User:IlL/Spare pages 1/4
IlL/Spare pages 1/4 (IlL/Spare pages 1/4: An dhobhâdhaigh Cobhocham) is a Wiebic language. It has a large number of click consonants, and is a monosyllabic tonal language with fusional morphology using mutations and tone changes.
Numbers
- AW: va:m, *dɛɧɐ, naɐk, mu:l, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtuom, ʀu:t, lɛɐts, pfaɐp, kioɐ
- Pre-Kurmo-Schnüher: va:m, dɪɧɐ, nɛɐk, mu:l, ze:ləɧ, ʃtuom, ʀu:t, lɛɐts, pfɛɐp, kioɐ
- Pre-Schnüher: fˠa:m, dʲəɧ-S, nʲa:k, mʷo:l, zʲe:ləɧ, tʰʷwəm, vˠo:t, lʲatʰ, pʰʲa:p, pʲa:
we need tones!
lʲatʰ->lʲat(breathy)
9 and 10 sound similar
ok let's try tʰ > t(breathy)
_Cʰ -> _C(breathy)
yes
_ɧ -> _h -> _(breathy)
yes
maybe not p-celticization?
final k -> glottalization
we should have that
but final p -> w-glide!
9 -> pʰʲa:w
or pʰʲa:wʔ
this is so fun
vˠa:m, dʲə̤-S, nʲa:ʔ, mʷo:l, zʲe̤:l, tʰʷwəm, vˠo:ʔ, lʲa̤ʔ, pʰʲa:wʔ, kʲʷa:
i don't want final plosivess to diasppear yet!
i need them for sino-korean gib
yes
vˠa:m, dʲə̤-S, nʲa:k, mʷo:l, zʲe̤:l, tʰʷwəm, vˠo:t, lʲa̤t, pʰʲa:p, kʲʷa:
let me look at what vowel phonemes we had before slenderization
ɪ i: ʏ y: u:
ə
ɛ e: œ ø: o:
a:
au ai ay iu io uo yø
should au ai ay front to ɛu ɛi ɛy?
perhaps
looks abɛut right
actually maybe not
we need some "plain" consonants
why?????
for some balance?
au ai ay all merge into ɐː
let's say au->ɛ:, ai->ɑ: as in australian or cockney(ish)
ai, ay > a:
yes
ɪ i: ʏ y: u:
ə
ɛ e: œ ø: o:
ɛ: œ
a:
iu io uo yø
should i have œ: < ay?
yes!
symmetry!
ɪ i: ʏ y: u:
ə
ɛ e: œ ø: o:
ɛ: œ:
a:
iu io uo yø
btw Californian English looks like it has /y/ and no /u/
so we're now at the "oddball accent of german"-stage
yes
i think now is a good time to slenderize!
yes
ɪ -> ʲə, i: -> ʲə:, ʏ -> ʲʷə, y: -> ʲʷə:, u: -> ʷə:...
what should the semi-vertical vowel system look like?
a:->ˠa:
a 3-level system?
fleibenschwankenschraft
with a ə ï
that looks good
so pre-cuatham:
ɪ i: ʏ y: u:
ə
e: ø: o:
ɛ ɛ: œ œ:
a:
iu io uo yø
ɪ i: ʏ y: u: -> ʲï ʲï: ʲʷï ʲʷï: ʷï:
old cuatham:
jɨ jɨj jwɨ jwɨj wɨw
better than my proposal
let's continue
ə is just ə
e: ø: o: > jəj jwəj wəw
yes
- middle chinese intensifies*
ɛ ɛ: œ œ: -> ja jai jwa jwai
a: -> a:
or jwaw?
a: > a:
iu io uo yø -> jɨw, jəw, wəw, jwəj?
jɨ, jə, wə, jwə
yes i can feel the middle chinese
so i and iu merge?
iu > jɨw
what does final -r do now?
fleibenschwankenschraft...
-w -j replaced w/ -a?
perhaps
with a subsequent sandhi
ɨa,əa-> ə:, aa->a:
this is pretty convenient as a, eo, eu are common in sino-korean
what? the sandhi?
the vertical vowel system
tho i also need -yu(C), -yo(C)
jɨw, jəw!
i can get them from jw-
?
ok
CjɨwC->CyuC
yes
we still haven't gone over uo, üö and io
we have: iu io uo yø -> jɨw, jə, wə, jwə
so:
va:m, dəɧɐ, nɛɐk, mu:l, ze:ləɧ, ʃtuom, ʀu:t, lɛɐts, pfɛɐp, kioɐ
va:m, dəɧ-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, ʃtwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
the language should split at this stage or soon after
yes!
