Verse:Hmøøh/Rencad

Tigel/Lexicon

Tigel (/ˈtʰɪgɤˤ/ pronounced "tiggle" in English) is a West Talmic language.

1: cēm- > ciew 2: tithōr > tyσer 3: nazge > nég-L 4: dhaufe > dǿ-L 5: salir > seler 6: stām > stáw 7: rōde > ryøλ-L 8: lorethe > løreσ-L 9: farve > erv-L 10: ħiōr > yør

Phonology

Tigel phonology is partially based on German and Irish.

Consonants

Tigel has around 20 consonants, like most West Talmic languages.

Tigel consonants
Labial Alveolar Lateral Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/ l [ɴ]
Stop/Affricate tenuis b /p/ d /t/ g /k/
aspirated p /pʰ/ t /tʰ/ c /kʰ/
Fricative voiceless f /f/ s /s/ σ /ɬ/ ch /x/ r /χ~ʁ~ʀ/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/ λ /ɮ/ ğ /ɣ/
Trill
Approximant w /w/ l /ʟ/

Notes:

  • The aspiration distinction is neutralized word-finally.
  • Unaspirated consonants are half-voiced between vowels.
  • /t, d/ are alveolar for most speakers.
  • /ɬ, ɮ/ are dental [] in the acrolect. They are alveolar [] in regional or basilectal speech.
  • /s, z/ are retracted [s̠, z̠], similar to the Northern/Central Castillan Spanish and Modern Greek counterparts.
  • /ʟ/ is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant [ʁ̞ˤ] or a backed uvular approximant [ʁ̠̞] which may be pronounced with compressed lips [ʁ̞ˤᵝ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. The realization [ɴ] may be heard after stressed vowels. (This article uses /ʟ/ for simplicity.)
    • It is vocalized in unstressed syllables to [ɤˁ].
    • In classical singing and some dialects [ɫ] is used.
  • /ʀ/ is a trill [ʀ] in careful speech. It is a fricative [ʁ] or an approximant [ʁ̞] in casual speech which devoices to [χ] word-finally or after an aspirate. The main features distinguishing /ʀ/ from /ʟ/ are greater frication and absence of pharyngealization in the former.
    • In classical singing and some dialects [r] is used.

Initial consonant mutations

The following consonants can undergo initial lenition and/or eclipsis (except sC clusters):

Consonant mutations
Root letter m p b f t d s z c g
Lenited w f v 0 σ λ h 0 ch ğ
Eclipsed m b m v d n z z g ŋ

Vowels

Tigel vowels
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short short long short short long
Close i /ɪ/ í /iː/ y /ʏ/ ý /yː/ u /ɵ/ ú /ʉː/ ul, úl /ʊˁː/
Mid e /ɛ/ é /eː/ ø /œ/ ǿ /øː/ e /ə/ o /ɞ/ ó /ɵː/ el [ɤ] ol, ól /ɔˤː/
Open á /aː/ a /ɐ/ al, ál /ɒˁː/

Diphthongs: ie yø uo /iə yə uə/

ğ after a vowel is silent and works like Turkish ğ: before a consonant it lengthens the previous vowel and before a vowel it simply becomes silent.

Umlaut

Words may undergo i-umlaut or u-umlaut under the addition of some affixes.

Umlaut
Root vowel a a e é i í ie o ó u ú uo
u-umlaut o ó ø ǿ y ý - - - - -
i-umlaut e é - - - - - ø ǿ y ý

L-colored vowels

Morphology

Nouns

Masculine vowel declension

Use ~ AW neuter determiner endings?

clúde - 'time'
Number→
State↓
Singular Plural
Indefinite clúde-N clúden-H
Definite a chlúde-L clúder
Construct clúdew-L clúder-L

Masculine consonantal declension

The mutation after the noun surfaces on adjectives and genitive nouns.

suor - 'house'
Number→
State↓
Singular Plural
Indefinite suor-N suore-H
Definite a huor-L suoren
Construct suor-L suorer-L

Feminine vowel declension

Feminine consonant declension

iew - 'mother'
Number→
State↓
Singular Plural
Indefinite iew iewer
Definite a niew-N a hiew-H
Construct yøw-L yøwen-L

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Prepositions are inflected, in the ancestor Thensarian.

Prepositions
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl.ex 1pl.in 2pl 3pl
de-L, d'- (before a vowel) 'in' dien dies dyøs diew died diech dyør
gil 'from' giln giles gyles gyle gile gilew giled gilech gyler

Verbs

Syntax

Conjunctions

  • ir: and
  • : or
  • ach: but