Welcome to Jotadiego's user page on Linguifex!
Hi guys! I'm Jotadiego (people from the Facebook groups may know me as J Diego; I've also gone by the nicknames Taimunozhan and Squirrelwug).
I've been creating languages since I was 14 or so (2008-ish), after getting interested in Esperanto and Tolkien's languages. My first conlangs where rather uncouth (Spaele, which was an unholy mix of words from a dozen sources, and Mëntinlan and Calacalá, both of which attempted in some way or other to be logical languages) but, as years went by, I managed to create better conlangs (nonetheless, I've decided to keep those early languages rather than getting rid of them; my reluctance to abandon old conlangs is one of the key elements which have lead me to hoard dozens and dozens of conlangs of my own).
Although I'm not a linguist (nor have I pursued a career in linguistics) I'm passionate about languages. As it's the case for many conlangers, my interest is not as much about 'learning' languages (I'm only conversational in English, other than my native tongue [Uruguayan Rioplatense] Spanish) but about the quirks of different languages in their grammars, phonologies and history. I'm particularly interested on language evolution and comparative linguistics (something that has influenced me as a conlanger: I'll often make language families or try to work out relations between my conlangs). I just love the idea of seeing different behaviour evolve from a common ancestor and tracking down seemingly unrelated words to the same etymology (like Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar, blood) actually being a cognate to English iron).
My conlangs usually fit the artlang category; I don't really intend to get people to speak them (I do not make much of an effort to learn them either); I'd just rather make them interesting to me. Sometimes, I'll make conlangs to explore some concept (Lynn, for instance, was born out of pondering what Spanish would look like if it had underwent a sound change like Grimm's law in Germanic languages; Dongh, a latter conlang, was the opposite: my attempt to make a Germanic language where those sound changes had been undone resulting in words like /puːd/ which actually comes from Old English fōt but which may looks closer to PIE *pṓds). I'd like imagining that some of my conlangs would be spoken by different groups of fictional folks (which further motivates me to make them naturalistic) though I don't normally go too deep in the conworld element. Many of my conlangs (between a third and a half of them, I think) have scripts of their own though I'll often stick with their more convenient romanizations (out of laziness, that is).
I've worked both on a priori and a posteriori languages; I don't have a clear preference for either, though I'm most commonly seen using Efenol (particularly its western dialect, Efenol del'Oth), an a posteriori language based on Spanish (my first language). Although I'm indeed fond of Efenol, it's actually not my favourite (my apparent preference for using it mostly stems from it being really easy for me to derive Efenol words and phrases by applying the appropriate rules; it is the only conlang that I'd be able to speak confidently enough). While I wouldn't claim to have a favourite either, I can say that both Tengoko and Lisnäit occupy a special place for me (though there are other conlangs I've made which are probably much more interesting in terms of grammar, history, etc).
I've got a certain tendency to make a new conlang every time I get what I deem to be an interesting idea. This, along with the facts that I'll seldom abandon an old conlang and that I like working with language families (which often results in new daughter/mother/sister languages) has effected the current situation where I've got a ton of conlangs most of which are, unfortunately, underdeveloped. From time to time I'll try to revisit an old conlang I hadn't worked on for a long time (which most often results in reforming the language), but my long sought goal of properly documenting each of my conlangs has remained elusive.
Other than conlangs and linguistics, my interests are science, maths, IT and programming (I've somehow ended studying computer engineering), geography (and cartography!) among others. My favourite books include His Dark Materials trilogy (by Philip Pullman) and stuff by Asimov (I like The End of Eternity better than the Foundation series but I think that his best works are actually his short stories like Nightfall, The Gentle Vultures or The Last Question). I've developed a liking for animé with FMA Brotherhood, Durarara, Puella Magi Madoka Magica and the little known Shinsekai Yori being my favourites. As for music, I'm mostly into rock and pop though I listen to a wide range of genres (there are only a few kinds of music I don't really like including some kinds of tropical music which, much to my dislike, seem to be way too popular where I live u_u).