well it was descher in early curmian
sorry
va:m, djəɧ-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, ʃtwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
either german is the mother of all languages
or it's vietnamese
or wakashan
or clicky polynesian
(from a zulian perspective)
ʃC > Cʰ at this stage
va:m, djəɧ-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
forgot
va:m, djə̤ɧ-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
what about mutations caused by unstressed prefixes
i think they should be dropped before final endings are dropped
be-, ge-, ger- lenites
en-, wen- eclipses
des- aspirates
let's work the effects out
then when you lenite be-, you actually get bhe- (pronounced)
- gussnish intensifies*
sino-korean but with mutations, tone and gender is so funny
i can see you're more focused on Schnüher grin emoticon
b > v
d > dh (fric)
g > gh
that's pretty much gussnish
p > f
t > þ
k > x
dh > gh?
we're still at the "old irish" stage
irish/elephant gaelic
th -> h
dh -> gh
the following consonants can occur initially in late pre-old cuatham:
m n
p t ! k ʔ
b d g! g
ph th !h kh
f s h
v z
l j ʀ
right before prefixes trigger initial mutations
m
seimhius to ṽ
uru's to m
aspirates to mʰ
n
seimhius to n
urus to n
aspirates to nʰ
p
seimhius to f
urus to b
aspirates to pʰ
t
seimhius to θ
urus to d
aspsirates to tʰ
forgot ɧ as a possible initial fricative
!
seimhius to ɧ
urus to g!
aspirates to !ʰ
k
seimhius to x
urus to g
aspirates to kʰ
b
seimhius to v
urus to m
aspirates to bʰ?
b shouldn't aspirate unlike in Middle Wiobian
or An Bhl grin emoticon
b
seimhius to v
urus to m
d
seimhius to ð
urus to n
g!
seimhius to ɧ̬
urus to ŋ!
g
seimhius to ɣ
urus to ŋ
ph th !h kh
seimhius to p t ! k (!)
blaoighniúil
ph th !h kh
urus to m̊ n̊ ŋ̊! ŋ̊
sorry not blaoighniuil
seimhiu: ph > p > f
h drops out entirely
f s
seimhius to h h
urus to v z
v z
seimhius to ʔ ʔ
l j ʀ do not mutate
oops maybe i should have aspirated hl hj hr?
l j r
aspirate to hl hj hr
and v z aspirates to f s
ɧ seimhius to h and urus to ɧ̬
ɧ̬ seimhius to to ʔ and aspirates to ɧ
ʔ urus to n
and aspirates to h!
ok so what inventory do i have now
m̊ n̊ ŋ̊! ŋ̊
m n ŋ! ŋ
p t ! k ʔ
b d g! g
ph th !h kh
f s ɧ x h
ṽ v z ɧ̬ ɣ
l̊ j̊ ʀ̊
l j ʀ
this is "old cuatham"
pʰ tʰ !ʰ kʰ are pinyined p̂ t̂ ŧ̂ k̂
ĉ you mean
yes sorry
p̂ t̂ ŧ̂ ĉ
or:
use pr tr ŧr cr
i could derive aspirates from Cr!
as Cuatham has no initial consonant clusters
or maybe not?
you don't have to change the diachronics
r blocks medials from forming
i just picked something irishy
yes I could do that
because ŧ̂ is a little heavy on the diacritics
phr thr ŧhr chr
bpr dtr đŧr gcr?
bpr dtr đŧr gcr actually represetn voiceless nasals
yes
i don't know why i didn't think of that idea before
that's funny
but i'm adopting the idea anyway because irish
yes
also because nobody really knows what <r> is in Wiob
it should be the in universe orthography!
well <r> *is* sometimes /r/
Reber = ráp
but not always
that's why r could mean /r/ in Cuatham
in isolation
Schnueher uses Wiob orthography while Cuatham uses the irishy one
yes
because German read like Sino-Korean
or you could have Irish read as Sino-Korean tongue emoticon
that's why Hussmauchian conlangers like to do funny things with r
or avoid it
anyway
the language splits after slenderization?
yes!
I want to drop final plosives in cuatham while retaining them in schnueher
yes
so here are the numbers again:
va:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
cuatham splits from schnueher by...
clicky clicky clicky!
what do you think abot -p -> -w?
yes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
with all the !'s pronounced
yes, -p > -w in cuatham
-t just disappears
yes
or becomes -j?
-k -> -j
actually
hence -abh/-aigh?
final
p/jp/wp -> w/j/w
t/jt/wt -> Ø/j/w
k/jk/wk -> j/j/w
yes
yes
final -ŧ?
