Riqian
| Noble Thensarian |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swedishy Tígełic (read: Fóõ gib)
An D:Dhõnõḷai /ɑn ˈɮɤnɤɭɑj/
- cémh > kjau
- tiothar > tjuthaḷ
- nág > nõg
- daó > do
- sailir > säliḷ
- stámh > stõu
- ródh > ḷadh > ladh
- loreth > loḷäth
- arbh > aḷv
- eór > jõḷ
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | central | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | m m | n n | ṇ ɳ | nj, ŋj ɲ | ŋ ŋ | ||||
| Stop | voiceless | p p | t t | ṭ ʈ | tj, kj tɕ | k k | |||
| voiced | b b | d d | ḍ ɖ | dj, gj dʑ | g g | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f f | s s | th ɬ | ṣ ʂ | ṭh ꞎ | sj, chj ɕ | ch x | h h |
| voiced | v v | z z | dh ɮ | ẓ ʐ | ḍh ɮ˞ | zj, ghj ʑ | gh ɣ | ||
| Approximant | w w | l l | ḷ ɭ | j j | |||||
Mutations: bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th zh > v ch dh w gh w f h th 0 mb gc nd mhf ŋg bp nts dt > m g n v ŋ b z d
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ | ö /ø/ | õ /ɤ/ | o /o/ |
| Open | ä /æ/ | a /ɑ/ | ||
glides: -i/-u /-j -w/ < Old Tígeł -gh/-mh
Consonant reflexes
ndr, tr, thr, dr, dhr, sr, zsr, r = /ɳ ʈ ꞎ ɖ ɮ˞ ʂ ʐ ɭ/
Vowel reflexes
Long vowels
- aé > e
- é > ja
- á > õ
- aó > o
- aói, ói > ö
- úi > ü
- ó > a
- í > i
- eá, eó > jõ
- eí > i
- eío > jo
- eú > jö
- iú > ju
- aí > e
- ú > u
Short vowels
- a, e, i, o, u > a, jä, i, õ, u?
- ao, eo, io, aio > o, jõ, ju, jo?
- ai, ei, oi/aoi, ui > ä, i, ö, ü
Proto-Tigalic
- Aramaization: h > 0 x, ɣ > ħ, ʕ; θ, ð > t, d; f > h (except before /l/ and /r/); begadkefat
- general y~u, ȳ~ū merger
- ʕ > ŋ
- p t k b d g m n ŋ h r l v j + creaky voice
- a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ai au
Gebocham
Uncanny-valley English with a Franco-Turkish flavor. Native name: Gebocham /dʒəbʌʃɑŋ/
- Vowels: æ ɪ i ʌ ə ʊ ʉ < a/ae ē/i ī ā/o/au e ō/u/y ū/ȳ
- Vowel harmony groups:
- high tense: i ʉ
- high lax: ɪ ʊ
- low: æ ʌ
- ə is neutral
- Rhotic vowels: [ɑɹ ɪɹ ɪɹ ɔɹ ɜɹ ʊɹ ʊɹ]
- "Nasal" vowels: [ɑŋ iŋ iŋ ɑŋ əŋ ɔŋ ɔŋ]
- All vowels may occur in open syllables e.g. dɹɪ
- Consonants: m n ŋ p t tʃ k ʔ b d dʒ g f s ʃ v z ʒ h ɹ l j
- I = /nʌ/
- thou = (m) /zɪɹ/, (f) /wɪɹ/
- he =