By the way, I'm an admin and a founding member of Conlangs (Español), a Spanish-language Facebook group for talking about conlangs and related stuff. If you hablas español, make sure to check it out! ;)
Languages
INCOMPLETE LIST
I've got quite a few conlangs (the length of this list may prove that to be an understatement) though, unfortunately, most of them are underdeveloped (some are hardly more than sketches). While I'm certainly not developing all of them at a time most (if not all) could be said to be active in the sense that, from time to time, I'll review them and translate a thing or two (this has become specially the case in 2015, when I imposed myself the goal of coining a word each day alternating between my conlangs).
I plan to add examples and, eventually, articles of their own for each conlang but that is going to take quite a time.
Early conlangs
My first experience at conlanging was creating an Esperantido which is now lost (I only thing I remember is that it had the genitive/possessive suffix -esa). My first serious attempts, however, where Mëntinlan, Spaele and Calacalá (Mëntinlan being the first though I had worked with something which my be thought of as a precursor to Spaele before, so Spaele could also claim that title). Other than beginning as rather unrefined conlangs (due to my lack of experience and linguistic knowledge at the time) they do not share much, though I'll often treat them as a group just out of nostalgia (Efanyó, my fourth conlang, could also be included in here on a similar basis).
- Non-diachronic a posterirori.
- Mëntinlan (originally spelled Meantinlan) is a language with agglutinative word formation and otherwise analytic grammar. Its lexical roots are mostly derived from English (though often "volapukized" to a less recognizable form); for instance Mëntinlan used* to mean 'symbolic language' and was formed by joining "mëntin" (symbol, itself from "mën", from English mean and "tin", from English thing) and "lan" (language).
- The language's head directionality was changed so now 'symbolic language' would be "Lantinmën". The old form of name, however, was kept unchanged.
- Constructed scripts: Mëntinpiky (logographic)
- Non-diachronic a posterirori.
- Spaele (also Spaëlë) is an agglutinative language with a lexicon drawn from several natural languages (featuring most prominently English, Esperanto, German, Spanish and Latin). Nouns and adjectives are declined for two numbers and four genders (feminine, masculine, neutral and mixed) which can be determined from word terminations and accept a large number of case suffixes. Verbs may be conjugated to indicate both their subjects and direct objects.
- Constructed scripts: Runei (in two variants, Runei proper and Runei Noviei or new Runei; featural), Piumafonte (alphabetic)
- A priori.
- Calacalá (which may be Anglicised as "Chalachalah") is a logical language following a concept similar to that of Ro: each letter defines a category which can be further refined with additional letters (da for descriptions, dac for colours, dacaz for blue, dacazav for bluish indigo, etc). However, one feature that sets Calacalá apart of Ro is that only consonants count in this regard (the previous examples could be thought as D, DC, DCZ and DCZV respectively) while vowels are only auxiliary (they may help telling apart words with similar consonants). There exist two vocalization schemes (fixed set of rules determining which vowels to add to a consonant string) which account for what could be said to be two Calacalá dialects: Caladá and Çelçeli.
- Constructed scripts: Calasifal (an abjad though, due to the peculiarities of Calacalá, it could also be though as a full alphabet).
Neo-Hispanic
There was a period where I experimented on conlangs based on Spanish (my native language). I collectively refer to them as Neo-Hispanic, as if they were their own sub-branch of Romance. Neo-Hispanic would be further divided in two major branches: the Germanic-ish Lynnic branch (which experienced a sound change analogous to Grimm's law) and the so-called Efanic branch (which shares some sound changes like /sp/ -> /f/).
Many of those conlangs follow the "language X evolved to look like language Y" which can be found in conlangs by other authors. At the time I did specially like Þrjótrunn, which was basically "Latin evolved to look Icelandic" (resulting in one of the best conlangs I've seen; which further motivated me to try that approach).