> Ø/j/w
final -l?
retained
final m, n, and ng are retained
yes
high from falsetto: ŧrâdha
mid tone: ŧra
low tone: ŧrà
high tone: ŧrá
mid falling: ŧradh
glottalized: ŧràdh
high falling: trádh
high from falsetto: ŧrâdh
yes
maybe hmong is a cuatham jokelang
so what does -th- do?
i don't like ŧràthadh ...
let's say that -thadh- or -thidh- becomes -ch!
ŧrath
ŧràth
ŧráth
ŧrach
ŧràch
trách
ŧrâch
yes
this is def my irish jokelang
it's even funnier with the falsetto!
or an awesomenesslang
irish + khoisan + chinese
this is Old Kurmian right before it splits
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
yes
in modern kurm:
@am, |e, n|ek, n@ul, |el, |wem, @wit, ||et, @jep, !e:
schnueher drops -l
cuatham drops -p -t -k
yes
I'm doing cuatham first
@ = bilabial click
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨw, ljə̤:, pʰjə̤, kjə:-S
sorry
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, fwɨw, ljə̤:, pʰjə̤, kjə:-S
then final -w -j disappear before -m -n -l
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:, mwɨl, zjə̤l, tʰwəm, fwɨw, ljə̤:, pʰjə̤, kjə:-S
yes
actually
-p turns to -w and deletes any -j before it
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:, mwɨl, zjə̤l, tʰwəm, fwɨw, ljə̤:, pʰjə̤w, kjə:-S
yes
i also had -k -jk -wk > -j -j -w
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:j, mwɨl, zjə̤l, tʰwəm, fwɨw, ljə̤:, pʰjə̤w, kjə:-S
yes
I had this
va:m, djə̤-S, njə:jQ, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwQ, ljə̤:Q, pʰjə̤wQ, kjə:-S
va:m, djə̤-S, njə:jQ, mwɨl, zjə̤l, tʰwəm, vwɨwQ, ljə̤:Q, pʰjə̤wQ, kjə:-S
then I had some tone splits
va:m, djə̀-S, njə:jQ, mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, vwɨwQ, ljə̀:Q, pʰjə̀wQ, kjə:-S
breathy > low
fa:m, djə̀-S, njə:jQ, mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwɨwQ, ljə̀:Q, pʰjə̀wQ, kjə:-S*
low glottalized is easier than breathy glottalized
fa:m, djə̀-S, njə̌:j, mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwɨ́wQ, ljə̌:, pʰjə̌w, kjə:-S
yes
fa:m, djə̀-S, njə̌:j, mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwɨ́w, ljə̌:, pʰjə̌w, kjə:-S
and right then you monophthongized everything
I changed it so that we have less e's and o's
yes
i want to keep--jə̌w because mandarin
yóu
I do agree with ɨj/ɨw > i:/u:
"gozaimasu" should be an emphatic particle in kagasa
good time for the long vowel > tone split
yes
with the blaoighnity
same tones that we originally had
falsetto is too funny
early modern cuatham can sound like yodelling
fa:m, djə̀-S, njə:j (high), mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwû:, ljə̀:, pʰjə̌w, kjə-S (high falling)
with long vowels?
sorry
fa:m, djə̀-S, njəj (high), mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwû, ljə̀, pʰjə̌w, kjə-S (high falling)
then we can harmonize jə to je and perhaps wə to wo
yes
except you don't have jew
shouldn't fa:m have a tone change?
sorry
fam (mid falling), djə̀-S, njəj (high), mwɨl, zjə̀l, tʰwəm, fwû, ljə̀, pʰjə̌w, kjə-S (high falling)
i'll use tone numbers now
next crazy idea!
a monosyllabic tonal language based on Schwünter
where each word gets compressed to a single syllable
fam31, djə22-S, njej55, mwɨl33, sjəl22, tʰwəm33, fwu51, ljə21, pʰjəw15, kjə51-S
yes
wɨ, jɨ > u, i
fam31, djə22-S, njej55, mul33, sjəl22, tʰwəm33, fwu51, ljə21, pʰjəw15, kjə51-S
so 4 can be "mul"
that's the joke
bevolo -> beolo -> beol -> meol -> mul
now the clickification
fam31, gǀə22-S, ŋǀej55, mul33, sjəl22, tʰwəm33, fu51, ʎə21, ʘʰəw15, cə51-S
1: fadham
modern cuatham?
