Modern Crimean Gothic
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Modern Gothic is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 600,000 people on the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | p b | t d | t͡ʃ | k *g | |
| Fricative | f v | θ | s z | ʃ | x ɣ |
| Liquid | r l | ||||
| Approximant | j |
- In loanwords only
Vowels
The vowel inventory of Modern Gothic is rather atypical for a Germanic language, having only ten vowels in total. Schwa is usually analyzed as an allophone of /ɛ/.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ iː | ʊ uː | |
| Mid | ɛ eː | (ə) | ɔ oː |
| Open | a |
Nouns
S-Stem Nouns
The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the s-stem nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of an s-stem noun, дахс (day):
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | дахс | дагес |
| Vocative | дах | дагес |
| Accusative | дах | дагенс |
| Dative | даге | дагем |
| Genitive | дагес | даге |
N-Stem Nouns
N-stems are inherited from Proto-Germanic an-, ōn- and in-stem nouns. They can be any gender. Example of an n-stem noun, мѥне (moon):
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative/ Vocative/ Accusative |
мѥне | мѥненс |
| Dative | мѥнен | мѥнем |
| Genitive | мѥненс | мѥнене |