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Efanic
- Efanyó was my attempt to foresee a possible future Spanish. It simplifies many consonant clusters, reduces (and loses) some syllables and it incorporates a phenomenon which is basically identical to French Liaison (some final consonants are only realized if followed by a vowel-initial word).
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Lynnic
- One day I wondered what Spanish would look like if it had a consonant shift like Germanic Grimm's law. In a matter of hours, I had already begun to sketch Lynn. I've constructed three varieties of Lynn: Old Lynn (ancestral to the other two), Eastern Lynn (or Estlynn) and Western Lynn (Lyn Talost). Each of the latter varieties would give rise later to further descendants.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Lynnic
- Lün descends from Estlynn, the Eastern dialect of Lynn. Although descended from Spanish, Lün was modelled to resemble German and, like German itself, it is actually a range of linguistic varieties which may not always be inter-intelligible. Since I reformed it in 2015 there are two main Lün varieties: High Lün and Low Lün (the first of which displays some of the sound changes that set apart real life High German form Low German).
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Lynnic
- Lyun descends from Lyn Talost, the Western dialect of Lynn (Spanish × Grimm's law). There are a number of features that set Lyun apart from related conlangs, most prominently a reduced vowel system (3, compared to Lynn's 6 or 7 depending on the variety) and a vastly simplified verb conjugation.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Lynnic / Nystric
- Just like Lynn/Lün/Lyun, Nystrr follows the idea of applying to Spanish the developments that set the Germanic branch apart from other IE branches; however Nystrr could be said to do better in this regard as it does not only incorporate Grimm's law but also a n analogue to Verner's law. Nystrr also has some other sound changes which are intended to give it an Old Norse-like look. Nystrr also includes Talsur (or Old Nystrr), an earlier stage between Spanish and Nystrr proper.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Efanic
- Fein descends from Efanyó (which itself descends from Spanish). Compared to Spanish (or Efanyó, for the matter), Fein is more analytic and shows an incipient vowel harmony.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Efanic
- Efenol is the language I work with the most often (mostly because it is really easy for me to translate into Efenol). A hypothetical descendant of Spanish, Efenol has some features commonly found in Celtic languages like consonant and vowel mutations. For instance, the C in "cas" (house, from Spanish casa) is lenited to G in "a·gas" (the house) whereas the A is mutated to EI in plural forms like "a·ceis" (the houses, plural articles do not trigger lenition). Tolkien's Sindarin was at a time the main stylistic influence for Efenol (and still is, though to a lesser extent).
- Efenol is a pluri-centric language with three main dialects: Western Efenol (Efenol del'Oth, the one I use the most), Northern Efenol (Efenol del Norz) and Eastern Efenol (Efenol del'Ez); what could have been a fourth major dialect, Southern Efenol (Efenol d'e·ssur), is divergent enough to be better understood as a separate(though highly related) language. Other than those major dialects, there are two more noteworthy dialects: Northeastern (Efenol Nordezîn) which could be thought of as a transitional variety between the Northern and Eastern varieties and Hunzad, a rather divergent variety of Northern Efenol which features vowel harmony but which is usually considered (in-world) as an Efenol del Norz [sub-]dialect.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic
- Ifánico is a Spanish-based language which features a mostly agglutinative declension system (for number, gender, case and definiteness) based on suffixes derived from Spanish prepositions and articles (the shift in position, from pre-word prepositions and articles to post-word suffixes is a result of a [fictional] Vesre-like slang which grow to be incorporated in Ifánico). This leads to nominal phrases like en los árboles (Spanish for 'in the trees') to become alboriloren (albor, tree, -i, a plural marker derived from Spanish -es, -lor, from Spanish los, a masculine definite marker, and -en, the equivalent particle "in" now turned into a locative suffix).
