Kaläämi

*On this page, it's mainly used the grammar of Modern Standard Kaläämi.

Introduction

Kaläämi or Peruuta Kaläämi is the standard variety spoken mainly in Riogran and everywhere on the Aurora Planet. Its grammar is largely agglutinative. The Peruuta Kaläämi is the purest variety of Kaläämi, and it has very few loanwords(or none at all), while other varieties like Jordarsk Kaläämi, Perulme Kaläämi and Landau Kaläämi were influenced by human languages when humans arrived in Aurora. It comes from Proto-Aurora and is the unique Auroran language that is currently spoken actively. Proto-Aurora is still used in Bibles and other sacred books and in churchs.

• Proto-Auroran
  • Old Kaläämi
    • Standard Kaläämi
  • Colloquial Kaläämi
    • Jordarsk Kaläämi
    • Perulme Kaläämi
    • Landau Kaläämi

Although grammar is almost the same between the varieties, vocabulary, syntax and phonology are slightly different because they had been influenced by different Earth languages. Jordarsk Kaläämi variety has been influenced largely by Germanic languages(English, German, High German, Norwegian and Icelandic) and is the most distant variety, its grammar is very similiar to Modern Standard Kaläämi(MSK) but syntax and vocabulary have been largely influenced by Germanic languages. Perulme Kaläämi variety has been largely influenced by Romance languages(French, Italian, Catalan to some extent and largely by Latin and Greek(Greek is not a Romance language)), 60% of the vocabulary comes from Romance and Greek, 2% from Old Kaläämi and the restant from other Earth languages. Landau Kaläämi variety has been influenced by Slavic, however the differences between Modern Standard Kaläämi and Landau Kaläämi are very few comparated to Perulme and Jordarsk Kaläämi.

Phonology

Modern Standard Kaläämi has a phonetic inventory with something between 29-32 phonemes. It contains 16 vowels and 13 consonants. Main stress is largely different among the varieties, but in Standard Kaläämi the main stress is placed on the first syllable. The vowels could be short, long and very long. Short and long vowels aren't doubled but very long vowels are usually written doubled.

	Bi-Labial	Labio-Dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p		t		d	k g
Nasal	m				n
Trill					r
Fricative		v		s			h
Latteral Approx.					l

	Front		Central		Back
	Short	Long	Short	Long	Short	Long
Close	i y	iː yː			u	uː
Close-Mid	e ø	eː øː			o	oː
Open-Mid	ɛ	ɛː
Open			a	aː

Orthography

Kaläämi is written with the Latin and Paalit script, both with 22 letters(A Ä D E G H I J K L M N O Ö P R S T U V Y Õ). The letters {B C F Q W X Z} aren't part of the alphabet.

Morphology

Morphological Cases

Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives and Numbers are declined in 16 cases and they have lost the singular-plural and masculine-feminine-neuter distinctions. All nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numbers follow the declension table shown bellow:

Case	Vowel Stem	Consonant Stem
Ergative	-k	-ek
Absolutive	∅	∅
Dative	-m	-em
Partitive	-nd	-end
Genitive	-sii	-esii
Inessive	-ndii	-undii
Elative	-nta	-onta
Illative	-lla	-olla
Adessive	-nnu	-unnu
Ablative	-kkä	-ekkä
Allative	-kii	-ukii
Essive	-nna	-onna
Translative	-st	-ost
Instrumental	-stii	-osta
Abessive	-ksi	-uksi
Comitative	-la	-ula

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

	Män	Hën	Kän	Om	Oli	Sen
	I	You	He	We	You(Plur.)	They
	Singular			Plural
Ergative	mänek	hänek	känek	omek	olik	senek
Absolutive	män	hän
Dative	mänem	hÄnem
Partitive	mänend	hënend
Genitive	mänesii	hënesii
Inessive	mänundii	hënundii
Elative	mänonta	hënonta
Illative	mänolla	hënolla
Adessive	mänunnu	hënunnu
Ablative	mänekkä	hënekkä
Allative	mänukii	hënukii
Essive	mänonna	hënonna
Translative	mänost	hënost
Instrumental	mänosta	hënosta
Abessive	mänuksi	hënuksi
Cominative	mänula	hënula

Verbs

Kaläämi verbs have 2 moods(Indicative and Conditional) and 4 compound moods(Subjunctive, Imperative-Jussive, Hypothetical and Potential), and the verbs change by person, number, aspect and mood. Verbs usually ends in consonant and there's almost none irregular verb(except the auxiliar verbs that are irregular)

Number			Singular			Plural
Person			1S	2S	3S	1P	2P	3P
Moods/Tenses	Indicative	Imperfect
		Perfect
	Conditional	Imperfect
		Perfect

Interjections

Käälii: Yes

Kiitos: No

Syntax