Шинар-элу, онве онэли бенакейрз.
- "And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech."
- "And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there."
- Source: King James Bible; The Tower of Babel
- mezė gušakar sėjo tenėjrz vjė mėjo mnoga poštgėmožju, mezė nėjrz. onvė gėsjėjrz ustė ni djėšpajr loğė hėšpėjr dezumka. 🔊
- мэзе гушакар сейо тэнейрз вйе мейо многа поштгеможйу, мэзе нейрз. онве гесйейрз усте ни дйешпайр лоғе ҳешпейр дэзумка.
- "But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten."
- Source: The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers; Sam; pg. 719
- "But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten."
Famous Quotes
- lėsjur mo ustė dezumšpar. omuzkėsjur mo ustė metšumšpar. prėfigsjur mo ustė omuzšpar. 🔊
- лесйур мо усте дэзумшпар. омузкесйур мо усте мэтшумшпар. префигсйур мо усте омузшпар.
- "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
- Source: Benjamin Franklin
- "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
- frėzamondezumtorju hėjr losštrafa vėrazkir ho. 🔊
- фрезамондэзумторйу ҳейр лосштрафа веразкир ҳо.
- "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- Source: Jorge Santayana
- "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- ohemu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėerxvolu tenėr samha hastloğu. 🔊
- оҳэму ҳер ни истир дйеэрхир. дйеэрхволу тэнер самҳа ҳастлоғу.
- "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."
- Source: Albert Einstein
- "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."
Indeyivroplu Resources
Resources & Documents
Indeyivroplu words on Linguifex
Typing Diacritics
Latin:
- ėğňšž / ĖĞŇŠŽ
- áéëíóú / ÁÉËÍÓÚ
Cyrillic:
- ғҳң / ҒҲҢ
- а́э́е́и́о́у́ / А́Э́Е́И́О́У́
Additional Details
The meaning of the name Indeyivroplu, natively indėvroplu, is "Indo-European speech."
Setting
The fictional region in the world where Indeyivroplu would be spoken is along rural parts of the northern shore of the Danube river in Romania by the Bulgarian border, and is named Tsaxikézaf (transliterated to either Țahichezaf or Цахикезаф). This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the home nations of Indeyivroplu's eight constituent languages.
Writing Conventions
- Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.
- In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.
- If typing diacritics is not supported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters can become their base form plus ь.
- Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.
- In the specific case of an Indeyivroplu word being used as a proper noun (i.e. when translating titles of media to Indeyivroplu), the word is to be capitalized but a comma is appended instead of a hyphen.