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Lynnic / Nystric
- Nust would descend from Nystrr, a Spanish-based conlang with Germanic-like sound changes similar like those of Grimm's and Verner's laws. Nust is further removed from Spanish in phonology and grammar. One distinctive feature of Nust is that articles are now suffixed to their nouns (stehr, history; stehrs'/stehrse, the history) rather than coming before them as in Spanish (or being mostly omitted as in Nystrr). Nust's new articles are derived from Spanish demonstratives eso/esa/esos/esas (stemming from Latin ipse) which makes them related to the definite articles of Sardinian and Baleric Catalan (and Henrik Theiling's Þrjótrunn).
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- A posterirori: Indoeuropean, Romance, Neo-Hispanic, Efanic
- Although I originally intended Southern Efenol to be yet another Efenol dialect it soon became distinct enough to re-classify it as a language on its own. Southern Efenol (natively Efenol d'e·Ssur, though most of its speakers would rather refer to it as Surýn, Southern) shares many features with the other Efenol varieties (which may be termed "North-Central Efenol") such as consonant mutation triggered by certain particles or ablaut-based pluralization patterns. However, it differs on the way it inherits nouns with ended in -o in Spanish (which is cheshirised by ablauting the previous vowel while North-Central Efenol simply elides it); for instance Spanish clavo (metal nail) is inherited as clòv /klɔv/ whereas Western Efenol inherits it as chalobh /ˈxaloβ/ (the relationship between the two words here is further obscured by the different ways to deal with initial /kl/ clusters and differing orthographic conventions).
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead)
Tengesian languages
In 2010, I was asked by a friend to collaborate in designing a video-game (some sort of RPG). In his notes, he was using some words for game-specific concepts (like waza for a kind of elemental attacks) which I he had picked from Mayan, Egyptian and Japanese words he'd found in the internet. I decided to create an otherwise a priori language out of those words (working out some phonological patterns out of the reduced lexicon we had) which was to become a Latin-like ancient language (Tengoko, the language of time) from which the languages of various clans would descend (most prominently: the language of the Dragon Clan, Tonoryu, cf. Japanese ryū). The game never took on (it didn't ever leave the "concept" stage) but I kept Tengoko and its descendants (the Tengesia, languages of the clans) as conlangs I've continued to develop.
By the way, the ng in Tengoko and Tengesia is actually /ŋ/ but I don't care at all if people pronounce it as /ŋg/ in English. Also, Tengesia includes Tengoko's descendants but not Tengoko itself (much like how nobody calls Latin a Romance language); I'm fine with saying that Tengoko is a Tengesian language, though.
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Tengoko (which, in the internal history, was once called Wir) is an agglutinative language with mostly a priori vocabulary (as some roots can indeed be tracked to natural languages, specially Yucatec Mayan and Japanese). Many grammatical distinctions are optional in Tengoko as its the case for number (teng can mean either language or languages depending on context; the number can be specified by prefixes: tengnu for singular and tenga for plural). Similarly, verbs may or may not include prefixes to indicate their subject (and, rarely, their direct object) and may even omit tense suffixes (kezyumos, I swam, may be expressed as just zyum if it's clear that it was the speaker who swam and that the action occurred in the past).
- Constructed scripts: Old Kar (a logographic system similar to Chinese (Han) characters), Kar (derived from Old Kar, with glyphs noticeably simpler than those of its precursor), Sibaz (an alphabet with featural elements)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Tonoryu (the language of the 'Dragon Clan') is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. Tonoryu features vowel harmony (front and unrounded vs back and rounded) and, unlike Tengoko, it requires subject and tense marking in its verbs.
- Constructed scripts: Sibaz (alphabetic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Xenechen (/xénet͡ʃɘʔn/, the language of the 'Forest Clan') is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. Xenechen's phonotactics were intended to resemble Japanese. It features palatalization of consonantes after Tengoko /e/ and /i/. Unlike other conlangs in its family, it is a topic-prominent language.
