Ierumidd

Ierumith
ierumidd

Pronunciation	[je.rɨ.mið]
Created by	wfosøra
Language family	ierum Urnfield Insular Welsh/High Ierumith
Dialects	Formal Standard North South
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Introduction

At the start, there was no 'goal' in mind, I knew nothing about linguistics, but as of now, I am going for a somewhat naturalistic lang, I am mostly doing this for fun.

My inspiration comes from a wide range of languages, Sumerian for a lot of the Grammar, Welsh for grammar, spelling, sound changes, and there's certainly some Germanic influence.

List of ideas/wants:

Incorporate more Brythonic words (Proto-Brythonic and Welsh).
Incorporate more English (Old to New).
Translate a song.

This language is spoken by a population of about 20k in North Wales, with a small population in South Wales.

The earliest version of this conlang started on November 8th of 2023, there have been 3 complete redos, making the current version V4, it has changed completely since its birth, going from analytical, to fusional, and now to agglutinative.

I wouldn't exactly say there's anything 'peculiar' about it, but it does have some odd features, in the formal and archaic registers of the language, the perfect is marked through an affix separate from the tense markers, this has since shifted to an aux verb in most dialects, in a few minor southern dialects the marker merged with the tense markers to create three new, separate perfect tense markers.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography
	Formal	Standard	North	South
a/â	/a, aː/	/a, aː/	/a, aː/	/a, aː/
b	/b/	/b/	/b/	/b/
c	/k/	/k/	/k/	/k/
ci	/c, ki/	/c, ki/	/kj, ki/	/kj, ki/
gi	/ɟ, gi/	/ɟ, gi/	/gj, gi/	/gj, gi/
si	/ç/	/ç/	/ʃ/	/ʃ/
zi	/ʝ/	/ʝ/	/ʒ/	/ʒ/
d	/d/	/d/	/d/	/d/
dd	/ð/	/ð/	/ð/	/ð/
e/ê	/e, eː/	/e, eː/	/ɛ, eː/	/ɛ, eː/
f	/v/	/v/	/v/	/v/
ff	/f/	/f/	/f/	/f/
g	/g/	/g/	/g/	/g/
ng	/ŋ/	/ŋ/	/ŋ/	/ŋ/
ngh	/ŋ̊/	/ŋ̊/	/ŋ̊/	/ŋ̊/
h	/x/	/x/	/χ/	/χ/
i/î	/i, iː, j/	/i, iː, j/	/ɪ, iː, j/	/ɪ, iː, j/
ni	/ɲ/	/ɲ/	/ɲ/	/ɲ/
nih	/ɲ̊/	/ɲ̊/	/ɲ̊/	/ɲ̊/
l	/l/	/l/	/l/	/l/
ll	/ɬ/	/ɬ/	/ɬ/	/ɬ/
m	/m/	/m/	/m/	/m/
mh	/m̥/	/m̥/	/m̥/	/m̥/
n	/n/	/n/	/n/	/n/
nh	/n̥/	/n̥/	/n̥/	/n̥/
o/ô	/o, oː/	/o, oː	/ɔ, oː/	/ɔ, oː/
p	/p/	/p/	/p/	/p/
r	/r/	/r/	/r/	/r/
rh	/r̥/	/r̥/	/r̥/	/r̥/
s	/s/	/s/	/s/	/s/
z	/z/	/z/	/z/	/z/
t	/t/	/t/	/t/	/t/
th	/θ/	/θ/	/θ/	/θ/
u/û	-	/ɨ, ɨː/	/ɨ̞, ɨː/	-
w/ŵ	/u, uː, w/	/u, uː, w/	/ʊ, uː, w/	/ʊ, uː, w/
y	/ə/	/ə/	/ə/	/ə/
q	/ɢ/	/ɢ/	/ɢ/	/ɢ/
qh	/q/	/q/	/q/	/q/
nq	/ɴ/	/ɴ/	-	-
nqh	/ɴ̥/	/ɴ̥/	-	-
x	/ʁ/	/ʁ/	/ʁ/	/ʁ/
xh	/χ/	/χ/	-	-
aw/ø	/au̯/	/ɔ/	o /ɔ/	o /ɔ/