yes
2: dè
3: néidhigh
4: mul
5: sèil
7: trobhuam
sorry
6: trobhuam
7: fû
8: lèidh
15> 33
9: preobh
ʘʰəw33
céidh
10: céidh
fam31, gǀə22-S, ŋǀej55, mul33, sjəl22, tʰwəm33, fu51, ʎə21, ʘʰəw33, cə51-S
fadham, dè, néidhigh, mul, sèil, trobhuam, fû, lèidh, preobh, céidh
Phonology
Initials
An unusual feature of IlL/Spare pages 1/4 phonology is that palatalized stops are realized as clicks.
| Labial | Coronal | Lateral | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| broad | slender | broad | slender | broad | slender | broad | slender | broad | slender | |||
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /ŋ̊ʘ/ | /n̊/ | /ŋ̊ǀ/ | /n̊ˡ/ | /ŋ̊ǁ/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊ǂ/ | /ŋ̊/ | /ɲ̊/ | |
| voiceless | /m/ | /ŋʘ/ | /n/ | /ŋǀ/ | /nˡ/ | /ŋǁ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋǂ/ | /ŋ/ | /ɲ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /ʘ/ | /t/ | /ǀ/ | /tɬ/ | /ǁ/ | /!/ | /ǂ/ | /k/ | /c/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /ʘʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /ǀʰ/ | /tɬʰ/ | /ǁʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /ǂʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /cʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /gʘ/ | /d/ | /gǀ/ | /dɮ/ | /gǁ/ | /g!/ | /gǂ/ | /g/ | /ɟ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /fç/ | /s/ | /sç/ | /ɬ/ | /ɬʲ/ | /ɧ/ | /ʂ/ | /x/ | /ç/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /zj/ | /ɮ/ | /ɮʲ/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ʐ/ | /ɣ/ | /ʝ/ | ||||
| Trill | /r/ | /r̝/ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | /w/ | /ɥ/ | /l/ | /ʎ/ | /j/ | |||||||
Medials
The medial is optional. There is one possible medial, /w~ɥ/.
Nucleus
There are three possible nuclei: /a/, /ə/ and zero. The nuclei display a range of different realizations depending on the phonetic environment:
- /a/ is realized as:
- /ɑ/ after a broad labialized consonant
- /æ/ after a palatal consonant, palatal click or /ɥ/
- /a/ otherwise
- /ə/ is realized as:
- /ɔ/ after a broad labialized consonant
- /e/ after a palatal consonant, palatal click or /ɥ/, or with /-j/ coda
- /ə/ otherwise
- Zero nucleus is realized as:
- /u/ if the medial is /w/
- /y/ if the medial is /ɥ/
- /ɨ/ if the medial is zero and initial is a dental click, a retroflex or a broad velar
- /i/ if the medial is zero, for other initials
Coda
The coda is optional. There are seven possible finals in IlL/Spare pages 1/4: /m n ŋ l r w j/.
Tones
Mutations
seimhiu
/p, ʘ/ > /f(ʲ)/
/pʰ, ʘʰ/ > /f(ʲ)/
/b, gʘ, m, ŋʘ/ > /w, ɥ/
/t, |/ > /h/
/d, g|/ > /ɣ, j/
/tʰ, |ʰ/ > /h/
/!, ǂ, !ʰ, ǂʰ/ > /ɧ, ɧʲ/
/g|, gǂ/ > voiced sj
/k, c, kʰ, cʰ/ > /x, ç/
/g, gʲ/ > /ɣ, j/
/s, sʲ/ > /x, ç/
uru:
/p, ʘ/ > /b gʘ/ > /m, ŋʘ/
/pʰ ʘʰ/ > /m̊ ŋ̊ʘ/
/t, |/ > /d, g|/ > /n, ŋ|/
/tʰ, |ʰ/ > /nʰ, ŋʰ|/
/!, ǂ/ > /g!, gǂ/ > /ŋ!, ŋǂ/
/!ʰ, ǂʰ/ > /ŋʰ!, ŋʰǂ/
/k, c/ >/g, gʲ/ > /ŋ, ŋʲ/
/s, sʲ/ > /z, zʲ/ (spelled ns)
Grammar
masculine declension:
singular:
an: nominative
an-S: accusative
an-H: genitive
plural:
on-S: nominative
on-N: accusative
on-S: genitive
feminine declension:
singular:
an-S: nominative (*ire*)
an-S: accusative
an-N: genitive
plural:
ár: nominative
ár-N: accusative
ár-S: genitive
Lexicon
- bhò-N - from
- na-N - bhò + an
- Ŧú Teatham Ŧathaigh