- Constructed scripts: Qibi (a mix of Kar logograms and an alphabetic script derived from Sibaz)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Hahdek (the language of the 'Fire Clan') is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. Hahdek underwent sound changes similar to those of Grimm's law and some elements of its grammar are loosely based on that of German (like mostly SVO word order shifting to SOV in relative clauses).
- Constructed scripts: Sibaz (alphabetic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Zissiten (the language of the 'Birds Clan') is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. Despite being unrelated, Zissiten tries to have a vague Romance (particularly Italian) feel; resulting from various sound and grammar changes.
- Constructed scripts: Hévil (alphabetic, unrelated to Sibaz), Sibaz (rarely, alphabetic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian, Tengtunic, Hishian
- Hishi Theng-thun (the language of the 'little Rock Clan'; just Theng-Thun before other Theng-Thun languages were created in 2015) is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. It belongs to the Tengtunic branch, a group of Tengesian languages inspired by real life Chinese languages out of which Hishi Theng-thun is the most different (due to being more conservative). It contrasts plosives based on aspiration (rather than voicing, as it's the case for its not Tengtunic relatives), restricts codae to nasals or /f~v~ʋ/ and, not surprisingly for a conlang which lists Chinese languages as an influence, it is tonal.
- Constructed scripts: Tunsi Kar (a variant of modern Kar, logographic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian, Tengtunic, Hishian
- Qiye-Zempa descends from Hishi Theng-thun, thus being a Tengesian language in the Tengtunic branch. It features a large number of changes that set it apart from Theng-thun languages, including the loss of tone.
- Constructed scripts: Sibaz (alphabetic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian
- Hjolþesc (the language of the 'Ice Clan') is one of many languages that descend from Tengoko. Not unlike Hahdek, Hjolþesc underwent sound changes similar to those of Grimm's law. However, while I intended Hahdek to loosely resemble German I wanted Hjolþesc to be more like Old Norse and Icelandic (you are probably starting to appreciate how creative I was with its name).
- Constructed scripts: Sibaz (alphabetic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian, Tengtunic, Tunjic
- Middle Theng-thun (MTT) would have been once the main language of the 'Rock clan', the largest nation in the Tengesia world. Like other conlangs in that conworld, it descends from Tengoko. MTT was created in 2015 (nearly five years before Hishi Theng-Thun, what had been the Theng-Thun language so far, which is now in its now in a sister branch to MTT-based Tunjic). MTT could be thought as Tengoko's world analogue to Middle Chinese.
- Constructed scripts: Tunsi Kar (a variant of modern Kar, logographic)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian, Tengtunic, Tunjic
- Tunjietian Theng-thun (TTT) is the main language of the 'Rock clan', the largest nation in the Tengesia world. Like other conlangs in that conworld, it descends from Tengoko and, more specifically, from Middle Theng-thun. It could be seen as Tengoko's world analogue to Mandarin Chinese; as it's the case for Mandarin, Tunjietian is tonal and very restrictive with codae (only -n is allowed).
- Constructed scripts: Tunsi Kar (a variant of modern Kar, logographic), Kar (logoraphic), Sibaz (alphabetic, only as transcription)
- Mostly a priori, Tengesian, Tengtunic, Tunjic
- Pha Theng-thun (Tsúnsîʔì fâtséng, or Low Theng-thun) is one of the languages of the 'Rock clan' in the Tengesia world. Like other conlangs in that conworld, it descends from Tengoko and, more specifically, from Middle Theng-thun. It has little inter-intelligibility with Tunjietian, the leading Theng-thun language in its conworld. It could be seen as Tengoko's world analogue to some Chinese languages ('dialects') like Cantonese. Like nearly all Tengtunic languages, Pha Theng-thun is tonal. It is less restrictive about codae than other extant Tengtunic languages (being the only one that allows stops in syllable-final position).