ø is a modern convention to avoid confusion, it only appears in the Modern Standard form.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
	Labial		Dental		alveolar		palatal		Velar		Uvular		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m			n̥	n	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Stop	p	b			t	d	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	(ʔ)¹
Affricate	p͡ɸ	b͡β			t͡s	d͡z	c͡ç	ɟ͡ʝ	k͡x		q͡χ	ɢ͡ʁ
Fricative	f	v	θ	ð	s	z	ç	ʝ	x		χ	ʁ
Approximant		(w)²						(j)³
Lateral					ɬ	l
Trill					r̥	r

Notes:

1: alophone of /t/, usually between a vowel and a fricative
2: non-vocalic allophone of /u/
3: non-vocalic allophone of /i/

Modern Consonant phonemes
	Labial		Dental		alveolar		palatal	Velar		Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m			n̥	n		ŋ̊	ŋ
Stop	p	b			t	d		k	ɡ	q	(ʔ)¹
Fricative	f	v	θ	ð	s	z				χ	h~x
Approximant		(w)²					(j)³
Lateral					ɬ	l
Trill					r̥	r

Notes:

1: alophone of /t/, usually between a vowel and a fricative
2: non-vocalic allophone of /u/
3: non-vocalic allophone of /i/

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
	Front		Central		Back
Close	i	iː	ɨ	ɨː	u	uː
Close-mid	e	eː			o	oː
Mid			ə
Open-mid					ɔ	ɔː
Open	a	aː			ɑ	ɑː

Diphthongs
	Front		Back
Closing	ai̯	ai̯ː	ou̯	ou̯ː

Prosody

Stress

Stress is slightly odd in this language, it is always placed on the case markers in nouns and tense in verbs.

Unstressed vowel reduction does not occur, so always pronounce vowels fully.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Grammar

Nouns

Cases

Case markers
	Archaic/Formal	Modern
Nominative	-arh	-ar
Accusative	-amh	-am
Genitive	-as	-az
Dative	-imh	-im
Vocative	-joqh	-
Inessive	-thaw	yn/muwn
Elative	-ide	oddi
Ablative	-llo	oddi
Allative	-all	ar
Adessive	-emh	ar
Abessive	-co	heb
Comitative	-eqh	efo
Instrumental	-poq	drwu/efo

In the modern forms, all but the main four cases (The first four) are lost, having been replaced with Welsh prepositions.

With the Vocative, the animacy of the person you're adressing was raised (em>anq), this is the only preserved aspect of the Vocative case, though it's being phased out in favor of honorifics, usually an honorific derived from the word for polite interjections, 'ahn', which is a general polite word used for 'Please, thank you, you're welcome', this would look like 'ahn john' or 'ahn mari'

Adjectives

Verbs

Adverbs

Particles

Derivational morphology

Syntax

Word order

The base order is VSO, following Welsh, the more specific word order also follows Welsh, Preverbal particle — Verb — Subject — Direct object — Indirect object — Adverbials (prepositional phrase, adverb, etc.)

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Dialects

Formal/Old

The Formal register of the language, also called 'Old' because it's almost identical to Old Welsh Ierumidd, retaining many features lost in the modern and standard forms.

Modern Standard

Standard is what's used here, it's a compromise between Formal and Colloquial, it mostly retains Formal phonology (with a few changes to be more understandable, like Archaic /au̯/ being /ɔ/, and /ɨ/) and vocab but with the grammatical changes the modern forms have, this is what's taught to foreign learners so they have the best of both.

North

This is the most spoken dialect, making up about 83% of speakers (~16,600), it attains the vowels of Northern Welsh, meaning Archaic /au̯/ has merged with short o, which is now /ɔ/.

South

Attains the vowels of Northern ierum, the exception being the merge of /i(ː)/ and /ɨ(ː)/ to /ɪ, iː/