- Constructed scripts: Pha-Kha (alphabetic), Tunsi Kar (logographic, often following Tunjietian rules).
Other a priori conlangs
- A priori, Sohosic
- A tonal analytic language with strictly CV phonotactics.
- Constructed scripts: Sohosi Hieroglyphs (a pictorial logographic system), Sohosi 'Demotic' (a simplified version of Sohosi Hieroglyphs)
- A priori, Sohosic
- A conlang descended from Sohosi. Its phonotactics are more flexible than those of Sohosi, its phonological inventory is larger and it is slightly more fusional than its older stage.
- Constructed scripts: Sevesh (defective alphabet, sometimes closer to an abugida; descended from Sohosi's 'Demotic' logographic script).
- A priori
- Minmá intends to be a very simple and minimalistic language (hence its name); it's got only 3 vowels (which, accounting for pitch which also changes the quality of some of them, could be said to be 6) and 6 consonants (with some allophonic variation). It's grammar is analitic and accepts any verb-initial word order.
- Constructed scripts: None (Latin alphabet is used instead; I've also tried Devanagari once in a while)
- A priori
- Contrasting with Minmá's simplicity, Bartxe was intended to be pretty complex.
Minmá intends to be a very simple and minimalistic language (hence its name); it's got only 3 vowels (which, accounting for pitch which also changes the quality of some of them, could be said to be 6) and 6 consonants (with some allophonic variation). It's grammar is analitic and accepts any verb-initial word order. It is agglutinative (or maybe mildly polysynthetic) and requires to inflect verbs for mood, aspect, potentially modifiers (such as causative marks), tense, subject, object (which may be fully incorporated as a noun) and evidentials.
- Constructed scripts: Qekhiave (or Ekiawø, also Naupali's script)
Other a posteriori conlangs
Non-diachronic
The following are non-diachronic a posteriori conlangs, that is, conlangs that take all or most of its lexicon from real world sources but that are not supposed to descend from any natural language (be it modern or historic).
- A posteriori, Lisnoutish
- A language based on triliteral roots. The roots are constructed via a process that combines the letters from words in seven sources: Lojban (which itself combines roots from natural language sources in a different way), Arabic (from where I got the triliteral roots idea in first place), Romance (I try to use words representative to more than one Romance language), English, Quenya (Tolkien's High Elvish), Turkish and Greek (preferably Ancient Greek but I have resorted to using Modern Greek from time to time). For instance, I determined that I should combine Lojban ciska, Arabic katab, Romance scribire (as in Spanish escribir), English write, Quenya tec-, Turkish yazmak and Greek graphein as the triliteral S-K-T for 'writing'. Nouns and verbs are then derived from those roots and inflicted in highly regular ways.
- Constructed scripts: Sikäitt (alphabetic; vowels written as diacritics)
- A posteriori, Lisnoutish
- A language based on Lisnäit. Alisne features a far simpler case system and a reduced number of verb conjugations.
- Constructed scripts: Xiké (alphabetic; based on Sikäitt)
Indoeuropean
The following conlangs are either based on Indoeuropean languages or on Proto-Indoeuropean itself; so if they were actual languages they'd be classified as Indoeuropean.
Romance
- A posteriori, Indoeuropean, Romance
- Your typical romlang; if this was a real-world language it would be spoken somewhere in Italy and the rest of Italians wouldn't doubt in calling it a dialetto. It features plurals inherited from Latin nominative (lupo - lupi), intervocallic voicing of stops up to the second-to-last syllable (with some synchronic effects: lupo for 'wolf' but lublo for 'little wolf; person that is not to be trusted'). It also preserves some archaisms like a limited form of passive.
- Constructed scripts: None* (Latin alphabet is used instead)
- Piumafonte, nowadays Spaele's main script, was originally constructed for Romanice but I felt that it was out of place for a Romance language.
Languages to be
This includes some conlang projects I plan to make someday but which I haven't even started so far.
INCOMPLETE LIST